Design Calculation

This section describes the calculations and design work that was used in
creating the prototype. Various parameters are taken into consideration by the
researchers before starting the computation.
Solving for the Pressure Washer Specifications
Based on the study of de Oliveira, F. A. (2017), “Effect of high pressure on fish
meat quality”, the amount of water pressure to break the fish meat ranges from
200 MPa to 300 MPa.
Solving for the Water Pressure (P)
Pressure=P w gh

Where,
kg
Pw = density of water; 1000 3
m
m
g = gravitational force; 9.81 2
s
h = head; 1.5 m

Pressure=1000
kg
m (
3
m
)
9.81 2 ( 1.5 m ) Pressure=14,715 Pa
s

Solving for the Velocity (V)

Velocity=√ ❑
m
Velocity=5.43
s
Solving for the Area of the Nozzle (A)
Assuming the nozzle Diameter would be 2mm

()
2 2
D 2
Area=π Area=π Area=3.14 mm=0.0031 m
2 2

Solving for the Force of the Pressure Washer (F)

Force=P x AForce=14,715 Pa x 0.0031 Force=45.62 N
Solving for the Capacity (Q)

( )
3
m m
Capacity= A x VCapacity=0.0031 m 5.43 Capacity=0.017
s s

Solving for the Motor Power Required ( pm ¿

m
Power=F x VPower =45.62 N x 5.43 Power=247.72W =0.248 kW
s
Use 1HP motor, since the design have 3 outlet / nozzle
Solving for the Torque of Motor (T)
1HP motor specification:
N 1=1800 rpm

D1=3∈. – From Table 17.3 (Faires)

Assuming , D2=12 RRL

HP x 5252 1 x 5252
Torque= Torque= Torque=2.92 N−m
N1 1800

Solving for V-Belt

Solving for N 2, using Speed Ratio (SR)
D2 12
Speed Ratio= Speed Ratio= Speed Ratio=4
D1 3
N1 1800
N 2= N 2= N 2=450 rpm
SR 4
Solving for the center – to – center distance between the two pulleys from
Design of Machine Elements by Faires (2014)
D1 + D2 3+12
Center= + D 1 Center= +3 Center=10.5∈.
2 2
Solving the belt speed (V m ¿ from Design of Machine Elements by Faires (2014)
3
V m =π D1 N 1 V m =π 1800 V m=1413.72 fpm
12
Solving for the belt length (L) from Design of Machine Elements by Faires
(2014)
L=2 C+ 1.57 ( D2+ D1 ) +¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
Solving for the Rated HP
Use Type A Belt Section 51
For the small diameter correction factor, from Table 17.4, 𝐾𝑑 = 1.14 ⇒
D2 12
= =4
D1 3

From Table 17.3, 𝑎 = 2.684, 𝑏 = 5.326, 𝑒 = 0.0136

[( ) ( )]( ) [ ( ) (
3 0.09 2 3 0.09
10 b ( Vm ) Vm 10 5.326 ( 141
Rated Hp= a − −e 6 3
Rated Hp= 2.684 − −0.0136
Vm K d ( D 1) 10 10 1413.7 1.11 (3 ) 1

rated hp = 1.44
Determining the Design HP From Table 17.7 (Faires), Conveyor, AC Single
Phase Motor
Nsf =1.4−0.2 ( 8 hrs runningtime ) Nsf =1.2 Design HP=Nsf ( HP ) Design HP=1.2 (1 ) Design HP=1.2
Determining Adjusted HP

( D2 + D1 ) (12−3 )
K θ= K θ= K θ =0.85
C 10.5
From Table 17.5, K θ=0.87

From Table 17.6, Using Belt A51, K L=0.94

Adjusted HP=K θ K L ( rated hp ) Adjusted HP=0.78 ( 0.81 )( 1.38 ) Adjusted HP=1.17 HP

Determination of Number of Belts

Design HP 1.2
Number of Belts= Number of Belts= Number of Belt=1.02 Belt , Use 1 Belt
Adjusted HP 1.17
Determination of Width and Thickness of Belt from Table 17.14 (Faires)
N 1=1800 rpm

Design HP=1.2 HP
1
b= ∈.
2
 5
t= ∈.
16
Cutting Components
Solving for the Torque on the shaft

T =( F ) ( D2 )
Where,
F = Force; 332.45N
D = Diameter of the blade, based on the average size of the 2 months old tilapia
while the proponents are doing the trials. ; 1.5in = 0.038m
According to Azarmdel et al. (2021), in their study entitled, Design and
Simulation of a Vision-Based Automatic Trout Fish- Processing Robot, the
maximum force to cut a meat fish is 332.45 N.

T =( 332.45 ) ( 0.038
2 )
T =6.32 N−m

Solving for the Motor HP

T x rpm
Motor HP=
2π
Where,
According to the study of Ashwinkumar et al. (2021), “Development and
Study of Universal Fish Cutting Apparatus”, the speed of the blade required to
cut the fish smoothly is in the range of 350-550 rpm, considering the range of the
speed, use 400 rpm
Where
T = Torque; 6.32 N - m
Rpm = 400 rpm
6.32 ( 400 )
Motor HP= Motor HP=402W =0.402 kWUse 0.5 HP motor
2π
Solving for Sprocket and Chain
From Table 9.2 (Machine Design 2: Roller Chain Sizes by Engr. J. Francisco)
Number of teeth=16
1
Use RC ¿ 40 , Pitch= inch
2
Solving for the Speed Ratio
T 1=T 2 =T 3 =T 4 =T 5=16 teeth

SR=1 :1
Solving for the Pitch Diameter
P
D=
180 °
sin sin( )
T
Where:
D=Pitch Diameter
P=Pitch
T =Number of teeth
1
2
D=
180 °
sin sin( )
16
D=2.56∈¿ 65 mm
Solving for the Sprocket Center-to-Center Distance
D1
C=D2 +
2
Where,
C=Center ¿ Center Distance
D1=D2 =Pitch Diameter

2.56
C=2.56+
2
3.84 inches
C=
0.5
C=7.68 ≈ 8 Pitches
Solving for the Length of Chain in Pitches
T 2T =T 1 × Number of sprocket mounted onthe shaft

Where,
T 2T =Total Number of teeth mounted onthe shaft
T 1=Number of teeth mounted on themotor

L=Length of Chain ∈Pitches

C=Sprocket Center ¿ Center Distance
T 2T =16 × 4

T 2T =64

T 2 T +T 1 (T 2 T −T 1)2
L=2 C+ +
2 40 (C)
2
64 +16 (64−16)
L=2(8)+ +
2 40(8)
L=63.2 ≈ 64 pitches
Solving for the Number of Chains
L
Number of Chains=
P
Where,
L=Length of Chain ∈Pitches
P=Pitch
64
Number of Chains=
1
2
Number of Chains=128

Solving for the Pitch of Chain

C
PC =
L
Where,
PC = Pitch of Chain

C = Center Distance
L = Number of pitches
 8
PC = P =0.125 pitches
64 C

Solving for the Linear Speed of the Conveyor

For the Circumference of the Sprocket
C=π x Pd

Where,
C = Circumference
Pd = Pitch Diameter

C=π x 65 mmC=204.20 mm

Solving for the Linear Speed of the Conveyor

For the Circumference of the Sprocket
C=π x Pd

Where,
C = Circumference
Pd = Pitch Diameter

C=π x 65 mmC=204.20 mm
mm
Hence, the Linear Speed = 204.20
min

Solving for the Conveyor Speed

Linear Speed
Rpm=
πxD
Where,
Rpm = Conveyor Speed
D = Pitch Diameter
m
0.20420
min
Rpm= Rpm=0. 99 rpm
π x 0.065 m
Solving for the Roller Diameter
m
0.20420
Linear Speed x 60 min
Dr = D r= D =0.03 m
2 x π x Rpm 2 x π x 0.99 rpm r
Solving for the Force of the Conveyor
F=ma
Where,
F = Force
M = load to be conveyed, the maximum mass of the 2 month old tilapia is 45g
and the capacity of the conveyor considering the average length of the raw
material which is 8cm, and the length of the conveyor which is 64 pitches = 81.28
cm. The mass of that will be conveyed is 495g = 0.495 kg
m
A = Acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 2
s
F=0.495 x 9.81 F=4.9 N −m
Solving for the Torque
T =F x r

Where
T = torque
F = Force
pd
R=
2
T =4.9 x 0.0325 T =0.16 N−m
Solving for the motor power
P=T x ω
Where,
P = Power
T = Torque
ω = Angular Velocity
For the Angular Velocity
2 π x rpm 2 π x 0.99
ω= ω= ω=0.10 rpsP=0.16 x 0.10
60 60
P=0.016 W
Solving for the Motor of the Gills and Innards Remover
Solving for the Speed
Rev
N=Desired Output (6 )
Fish
Where,
Based on the proponent’s desired output of the machine, 200 tilanggit per hour is
produced, and the speed is 6 revolutions per tilanggit.
Tilanggit Rev
N=200 (6 )
Hour Tilanggit
Rev 1 Hour
N=1200 ×
Hour 60 Minutes
N=20 rpm
Solving for the Power of Motor
2 πTN
P=
60

Where,
According to Azarmdel et al. (2021), in their study entitled, Design and Simulation
of a Vision-Based Automatic Trout Fish- Processing Robot, the maximum
required torque for the gutting stepper motor was calculated as 0.69 N-m in the
tested processing capacities.
P=Power
T =Torque
N=Speed
2 π (0.69)(20)
P=
60
P=1.45 Watts=0.00145 kW