9

SCIENCE
Quarter 4 Week 6 - Module 6
How Heat Transfer and Energy
Transformation be Used to Do
Work

AIRs - LM
SCIENCE 9
Quarter 4 Module 6: How Heat Transfer and Energy Transformation be
Used to Do Work
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Isidro Mar S. Lales

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

You have learned previously that heat is a form of energy not inherent in a
body. It is the energy transferred from one body to another. You have also learned
that work is the measure of the flow of energy from one form to another.

This module focuses on how heat is converted to work and how work is related
to energy. It also discusses the spontaneous process of heat transfer from hot to cold
bodies. Moreover, how heat engine functions and how heat pumps operates are also
tackled.

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the following
objectives.

Learning Competency

Explain how heat transfer and energy transformation make heat engines
work. (S9FE-IVg-45)

Subtasks:

1. Distinguish the process as spontaneous or non-spontaneous process.

2. Discuss how heat pumps work.
3. Discuss the four-cycle stroke of a gasoline engine.
Pre-test
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Juana observes the waterfalls used in hydroelectric power plant. She found out
that it flows naturally that makes the turbine rotates. What makes this so?
A. Spontaneous process occurs naturally.
B. Spontaneous process needs pump to exist.
C. Spontaneous process requires work to make it possible.
D. Spontaneous process tends to flow from lower temperature to higher
temperature.

2. How does water from the deep well move upward?

A. It occurs naturally. B. It uses heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process. D. It flows from higher to lower temperature.

3. Given the following mechanisms: 1) compression 2) condensation 3) expansion

4) evaporation. Which best describes the correct sequence of the refrigeration
cycle?

A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 3, 4, 1 C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 4, 3, 1, 2

4. How does air conditioning unit function as heater during cold days and cooler
during hot days?
1. It cools the inside of the house and heats the outside.
2. It takes heat from the outside to warm the inside.

A. 1 only B. 2 only C. both 1 and 2 D. none of the two

5. What is the function of a heat engine?

A. It converts chemical energy to mechanical energy.
B. It converts thermal to mechanical energy.
C. It converts mechanical energy to chemical energy.
D. It converts thermal energy to chemical energy

6. A block of wood and a bock of metal are on a table for a long time. The block of
metal feels colder to the touch than the block of wood. Does this mean that the
metal is actually at a lower temperature than the wood?
A. Yes, because metals are colder than wood
B. Yes, because the colder the lower the temperature.
C. No, because the heat flows more readily from your hand to the metal than
to the wood.
D. No, because wood is colder than metal.

7. What is the correct sequence of a four-cycle stroke gasoline engine?

A. Intake > power > exhaust > compression
B. Intake > compression > Power > exhaust
C. Power > exhaust > compression > Intake
D. Intake > exhaust > compression > Power
 8. Of the methods by which heat may be converted to work, which is the least
practical?
A. the bicycle B. the steam engine
C. burning gases D. atomic reactor

9. What causes thermal pollution?

A. Exhaust of different vehicles B. Exhaust from different industrial engines
C. People cutting off trees D. All of them

10. What runs the engines?

A. Steam B. Gas C. Fuel D. any of the above

Lesson
1 HEAT PUMP

Have you tried placing an ice cube on your palm? What happens after some
time without removing it on your hand? In this situation, heat flows from your hand
to the ice cube. When two objects of different temperatures come in contact, heat
spontaneously flows from the object with higher temperature to the object with lower
temperature until such time that their temperatures are the same. This state is
known as thermal equilibrium and there is no further heat flow between the two
objects. From the first law of thermodynamics, heat cannot flow from a cold body to
a hot body unless you do external effort or work on the system.

Jumpstart

Activity 1: Blockbuster

Identify the terms being describe in each item. Rearrange the jumbled letters to
get the correct answer. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Is a device that reverses the direction of the heat flow. HTEA PMPU

2. Happens when heat flows from lower temperature to higher temperature. NNO
SPONENTUSAO

3. A device that changes thermal energy into mechanical work. HAET ENNESGI

4. Heat floes normally from higher temperature to lower temperature.

SANNSTOEOPU PERSSOC

5. A refrigerant with relatively low boiling point. FRNOE

 Decode the following numbers to get the hidden words. Write your answer on a
separate paper.

1) 3-15-13-16-18-5-19-19-15-18 _________________________

2) 3-15-14-4-5-14-19-5-18 _________________________

3) 18-5-6-18-9-7-5-18-1-20-9-15-14 _________________________

4) 5-24-8-1-21-19-20 19-20-18-15-11-5 _________________________

5) 9-14-20-1-11-5 19-20-18-15-11-5 _________________________

Discover

Heat Pump
An object with a high temperature is said to be ho
to to a cooler object when the
two objects are placed in contact. It is for this reason that a pot of chocolate drink
feels hot to the touch, while the scoop of an ice cream feels cold. The temperature of
hot chocolate is higher than the normal body temperature of 37°C, while the
temperature of an ice cream is lower than 37°C. When you touch a cup of hot
chocolate drink, heat flows the hotter cup into a cooler hand. When you touch a cone
of ice cream, heat again flows from hot to cold, in this case from the warmer hand
into a colder cone. The response of the nerves in the hand to the arrival or departure
of heat prompts the brain to identify the cup of chocolate drink as being hot and the
cone of an ice cream as being cold.

How can we do the reverse? A heat pump is used to reverse the process. It is
a device that allows heat to transfer from a cold reservoir to a warmer one, which
cannot happen spontaneously, or on its own. Work is required for the heat to flow
from a lower to a higher temperature. This work is provided by the motor of a heat
pump. Nonspontaneous process needs a heat pump in order to reverse the process.
Mechanical work should be applied so that heat could be transformed.

Heat flows normally from higher temperature to lower temperature. It is a

natural or spontaneous process. It does not require any external energy to occur.
When heat flows from lower temperature to higher temperature, it needs mechanical
energy to happen. It is called non-spontaneous process. In so doing, work should be
done.

Mechanical energy is required for this to happen. The Second Law of

Thermodynamics is applied here. It states that Heat will never of itself flow from a
cold temperature to a hot temperature object. The work is provided by the motor of
the heat pump.
Source: https://www.fridgefreezerdirect.co.uk/knowledgebase/latest-news/commercial-refrigeration-
101-how-does-the-refrigeration-cycle-
work#:~:text=The%20refrigeration%20cycle%20starts%20and,absorbs%20some%20of%20the%20heat

Refrigeration cycle
The refrigeration cycle starts and ends with the compressor. The refrigerant
flows into the Compressor where it is compressed and pressurised. At this point, the
refrigerant is a hot gas. The refrigerant is then pushed to the Condenser which turns
the vapour into liquid and absorbs some of the heat. The refrigerant then proceeds
to the Expansion Valve where it expands, losing pressure and heat.

The refrigerant coming out of the expansion valve is cold and slow due to the
loss of pressure. It enters the Evaporator in a liquid state where the exchange of heat
takes place thus cooling the load inside the refrigerator. As the gas cools down the
load, it absorbs the heat which turns it into a gas. The gas is then pushed back into
the Compressor where it can start the cycle again.

Heat Engines
Work can be easily transformed into heat. It is very evident when doing work.
All the work we do in overcoming friction is completely changed to heat. Example,
eating (which is a method of work due to tearing and chewing food particles) can be
completely converted into heat (which is the product of mechanical and chemical
combustion and absorption of nutrients occurred in the digestive system). Reversing
the process is impossible such as changing heat completely into work. To make it
possible, we have to convert some heat to mechanical work. This would happen only
using heat engines. Heat engine is a device that changes thermal energy into
mechanical work. How does it happen? What implication this will bring to the
environment?

A device that changes thermal energy into mechanical work is a heat engine.
A heat engine consists of a gas confined by a piston in a chamber. If the gas is heated,
it expands, making the piston moves. A practical engine is operated through cycles;
the piston has to move back and forth. When the gas has heated, the piston moves
up. When it is cooled, the piston moves downward. A cycle of heating and cooling will
move the piston up and down.

There are four cycle-stroke in a gasoline engine. In the intake stroke, the inlet
valve opens, the piston moves down as the fuel-air mixture fills in the cylinder. In
compression stroke, the piston moves up and compresses the mixture- --
adiabatically, since no heat transfer happens. The spark plug ignites the mixture
making its temperature high. Adiabatic process tends to push the piston down, thus
it is called power stroke. In exhaust stroke, the burned gases are pushed out of the
exhaust valve. The intake valve once again opens and the cycle repeats.

Explore
Activity 2: Where Do I Belong?

I. OBJECTIVE/S:
The learners should be able to distinguish the process as spontaneous
or nonspontaneous process.
II. MATERIALS:
Illustrations/ pictures of
Drying of leaves
Spoilage of food
Melting of ice
Waterfall
Breakage of egg
Rice cooking

https://all-free-download.com/free- https:fos.cmb.ac.lk/mbl/food- https://www.product.com/product-

photos/download/leaves- contamination-and-spoilage innovation-slow-melting-ice-cube/
background_201676.html

http://alwi- https://www.eggrecipes.co.uk/ways- https://www.seriouseats.c

mocind.blogspot.com/2013/09/ to-cook/general-tips/cooking- om/2019/10/the-best-
how-to-photograph-rain- tips/cooking-tips/how-crack- rice-cookers.html
drops.html?m=1
III. PROCEDURES:
1. Study the illustrations given.
2. From the illustrations above, fill in the table like this

Non-spontaneous Needs work to Reverse

Spontaneous Process
process the process

Q1. Which of them is/are spontaneous processes?

Q2. What is needed to reverse the process?

Deepen

Activity 3: Upside Down

Objective:
Discuss how heat pumps work
Materials:
Illustrations of refrigeration and air conditioning cycle

http://esaplling.blogspot.com/2016/10/refrigeration-cycle.html?m=1

Procedure:
Study the illustrations and their parts given above and answer the following
Guide Questions:
Q1. How refrigerator works?
Q2. Describe a compressor. How does it work? What gas is inside the
compressor which has low boiling point?
Q3. What happened to the hot gas produced by compression?
Q4. How condenser functions?
Q5. What happens to the pressure and heat in the evaporator?
Q6. When does the cycle repeat?
Q7. Discuss the complete cycle of how refrigerator works.
 A. How the air conditioner works?

Q8. What is the function of an air conditioning unit?

Q9. How air conditioning unit works during summer?

Q10.What is the function of the air conditioner during cold days?

Q11.What is needed to transfer heat in this device?

Activity 4:

Objective:
Discuss the four-cycle stroke of a gasoline engine
Materials:
Illustration of a four-cycle stroke engine

Procedure:
1. Study the figure below and fill in the columns of table 1.

https://owlcation.com/stem/Understanding-Why-Water-cannot-Be-used-as-a-Refrigerant

https://www.britanica.com/technology/four-stroke-cycle
 What happened to
Cycle Stroke Movement of the piston
mixture of gases?
Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust

Gauge

Multiple Choice

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Juana observes the waterfalls used in hydroelectric power plant. She found out
that it flows naturally that makes the turbine rotates. What makes this so?
A. Spontaneous process occurs naturally.
B. Spontaneous process needs pump to exist.
C. Spontaneous process requires work to make it possible.
D. Spontaneous process tends to flow from lower temperature to higher
temperature.

2. How does water from the deep well move upward?

A. It occurs naturally. B. It uses heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process. D. It flows from higher to lower temperature.

3. Given the following mechanisms: 1) compression 2) condensation 3) expansion

4) evaporation. Which best describes the correct sequence of the refrigeration
cycle?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 3, 4, 1 C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 4, 3, 1, 2

4. How does air conditioning unit function as heater during cold days and cooler
during hot days?
1. It cools the inside of the house and heats the outside.
2. It takes heat from the outside to warm the inside.

A. 1 only B. 2 only C. both 1 and 2 D. none of the two

5. What is the function of a heat engine?

A. It converts chemical energy to mechanical energy.
B. It converts thermal to mechanical energy.
C. It converts mechanical energy to chemical energy.
 D. It converts thermal energy to chemical energy

6. A block of wood and a bock of metal are on a table for a long time. The block of
metal feels colder to the touch than the block of wood. Does this mean that the
metal is actually at a lower temperature than the wood?
A. Yes, because metals are colder than wood
B. Yes, because the colder the lower the temperature.
C. No, because the heat flows more readily from your hand to the metal than
to the wood.
D. No, because wood is colder than metal.

7. What is the correct sequence of a four-cycle stroke gasoline engine?

A. Intake > power > exhaust > compression
B. Intake > compression > Power > exhaust
C. Power > exhaust > compression > Intake
D. Intake > exhaust > compression > Power

8. Of the methods by which heat may be converted to work, which is the least
practical?
A. the bicycle B. the steam engine
C. burning gases D. atomic reactor

9. What causes thermal pollution?

A. Exhaust of different vehicles B. Exhaust from different industrial engines
C. People cutting off trees D. All of them

10. What runs the engines?

B. Steam B. Gas C. Fuel D. any of the above

Modified True or False. Study each statement. Write TRUE if it is correct and if not,
change the underlined word/s to make it true.

11. Heat engine is any device that converts thermal energy into mechanical work.
12. In every heat engine, all of the heat can be converted into work.
13. Mechanical work takes place in the piston of a gasoline engine.
14. There is no ideal heat engine, making some heat exhaust in the environment.
15. Thermal pollution is brought about by the accumulated exhaustion of heat
from diesel, gasoline and industrial engines.