Design Calculation

This section describes the calculations and design work that was used in creating

the prototype. Various parameters are taken into consideration by the researchers

before starting the computation.

Solving for the Pressure Washer Specifications

Based on the study of de Oliveira, F. A. (2017), “Effect of high pressure on fish

meat quality”, the amount of water pressure to break the fish meat ranges from 200

MPa to 300 MPa.

SUCTION DISCHARGE
PRESSURE
WASHER

AC MOTOR

Figure 11. Schematic Diagram of AC Motor Connected to the Pressure Washer

Solving for the Water Pressure (P)

Pressure=P w gh

Where:

kg
Pw = density of water; 1000 3
m
 m
g = gravitational force; 9.81 2
s

h = head; 1.5 m, height that the water will travel

Pressure=1000
kg
m
3 ( m
)
9.81 2 ( 1.5 m ) Pressure=14,715 Pa
s

Solving for the Velocity (V)

√
2 x 14,715 Pa
Velocity=
√ 2 x P Velocity=
PW 1000 3
m
kg

m
Velocity=5.43
s

Solving for the Area of the Nozzle (A)

Since the smallest nozzle orifice size is 2mm for water pressure up to 500 psi., 14.715

kpa = 0.00213423031 psi.

()
2 2
D Area=π 2
Area=π Area=3.14 mm=0.0031 m
2 2
Solving for the Force of the Pressure Washer (F)

Force=P x A Force=14,715 Pa x 0.0031Force=45.62 N

Solving for the Capacity (Q)

( )
3
m m
Capacity= A x V Capacity=0.0031 m 5.43 Capacity=0.017
s s

Solving for the Motor Power Required ( pm ¿

m
Power=F x V Power=45.62 N x 5.43 Power=247.72 W =0.248 kW
s

Use 1HP motor

Figure 12. 1HP Single Phase Motor

Solving for the Torque of Motor (T)

1HP motor specification:

N 1=1800 rpm

D1=3∈. – From Table 17.3 (Faires)

D2=12∈.

Based on the study of Leynes, J. et al., entitled “Mounting Machine for Engine

Transmission”, 12” is the diameter of the pulley of the pump with a 1HP motor.
 HP x 5252 1 x 5252
Torque= Torque= Torque=2.92 N−m
N1 1800

Solving for V-Belt

D1=3 D2=12

Figure 13. Schematic Diagram of the Belt Drive of the Motor and Pressure Washer

Solving for N 2, using Speed Ratio (SR)

D2 12
Speed Ratio= Speed Ratio= Speed Ratio=4
D1 3

N1 1800
N 2= N 2= N 2=450 rpm
SR 4

Solving for the center – to – center distance between the two pulleys from Design of

Machine Elements by Faires (2014)

D1 + D2 3+ 12
Center= + D 1Center= +3Center=10.5∈.
2 2

Solving the belt speed (V m ¿ from Design of Machine Elements by Faires (2014)

3
V m =π D1 N 1V m =π 1800V m =1413.72 fpm
12
 Solving for the belt length (L) from Design of Machine Elements by Faires (2014)

L=2 C+ 1.57 ( D2+ D1 ) +¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ L=2 ( 10.5 ) +1.57 ( 12+3 ) +¿ ¿ ¿ L=49.90∈.

Angle of Contact of Small Pulley

θd =π−2 sin ( D−d

2C )

Where:

D = Diameter of Large Pulley

θ D= Angle of Contact of Large Pulley Diameter

d = Diameter of Small Pulley

θd = Angle of Contact of Small Pulley Diameter

C = Length between the pulley centers.

θd =180−2sin
( 212−3
( 10.5 ) )

θd =179.9891 °

Angle of Contact of Small Pulley

θd =π +2 sin ( D−d
2C )
Where:

D = Diameter of Large Pulley

θ D= Angle of Contact of Large Pulley Diameter

d = Diameter of Small Pulley

θd = Angle of Contact of Small Pulley Diameter

C = Length between the pulley centers.

θd =180+2 sin
( 2(10.5)
12−3
)
θd =180.02109 °

Figure 14. Schematic Diagram of Belt and Pulley

Solving for the Rated HP

Use Type A Belt Section 51

For the small diameter correction factor, from Table 17.4

D2 12
𝐾𝑑 = 1.14 ⇒ = =4
D1 3

From Table 17.3, 𝑎 = 2.684, 𝑏 = 5.326, 𝑒 = 0.0136

[( ) ( )]( )
3 0.09 2
10 b ( Vm ) Vm
Rated Hp= a − −e
Vm K d ( D 1) 106 10 3

[ ( ) ( )](
0.09 2
Rated Hp= 2.684
103
1413.7
−
5.326
1.14 ( 3 )
−0.0136
( 1413.7 )
10
6
10
3 )
1413.7 Rated Hp=1.44 Hp
Belt

Determining the Design HP From Table 17.7 (Faires), Conveyor, AC Single Phase

Motor

Nsf =1.4−0.2 ( 8 hrs runningtime ) Nsf =1.2 Design HP=Nsf ( HP ) Design HP=1.2 ( 1 )

Design HP=1.2

Determining Adjusted HP

( D2 + D1 ) K = ( 4.5−3 ) K =0.22
K θ= θ θ
C 6.75

From Table 17.5, K θ=0.87

From Table 17.6, Using Belt A51, K L=0.94

 Adjusted HP=K θ K L ( rated hp ) Adjusted HP=0.78 ( 0.81 ) ( 1.38 ) Adjusted HP=1.17 HP

Determination of Number of Belts

Design HP 1.2
Number of Belts= Number of Belts= Number of Belt=1.02 Belt
Adjusted HP 1.17

Use 1 Belt

Determination of Width and Thickness of Belt from Table 17.14 (Faires)

N 1=1800 rpm

Design HP=1.2 HP

1
b= ∈.
2

5
t= ∈.
16

Solving for the Shaft Design

Solving for the Arc of Contact

For Smaller Pulley

(D 2−D1)
θ s=π−
C

Where:
θ s = Arc of Contact (Radius)

D2 = Diameter of Larger Pulley, 12 in.

D 1 = Diameter of Smaller Pulley, 3 in.

C = Center Distance of Pulley, 10.5 in.

(12−3)
θ s=π−
10.5

θ s=2.28 rad

Solving for the Tension Ratio of Belts

θf
F 1=F2 e

Where:

F 1 = Force on the high-tension side

F 2 = Force on the low-tension side

f = Friction factor, 0.3 (Rubber Belt)

(2.28)(0.3 )
F 1=F2 e

F 1=2.28 F2 (Eq. 1)
Solving For the Transmitted Tangential Force

63,000 HP 2
F t= ( )Where:
N2 D2

Design HP = 1.2

63,000 ( 1.2 ) 2
F t= ( )
450 12

63,000 ( 1.2 ) 2
F t= ( )
45 12

F t=28 lb .

Determination of Tension of Belt

F t=F 1−F 2

¿ F 1−F2 (Eq. 2)

28=2.28 F 2−F 2

F 2=2.28−28

F 2=25.72lb .

Cutting Components

AC MOTOR
 Figure 15. Schematic Diagram of the AC Motor connected to the blade/cutter

Solving for the Torque on the shaft

T =( F ) ( D2 )
Where:

F = Force; 332.45N

D = Diameter of the blade, based on the average size of the 2 months old tilapia while

the proponents are doing the trials. ; 1.5in = 0.038m

According to Azarmdel et al. (2021), in their study entitled, Design and Simulation

of a Vision-Based Automatic Trout Fish- Processing Robot, the maximum force to cut a

meat fish is 332.45 N.

T =( 332.45 ) ( 0.038
2 )
T =6.32 N−m

Solving for the Motor HP

T x rpm
Motor HP=
2π

Where:

According to the study of Ashwinkumar et al. (2021), “Development and Study of

Universal Fish Cutting Apparatus”, the speed of the blade required to cut the fish
smoothly is in the range of 350-550 rpm, considering the range of the speed, use 400

rpm

T = Torque; 6.32 N - m

Rpm = 400 rpm

6.32 ( 400 )
Motor HP= Motor HP=402 W =0.402kW Use 0.5 HP motor
2π

Solving for Sprocket and Chain

Figure 16. Schematic Diagram for Sprocket and Chain

Solving for Sprocket and Chain

Note: The sprockets used in rollers, counter shafts, and gear box have the same
number of teeth and pitches.
From Table 9.2 (Machine Design 2: Roller Chain Sizes by Engr. J. Francisco)
Number of teeth=16
 5
Use RC ¿ 50 , Pitch= inch
8
Solving for the Speed Ratio
T 1=T 2 =T 3 =T 4 =T 5=16 teeth

SR=1 :1
Solving for the Pitch Diameter
P
D=
180 °
sin( )
T
Where:
D = Pitch Diameter
P = Pitch
T = Number of Teeth
5
8
D=
180 °
sin sin( )
16
D=3.20 ∈¿ 82 mm
Solving for the Sprocket Center-to-Center Distance
D1
C=D2 +
2
Where,
C=Center ¿ Center Distance
D1=D2 =Pitch Diameter

3.20
C=3.20+
2
4.8 inches
C=
0.5
C=9.6 ≈ 10 Pitches
Solving for the Length of Chain in Pitches
T 2T =T 1 × Number of sprocket mounted onthe shaft
Where:
T 2T =Total Number of teeth mounted onthe shaft

T 1=Number of teeth mounted on themotor

L=Length of Chain ∈Pitches

C=Sprocket Center ¿ Center Distance
T 2T =16 × 4

T 2T =64
2
T 2 T +T 1 (T 2 T −T 1)
L=2 C+ +
2 40 (C)
2
64+16 (64−16)
L=2(10)+ +
2 40(10)
L=65.76 ≈ 66 pitches

Solving for the Number of Links

L
Number of Links=
P
Where,
L=Length of Chain ∈Pitches
P=Pitch
66
Number of Links=
5
8
Number of Links=106
Solving for the Pitch of Chain
C
PC =
L
Where:
PC = Pitch of Chain

C = Center Distance
L = Number of pitches
 10
PC =
66
PC =0.152 pitches

Solving for Chain Length (Gear Box to Shaft)

Length of Chain between Counter Shaft A and Speed Reducer
2
T +T ( T 2−T 1 )
Lc =2 c + 1 2 +
2 40C
Where:
C = Center Distance = 210 mm (based on the empirical distance with maximum
adjustment on the roller)
T 1 = Number of teeth of Roller A = 16 teeth

T 2 = Number of teeth of Roller B = 16 teeth

2
T 1+T 2 ( T 2−T 1 )
Lc =2 C+ +
2 40 C
2
16+16 ( 16−16 )
Lc =2(210)+ +
2 40(210)
Lc =436 mm=17.1654 ∈.

Solving for Chain and Sprocket (Gear Box to Shaft)

P
D 1=
Pitch Diameter = 180
sin( )
T1

Outside Diameter = DO =P ¿ ] 1

Where:
D 1 = Pitch Diameter

P = Pitch = 0.5
T 1 = Number of teeth = 16

DO = Outside Diameter
1

0.5
D 1=
180
sin( )
16
 D1=2.5629∈.

DO =0.5 ¿
1

DO =2.8137∈.
1

Solving for the Linear Speed of the Conveyor

For the Circumference of the Sprocket
C=π x Pd

Where,
C = Circumference
Pd = Pitch Diameter

C=π x 65 mm C=204.20 mm

Solving for the Linear Speed of the Conveyor

For the Circumference of the Sprocket
C=π x Pd

Where,
C = Circumference
Pd = Pitch Diameter

C=π x 82 mm C=257.61 mm
mm
Hence, the Linear Speed = 257.61
min

Solving for the Conveyor Speed

Linear Speed
Rpm=
πxD
Where,
Rpm = Conveyor Speed
D = Pitch Diameter
 m
0.25761
min
Rpm=
π x 0.065 m
Rpm=1.26 rpm
Solving for the Roller Diameter
Linear Speed x 60
Dr =
2 x π x Rpm
m
0.20420
min
Dr =
2 x π x 1.26 rpm
Dr =0.03 m

Solving for the Force of the Conveyor

F=ma
Where,
F = Force
M = load to be conveyed, the maximum mass of the 2-month-old tilapia is 45g and the
capacity of the conveyor considering the average length of the raw material which is
8cm, and the length of the conveyor which is 64 pitches = 81.28 cm. The mass of that
will be conveyed is 495g = 0.495 kg
m
A = Acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 2
s
F=0.495 x 9.81 F=4.9 N −m
Solving for the Torque
T =F x r

Where
T = torque
F = Force
pd
R=
2
T =4.9 x 0.0325 T =0.16 N−m
Solving for the motor power
 P=T x ω
Where,
P = Power
T = Torque
ω = Angular Velocity

For the Angular Velocity

2 π x rpm 2 π x 1.26
ω= ω= ω=0.13 rps
60 60
P=0.16 x 0.13
P=0.0208W

Solving for the Motor of the Gills and Innards Remover

DC MOTOR

Figure 17. Schematic Diagram of the DC motor and the Rods for Gills and Innards
Remover

Solving for the Speed

Rev
N=Desired Output (6 )
Fish

Where:

Based on the proponent’s desired output of the machine, 200 tilanggit per hour is

produced, and the speed is 6 revolutions per tilanggit.

 Tilanggit Rev
N=200 (6 )
Hour Tilanggit

Rev 1 Hour
N=1200 ×
Hour 60 Minutes

N=20 rpm

Solving for the Power of Motor

2 πTN
P=
60

Where:

According to Azarmdel et al. (2021), in their study entitled, Design and Simulation

of a Vision-Based Automatic Trout Fish- Processing Robot, the maximum required

torque for the gutting stepper motor was calculated as 0.69 N-m in the tested

processing capacities.

P=Power

T =Torque

N=Speed

2 π (0.69)(20)
P=
60
P=1.45 Watts=0.00145 kW