Kafrelsheikh University Second Year

Faculty of Engineering Fluid Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering Nov. , 2013

Chapter 2: Fluid Pressure and Hydrostatic Force

Assignment #3

1. The underground gasoline storage tank illustrated in Figure 3.1 has developed a leak such
that water has entered the tank as shown. For the dimensions given, determine the hydrostatic
pressure at the following points:
(a) The water–gasoline interface
(b) The base of the tank
(c) The free surface of the gasoline

Figure 3.1 Schematic of Problem #1

2. Determine the pressure difference between points A and B in Figure 3.2. What might cause
such a pressure difference in a horizontal tube?

Page 1 of 8 Dr. Maher Abou Al-Sood M. M. Abou Al-Sood

 Figure 3.2 Schematic of Problem #2

3. In Figure 3.3 all the fluids are at room temperature and the pressure in reservoir A is 120 kPa.
The specific gravity of Meriam Red manometer oil is 0.827, and the density of the brine is
1.18 g/cm3. Calculate the pressure in reservoir B

Figure 3.3 Schematic of Problem #3

4. Figure 3.4 shows a micro-manometer that can be used to measure small pressure differences
in gases. Notice that the device has two working fluids, which are selected so that the density
of fluid two is slightly greater than that for fluid one. Derive an expression for the
relationship between h and P = PA − PB. Assume that the reservoirs are large enough that
H remains constant. What two working fluids would you recommend for this application?
Why?

Page 2 of 8 Dr. Maher Abou Al-Sood M. M. Abou Al-Sood

 Figure 3.4 Schematic of Problem #4

5. Determine the density of the fluid on the right in Figure 3.5 such that the net hydrostatic
force on the rectangular gate is zero.

Figure 3.5 Schematic of Problem #5

6. Consider the fluid container shown in Figure 3.6. Determine the total hydrostatic force on
gate A. What is the total hydrostatic force on gate B? Assume the structure has a width of 2
m

Page 3 of 8 Dr. Maher Abou Al-Sood M. M. Abou Al-Sood

 Figure 3.6 Schematic of Problem #6

7. Consider the gate shown in Figure 3.7. For what water height H is the gate in equilibrium?
Assume the gate has negligible mass, a width of 1 ft, and that θ = 45°.

Figure 3.6 Schematic of Problem #6

8. Consider the fluid tank shown in Figure 3.8. Calculate the total hydrostatic force per unit
width on gate A. Do you think the corresponding total force on gate B will be higher or lower
than that on gate A? Why?

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 Figure 3.8 Schematic of Problem #8

9. A water heater company produces tanks with the designs shown in Figure 3.9. Calculate the
total hydrostatic force on the base of tank A given that the water temperature is 40°C and the
radius of the hemispherical base is 25 cm. Will the total hydrostatic force on the base of tank
B be higher or lower than that for tank A? Why?

Figure 3.9 Schematic of Problem #9

10. Consider the geometry shown in Figure 3.10. The cube center is level with the surface of the
liquid
(a) If the mass M is 300 kg, calculate the density of the cube.
(b) For the density calculated in part a, will the cube float or sink if the mass is removed? If
it floats, is it stable? Why or why not?
(c) Repeat part a, but this time let the partially submerged object be spherical, with its center
level with the surface of the liquid
(d) Repeat part b for the spherical object investigated in part
(e) Repeat part a, but this time let the center line of the cube be located 3 m below the surface
of the liquid

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 Figure 3.10 Schematic of Problem #10

11. A solid cube of material with a density of 1.040 g/cm3 and a volume of 1 cm3 is stable at the
water–glycerin interface shown in Figure .11. Determine the distance between the top of the
block and the water–glycerin interface.

Figure 3.11 Schematic of Problem #11

12. Figure 3.12 shows an undersea structure with a shape that can be approximated as one
half of a cylinder. If the ocean floor is 40 m below the surface, estimate the total surface
force acting on this structure.

Figure 3.12 Schematic of Problem #12

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13. It is proposed to use a U-shaped glass tube filled with mercury as a simple accelerometer as
shown in Figure 3.13. What range of acceleration can be measured?

Figure 3.13 Schematic of Problem #13

14. A cubical container of water with an edge dimension of 2 m rests on the floor of an elevator.
(a) If the upward acceleration is 4 m/s2, calculate the absolute and gauge pressure at the
bottom of the tank.
(b) What acceleration is required to give a gage pressure at the bottom of the tank of 0 kPa?

15. The tank of fluid shown in Figure 3.14 is experiencing a constant acceleration to the right
(a) Calculate the magnitude of ax if the fluid in the tank is glycerin.
(b) For the acceleration found in part a, determine the location and magnitude of the
maximum pressure in the tank.
(c) Calculate the magnitude of ax if the fluid in the tank is water.

Figure 3.14 Schematic of Problem #15

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16. At a garage sale you purchase an ancient piece of stereo equipment known as a turntable.
When the turntable is installed in your living room, you decide to place a partially filled glass
of water (h = 20 cm, d = 8 cm) on the center of the rotating surface.
(a) If an angular velocity of 33 1/3 rpm raises the level of the water to the rim of the cup
as shown in Figure 3.15, what was the height of the water in the cup when the fluid
was at rest?
(b) Determine the location and magnitude of the maximum pressure in this rotating fluid.

d =8 cm

h = 20 cm

N=33 rpm

Figure 3.15 Schematic of Problem #16

Page 8 of 8 Dr. Maher Abou Al-Sood M. M. Abou Al-Sood