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Math8 q4 Week45 Hybrid Version2
Math8 q4 Week45 Hybrid Version2
8
Fourth Quarter Module 3
Week 4-5
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
i
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the
space provided before each number.
____ 1. In the figure below, 𝑙1 ‖ 𝑙2 and line 𝑡 is a transversal. Which of the following are
corresponding angles? 𝑡
A. ∠4 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠5 1 2
4 3 𝑙1
B. ∠4 and ∠5, ∠3 and ∠6
C. ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6 5 6
8 7 𝑙2
D. ∠1 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠8 𝑡
1 2
____ 2. In the figure at the right, which of the following congruence
3 4 𝑔
statements guarantee that 𝑔 ‖ ℎ?
5 6
A. ∠1 ≅ ∠7 C. ∠4 ≅ ∠5 7 8 ℎ
B. ∠3 ≅ ∠5 D. ∠4 ≅ ∠7
____ 3. Which of the following statements is ALWAYS TRUE when parallel lines are cut by a
transversal?
A. The sum of the degree measure of corresponding angles is 180°.
B. The sum of the degree measure of complementary angles is 180°.
C. Corresponding angles are congruent. 𝑡
D. The angles in vertical pair are acute. 𝑎
𝑙1
____ 4. Parallel lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 are cut by transversal 𝑡. If 𝑚∠𝑎 = 80°,
what is the measure of ∠𝑒? 𝑒
𝑔 ℎ 𝑙2
A. 5° B. 80° C. 95° D. 275°
____ 5. Given the figure at the right, what is the
measure of ∠2? 142°
A. 38° B. 58° C. 71° D. 142°
2
____ 6. Which of the following terms describes the figure at the right?
A. Perpendicular lines C. Skew lines
B. Parallel lines D. none of the above
15 30°
A. Robin Street is parallel to Nami Street.
B. Robin Street is perpendicular to Nami Street.
C. Robin Street is neither parallel nor perpendicular to Nami Street.
D. None of the above.
____ 8. Which of the following statements about Daewi and Mori Street is true?
45°
LESSON 3
In the previous lesson, you have learned about proving theorems on triangle
inequalities. Now, our goal in this lesson is to prove properties of parallel lines cut by a
transversal.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1P 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
∠1
1 2
∠2
3 4
𝑙1
∠3
∠4
∠5 5 6
∠6 7 8 𝑙2
∠7
∠8
𝑡
1 2
3 4
𝑚
1. Two lines are parallel if they never meet
1
and are always the same distance apart. 𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑒 𝑎𝑙
Both lines must be coplanar (in the same
5 6 𝑛
plane). (𝑚 ‖ 𝑛)
𝑙2 7 8
2. A line that intersects two or more lines is called transversal.
a. The angles formed by the transversal with two other lines are called.
▪ Exterior angles (∠1, ∠2, ∠7, 𝑎𝑛 ∠8)
▪ Interior angles (∠3, ∠4, ∠5, 𝑎𝑛 ∠6)
▪
The Corresponding Angles Postulate states that if a transversal POSTULATE/THEOREMS
cuts two parallel lines, their corresponding angles are congruent.
The Alternate Interior Angles Theorem states that, when two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, the resulting alternate interior angles are congruent.
The Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem states that, when two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, the resulting alternate exterior angles are congruent.
The Same Side Interior Angles Theorem states that, if two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the same side interior angles are supplementary.
The Same Side Exterior Angles Theorem states that, if two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, the exterior angles on the same side are supplementary.
Example 1:
Given: ∠𝟏 ≅ ∠2
Prove: 𝒙 ∥ 𝒛
Example 2:
Given: 𝒍 ∥ 𝒎, ∠𝟏 ≅ ∠𝟑
Prove: 𝒔 ∥ 𝒕
Illustrative Examples:
𝑎
Example 1. In the figure, 𝑚∠ = 105°. Find the measure of 𝑝
the remaining angles.
Solution: 𝑒
𝑔 ℎ 𝑞
We have 𝑚∠ = 105°, ∠ = ∠ (vertically opposite angles).
Therefore, 𝑚∠ = 105°
Now, ∠𝑎 and ∠ form a linear pair, so their sum is equal to 180°.
∠ = ∠𝑔 and ∠𝑒 = ∠ℎ (vertically opposite angles), so, 𝑚∠𝑔 = 105° and 𝑚∠ℎ = 75°
Example 2. In the figure, solve for and find the measure of the angles indicated.
A. Refer to figure 1 at the right.
Solution:
6 = 5 + 10 (Corresponding Angles Theorem)
6 5 =5 5 + 10 (subtract 5 to both sides)
= 10 ⇒ Substitute in 10 for to find each angle.
To find for the 𝑚∠1: To find for the 𝑚∠2:
6 = 6(10°) = 60° 5 + 10° = 5(10°) + 10° = 50° + 10° = 60°
B. Refer to figure 2 at the right.
Solution:
+ 100 + + 94 = 180 (supplementary angles)
2 + 194 = 180
2 + 194 194 = 180 194 (subtract 194 to both sides)
2𝑥 −14
= (divide both sides by 2)
2 2
Two lines that do not intersect are either parallel lines or skew lines. Two lines are parallel
lines if they do not intersect and are coplanar. Two lines are skew lines if they do not intersect
and are not coplanar. Also, two planes that do not intersect are parallel planes.
𝑛 Lines 𝒊 and 𝒄 are parallel lines (𝒊 ‖ 𝒄).
𝑖 Lines 𝒊 and 𝒏 are skew lines.
𝑆
Plane 𝑺 and 𝑶 are parallel planes (𝑺 ‖ 𝑶).
𝑂 Lines 𝒏 and 𝒄 are intersecting lines, and there is a
plane (not shown) containing them.
Small directed triangles, as shown on lines 𝑖 and above, are used to show that lines are
parallel. The symbol ‖ means “is parallel to”, as in 𝑖 ‖ .
Segments and rays are parallel if they in parallel lines. A line is parallel to a plane if the line is
in a plane parallel to the given plane. In the diagram above, line is parallel to plane 𝑂.
1. Think of each segment in the figure at the right as part of a line. Which line(s) or
plane(s) in the figure appear to fit the description?
⃡ and containing point 𝐼.
a. Line(s) parallel to 𝑅𝑂
Solution:
⃡ , 𝑁𝑆
a. 𝐼𝐴 ⃡ , and 𝐿𝐷
⃡ all appear parallel to 𝑅𝑂
⃡ , but only 𝐼𝐴
⃡ contains point 𝐼.
⃡ and 𝐼𝑁
b. Both 𝐼𝑆 ⃡ appear skew to 𝑅𝑂⃡ and containing point 𝐼.
c. Plane 𝐼𝐴𝑅 appears parallel to plane 𝐿𝐷𝑆 and contains point 𝐼.
Two lines that intersect to form right angles are said to be perpendicular. Line segments and
rays can also be perpendicular. A perpendicular bisector of a line segment is a line or a ray
or another line segment that is perpendicular to the line segment and intersects it at its
midpoint. The distance between two parallel lines is the perpendicular distance between one
of the lines and any point on the other line.
𝑅
Perpendicular
Perpendicular distance
between the parallel lines
90° 𝑆 𝑂 𝐴
Perpendicular bisector
(𝑆𝑂 ≅ 𝑂𝐴)
The small rectangle drawn on intersecting lines indicates a “right angle.” The ⊥ symbol
indicates perpendicularity of lines as in 𝑆𝐴⊥𝑅𝑂.
To prove that two lines are perpendicular, you must show that one of the following theorems
is true:
1. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form four right angles.
𝑝
If 𝑝 ⊥ 𝑞, then ∠1, ∠2, ∠3, and ∠4
1 2 are right angles.
3 4 𝑞
2. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines containing their sides are
perpendicular.
1 2 If ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair
and ∠1 ≅ ∠2, then ⊥ .
3 4
3. If two angles are adjacent and complementary, the non-common sides are perpendicular.
PARALLEL 𝐴 𝐷
AND PERPENDICULAR LINES
𝑖
𝑅 𝑚
Mathematics 8 │ Quarter 4 • Module 3
𝑎 8
Two lines in the same plane are either parallel or intersect in a point.
Through a point not on a line, there are infinitely many lines. Exactly
one of these lines is parallel to the given line, and exactly one of them
is perpendicular to the given line.
▪
Parallel Postulate POSTULATES
If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is 𝑅
exactly one line through the point parallel to the given line.
There is exactly one lie through 𝑅 parallel to 𝑎. 𝑎
Perpendicular Postulate 𝑅
If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is
exactly one line through the point perpendicular to the
given line. 𝑎
There is exactly one lie through 𝑅 perpendicular to 𝑎.
Illustrative Examples:
a. ⃡𝑅𝐼 ‖ 𝑂𝐽
⃡ ⃡ ⊥ 𝐴𝑅
b. 𝑂𝐽 ⃡
⃡ is not parallel to 𝑇𝑁
c. 𝑅𝐼 ⃡ , because 𝑂𝐽⃡ is parallel to 𝑅𝐼
⃡ and by Parallel Postulate there is
⃡ through 𝑂.
exactly one line parallel to 𝑅𝐼
Activity 3 │A. Directions: Refer to the figure at the right. Answer the following:
a. Name all the pairs of parallel segments.
!!!
b. Name two segments skew to 𝐸𝑍.
𝐼 𝐾 𝐼
𝐴
𝑅
𝐸 𝑅 𝐴
𝐾 𝐼 𝑁
The Corresponding Angles Postulate states that if a transversal cuts two parallel lines, their
corresponding angles are congruent.
The Alternate Interior Angles Theorem states that, when two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, the resulting alternate interior angles are congruent.
The Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem states that, when two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, the resulting alternate exterior angles are congruent.
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the
space provided before each number.
Use the diagram of parallel lines cut by a transversal to answer questions 1- 5.
1 2
3 5 + 35°
5 6
45° 8
____ 1. What is the measure of ∠8?
A. 45° B. 145° C. 55° D. 135°
____ 2. What is the measure of ∠3?
* http://bit.ly/Math8Quarter4Module3LetsEvaluate *
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score
after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as a proof to
your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the internet!
B. Refer Figure 2.
1. How many planes are shown in this figure?
Are you ready to apply what you’ve learned from this module?
If no, review the lessons until you are ready. If yes, answer the remaining activity online! You can use
cell phone, laptop or desktop. Make sure you are connected to the internet.
Instructions:
1. Go to http://bit.ly/Math8Quarter4Module3LetsExtend
2. Start answering the questions.
3. After the first question, do not click anything. The next question will appear after.
4. Once done, take a screenshot of your quiz score and show it to your teacher.
References
https://www.math10.com/en/tests/angles/angles-test.html;
https://www.homeschoolmath.net/teaching/g/parallel_and_perpendicular.php;
https://static.bigideasmath.com/protected/content/pe/hs/sections/geo_pe_03_03.pdf;
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