S1C6_DIFF.

EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

First Order Linear Differential Equation

dy
1. Arrange the differential equation to the form of
dx
()
+ f x y=g x ()
()
2. Get f x & g x ()
3. Integrating factor: e ∫ ( )
f x dx

4. Multiply both side with e ∫ ( )

f x dx

5. Integrating both side with respect to x

Example8(Pg243)
dy
Find the general solution to the differential equation x + 2x 2 = y
dx

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example9(Pg244)
dy
Find the general solution to the differential equation = x −2y
dx

Ex6.3 (Pg245)

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Transformation, of Differential Equation Into One with Separable Variables /

One which is Linear
• variables are separable can be reduced to the separable forms by a
suitable substitution

Example10(Pg245)
Solve the differential equation dy + x 2 y = − y
dx x

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example11(Pg246)
dy y 3 − x 2 y
Solve the differential equation =
dx x 3 + xy 2

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example12(Pg247)
dy x + y + 5
If v = x + y , show that the equation = can be reduced to
dx x + y − 3
dv 2 ( v +1)
=
dx v − 3 , and hence solve the equation

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example13(Pg247)
dy y du u
By writing u = 1 , reduce the equation 2 − = y 3 to + = −1
y2 dx x dx x
Hence solve the differential equation

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Ex6.4 (Pg248)

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Problems Modelled by Differential Equations

a. Growth rate without constraints-the rate of growth of a
quantity, x, is proportional to the quantity present at the time t
dx
is modelled by = rx where r is the growth rate
dt
For example the rate of saving in a bank where interest is
compounded continuously at r% can be modelled by dx = rx
dt
However for a saving with a constant withdraw, w, or deposit, d,
being made, the rate of saving can be modelled by differential
equation dx = rx + d or dx = rx − w respectively
dt dt

b. Growth rate with constraints-for population growth with

bounds like space constraints, food, weather and etc. an
dx
appropriate model is = r ( N − x ) where N is the maximum
dt
quantity of the population
c. The rate of increase of a population due to birth is αx and the
rate of decrease due to death is βx2 can be modelled by the
dx
differential equation = α x − β x 2 where x is the population at
dt
time t.
d. The rate of change of marginal cost producing x items of a
product is dx = c where c is a constant and t is the time
dt x t

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example14(Pg250)
The marginal sales, (in hundred of ringgit), of a company that sells
handphone satisfy the differential equation dy = 10e 0.2 x , where x is the
number of months the company started sales.dxInitially the sale is 0.
(a) Find an expression for the marginal sales, y.
(b) Find the sales after 6 months
(c) Find the sales after 12 months

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example15(Pg250)
A manufacturer of electronic equipment requires a certain rare metal which
has a reserve supply of 100000 units. The rate at which the metal is used by
dx
the manufacturer is given by = 1000e 0.02t where x is the number of rare
dt
metal and t is the time in years.
(a) Find the amount of metal used after 3 years
(b) How long will it be before the supply is used up?

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example16(Pg251)
A firm has invested in A new machinery which will produce a saving rate of
dS
= 64 − t 2 where S is the savings in thousands of ringgit and t is the number
dt
of years the machinery has been in used. The rate of additional cost to the
company due to the new machinery is expected to be dC = t 2 + 5t −11 where C
dt
is the cost in thousands of ringgit.
For how many years should the company use the new machinery?
What will be the next savings in thousands of ringgit be over this period?

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example17(Pg252)
Mr Chin deposited RM500000 into a bank that gives a 5% interest to be
compounded continuously. Assuming that he does not put in or withdraw
any money, write a differential equation to express the amount of money, x,
in terms of the time, t (years). Hence, find the amount of money he has after
10 years.
After 10 years, Mr Chin decides to give out a yearly scholarship of RM100000.
write a differential equation to express the amount of money, x in terms of
the time, t (years), assuming he does not put in any money and the interest
rate remains the same.
Hence, determine how many years can he use his deposit in the bank to fund
the scholarship program

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example18(Pg253)
The rate at which a rumor spreads is proportional to the number of people
who have heard it over a period of time. If x is the number of people who
have heard the rumor and t is the time in days, write down a differential
equation that describe the rate at which the rumor spreads.
Given that x=1 when t=0 and x=173 when t=12, find the value of the
proportion constant in the differential equation, correct to 2 decimal places
of accuracy. Hence, determine the number of rumors after 9 days.

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S1C6_DIFF.EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS M 950 EMILYNGAN

Example19(Pg254)
A certain fish farm can breed not more than 8000 tilapia fish. There are 200
tilapia fish in the farm at present, and the growth rate is 0.12 fish per month.
(a) Write a differential equation for the growth rate of this population of fish
(b) Solve the differential equation and sketch the solution curve
(c) What will be the number of tilapia fish after 15 months?

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Ex6.5 (Pg255)

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