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Textbook Advanced Icd 10 For Physicians Including Workers Compensation and Personal Injury 1St Edition Eugene Fukumoto Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Advanced Icd 10 For Physicians Including Workers Compensation and Personal Injury 1St Edition Eugene Fukumoto Ebook All Chapter PDF
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Advanced ICD-10 for
Physicians Including
Worker’ s Compensation
and Personal Injury
Advanced ICD-10 for
Physicians Including
Worker’ s Compensation
and Personal Injury
By
Eugene Fukumoto
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to
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Preface................................................................................................................ xi
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................... xiii
Other Books by Eugene Fukumoto............................................................... xv
Disclaimer....................................................................................................... xvii
1 Chapter One........................................................................................ 1
Introduction to ICD-10, Including Worker’ s Compensation and Personal
Injury................................................................................................................... 1
ICD-10.............................................................................................................. 2
Reasons to Avoid Relying on GEM Software............................................. 2
2 Chapter Two........................................................................................ 5
Structural Overview of the ICD-10-CM Book.................................................... 5
Code Structure Basics......................................................................................... 6
Using ICD-10 Overview...................................................................................... 6
3 Chapter Three..................................................................................... 9
Components of ICD-10 and Their Usage........................................................... 9
External Causes............................................................................................. 12
Combination Codes....................................................................................... 12
Specialty Crosswalk Enclosed................................................................... 13
Instructional Notations...............................................................................14
Secondary Only Diagnosis Edits...............................................................15
Z Codes and Their Importance in Worker’ s Compensation and Personal
Injury..................................................................................................................16
A Basic Seven-Step Process for Diagnostic Coding..........................................17
A Basic Seven-Step Process Case Example...................................................... 18
4 Chapter Four..................................................................................... 21
Overview of Six-Category System for Injury Coding....................................... 21
Six-Category System: Step-by-Step Process...................................................... 26
Category 1: Find the Correct Z Code........................................................... 26
Category 2: Find the Correct Health Condition Code(s).............................. 27
Category 3: Find the Correct External Cause Code(s) ................................. 28
Category 4: Find the Correct Place of Occurrence Code............................ 30
v
vi ◾ Contents
Head/Neck.................................................................................................... 50
Sore Throat................................................................................................ 50
Headache....................................................................................................51
Eye (Vision) Problems............................................................................... 52
Upper Extremity............................................................................................ 53
Shoulder Pain............................................................................................ 53
Elbow Pain................................................................................................ 54
Chest.............................................................................................................. 54
Chest Pain.................................................................................................. 54
Common Respiratory Problems................................................................ 55
Abdomen....................................................................................................... 57
Abdominal Pain......................................................................................... 57
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)................................................................ 58
Dialysis Status............................................................................................ 59
Spine.............................................................................................................. 59
Back Pain................................................................................................... 59
Subluxation................................................................................................ 60
Neck Pain.................................................................................................. 60
Pelvis...............................................................................................................61
Rectal Pain and Bleeding...........................................................................61
Urinary Tract Infection, Site Not Specified N39.0.....................................61
Prostatitis................................................................................................... 62
Testicular Pain........................................................................................... 62
Lower Extremity............................................................................................ 63
Knee Pain.................................................................................................. 63
Generalized................................................................................................... 64
Cardiovascular System............................................................................... 64
Neurology.................................................................................................. 66
Neuro/Psychiatry........................................................................................67
General Pain.............................................................................................. 68
Diabetes..................................................................................................... 68
Obesity....................................................................................................... 69
Malnutrition............................................................................................... 70
Hyperlipidemia.......................................................................................... 70
Dermatitis and Skin Related...................................................................... 71
Oncology................................................................................................... 72
Women’ s Health.........................................................................................74
Other Conditions....................................................................................... 76
7 Chapter Seven................................................................................... 79
Worker’s Compensation, Personal Injury, and Drug or Chemical Induced
Diabetes............................................................................................................. 79
Diabetes Mellitus Discussion............................................................................ 80
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium............... 82
viii ◾ Contents
Use of Flowcharts.......................................................................................... 82
Diabetes Flowcharts ...................................................................................... 83
ICD-10-CM Draft Release Expert Edition: Diabetes Mellitus Section������� 128
8 Chapter Eight.................................................................................. 139
Worker’ s Compensation and Personal Injury Billing Guide..........................139
Code Extensions for External Cause Code.................................................139
Coding Injuries.............................................................................................140
Coding of Traumatic Fractures....................................................................141
Injury Coding Can Be a Big Challenge.......................................................141
Place of Occurrence and Activity Codes.....................................................141
Encounter Codes..........................................................................................142
Using the Crosswalk�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������143
Personal Injury Example Case 1 .................................................................143
Worker’ s Compensation Example Case 2...................................................144
Worker’ s Compensation Example Case 3...................................................148
Seventh-Character Codes for Fracture����������������������������������������������������150
Billing for Physical Therapy.........................................................................150
Procedure.................................................................................................153
Billing for Injections.....................................................................................154
Arthrocentesis...........................................................................................155
Billing for X-Rays.........................................................................................156
Billing for Minor Surgical Procedures.........................................................157
Worker’ s Compensation and Personal Injury Patients............................159
Commonly Used Diagnosis Codes..................................................................159
Abdominal Pain: ICD-10 Category R10.......................................................159
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Worker’ s Compensation and Personal
Injury............................................................................................................160
Psychological Discussion.............................................................................160
9 Chapter Nine....................................................................................163
Cumulative Trauma..........................................................................................163
Compensable Consequences versus Cumulative Trauma...............................165
10 Chapter Ten.....................................................................................167
Causation and Apportionment in Worker’s Compensation and Personal
Injury................................................................................................................167
Causation......................................................................................................167
Apportionment.........................................................................................167
11 Chapter Eleven.................................................................................171
Dilemma of the Independent Medical Evaluator (The Law of
Unintended Consequences).............................................................................171
Overview for Independent Medical Evaluators..............................................172
Contents ◾ ix
12 Chapter Twelve................................................................................175
Multi-Specialty Discussions..............................................................................175
Whiplash Injury Case...................................................................................175
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................175
Depression: The Leading Cause of Disability Worldwide..........................177
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................178
ICD-10 and Pain Coding............................................................................. 180
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10......................................................... 180
Pain Management Case............................................................................... 186
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10......................................................... 186
Diagnosis Coding.....................................................................................187
Adverse Effects of Medication.....................................................................190
Codes........................................................................................................190
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................191
Final Coding.............................................................................................192
Orthopedic Examination with Emphasis on Apportionment and How
ICD-10 Helps................................................................................................192
Coding......................................................................................................193
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................194
Medical-Legal Sleep Disorder Evaluation....................................................194
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................195
Discussion....................................................................................................195
ICD-10: Waiting for the Other Shoe to Drop..............................................195
Orthopedic Independent Medical Evaluation: Complicated by Staph
Infection following Surgery.........................................................................197
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................198
Orthopedic Independent Medical Evaluation Involving Surgical Coding....198
How a Provider Might Use ICD-10..........................................................199
Appendix............................................................................................... 201
Index..................................................................................................... 271
Preface
The implementation of ICD-10 is the biggest change that Eugene Fukumoto has
seen in over 30 years of billing and coding. It will be a continuing challenge
to make this transition. It is very important that providers understand that their
documentation is key and that they have to know that their documentation must
support claims submitted.
The changes in ICD-10 are especially daunting for Worker’ s Compensation
and Personal Injury because of the specific knowledge of injury codes required,
as well as the medical-legal complications.
There are conflicting statements in ICD-10. On the one hand, there is a state-
ment that there is no national mandatory ICD-10 External Cause reporting, unless
it is required per state-based reporting mandate. On the other hand, many of
the ICD-10 codes, such as sprains, are S codes, which by definition are External
Cause codes.
We don’ t know how claims will be processed, but it is very important that
providers be aware of these conflicting statements. Med-legal issues will probably
require case law for resolution.
Eugene Fukumoto has spent most of his career in medical billing and collect-
ing. As we transition into ICD-10, he saw a need to train doctors and their staff
on how to get the bill “ out the door.” That is the purpose of this book, to help
your entire staff understand ICD-10 and how it is used with CPT codes, the CMS
Form 1500, and the documentation in the patient’s status.
Once you go through the step-by-step process, the Six-Category System, and
work with Eugene’ s examples, it will make it very clear. Eugene and his team are
here to help you beyond the book, as well, with online training, blogs, and other
tools.
The intention is to give you a credible book with a simple system to make the
actual billing process easier.
Simply put, what Eugene is trying to accomplish here is to help you “ get the
bill out the door” !
Dr. Donna Meeks
Dr. Dan Farris
xi
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the following people for their support and contri-
butions to this book.
xiii
Other Books by
Eugene Fukumoto
xv
Disclaimer
The purpose of this book is to educate the physician, as well as the billing
and coding staff, on ICD-10, so that they can properly document all necessary
information to accurately and thoroughly complete the billing process. Also, it
is intended to give the physician an understanding of the proper implementa-
tion of ICD-10 and the possible repercussions of improper coding regarding
all insurance billing, including Medicare, Group Insurance, HMOs, Worker’ s
Compensation, and Personal Injury.
The ICD-10-CM Draft Release is not complete and is still evolving. This is
another reason why you should be cautious about using the free ICD-9 to ICD-10
crossover packages. There are 21 sections now in ICD-10 and it is being revised
as we speak, so you may be able to use a free crossover today, and next week it
will be different.
This book was prepared as a service to the providers and billing and cod-
ing staff and is not intended to grant rights or impose obligations. This book
may contain references or links to statutes, regulations, or other policy materials.
The information provided is only intended to be a general summary. It is not
intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. We encourage
readers to review the specific statutes, regulations, and other interpretive materi-
als for a full and accurate statement of their contents.
xvii
Chapter 1
Chapter One
1
2 ◾ Advanced ICD-10 for Physicians
ICD-10
The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th
Revision, is a coding system developed and maintained by the World Health
Organization. The purpose of this code set is to serve as a tool for the clas-
sification of morbidity data for indexing medical records, medical care review,
as well as a basis for health statistics. ICD-10-CM is the United States’ Clinical
Modification of the World Health Organization’ s ICD-10.
Annual modifications are made to ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM by the
Coordination and Maintenance Committee (C&M). The Committee is made up of
representatives from two Federal Government Agencies, the National Center for
Health Statistics and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Everyone
who is covered by the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability
Act (HIPAA) must to use ICD-10 , not just those who submit Medicare and/or
Medicaid claims.
The change in title from “ International Classification of Diseases” to
“ International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems” shows that
the scope of the classification has moved beyond the classification of disease and
injuries to the coding of ambulatory care conditions and risk factors frequently
encountered in primary care. Please note that V codes and E codes in ICD-9 are
no longer supplemental, nor optional. They have been modified and incorpo-
rated into the main body of ICD-10 in Chapters 19 and 20.
One of the fundamental goals of ICD-10 is to provide greater Data Granularity.
Granularity means a greater level of detail to support improved clinical outcomes
and more cost-effective disease management.
It also means that providers must document at a level to support the
Granularity. Billing and support staff must have the appropriate level of docu-
mentation in order to meet the increased coding requirements. This includes
proper injury coding for Worker’ s Compensation and Personal Injury.
It is important to understand that the ICD-10 coding system was not designed
with the U.S. Health Care Reimbursement system in mind. This means that many
compatibility issues exist. It is like trying to fit a square peg into a round hole at
certain times when using ICD-10 for billing purposes. We have created a 6 Category
System that helps handle these incompatibilities when dealing with Injury Coding.
Chapter Two
5
6 ◾ Advanced ICD-10 for Physicians
Please note that the above codes start with an S, thus indicating a condition
as a result of injury. Similar diagnoses also exist under the M codes, which do not
necessarily imply injury.
____ ____ ____ . ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ . ____ ____ ____ ____
The first character in ICD-10 is always a letter. The second is always a num-
ber. The third character can be alpha or numeric. There is a period after the third
character if there are more than three characters. Characters after the first three can
be alpha or numeric. If a code requiring a seventh character is not six characters in
length, then a placeholder, X, must be used to fill the empty character fields.
For example, S33.8XXA— Sprain of other parts of lumbar spine and pel-
vis— Active Care:
The first character can use any letter with the exception of U, which is cur-
rently not used, but may be in the future. The use of an alpha character means
that there can be up to 26 characters instead of just 10 when using numeric
codes.
ICD-9 and ICD-10 both have a Table of Contents. In ICD-9, the Table shows a
Tabular List of 17 diseases and two supplemental classifications: V codes and E
codes.
In ICD-10, there are 21 disease classifications listed, which incorporate ICD-9
V codes and E codes. “ External caused injuries” and “ external causes of morbid-
ity” (ICD-9 E codes) are concentrated in Chapters 19 and 20 in ICD-10. Factors
Influencing Health Status (ICD-9 V codes) are concentrated in Chapter 20.
2. There are over 400 instances where a single ICD-9 code can map to more
than 50 ICD-10 codes.*
3. There are over 200 instances where a single ICD-9 code can map to more
than 100 ICD-10 codes.*
4. ICD-10 represents an increase of over 700% in the number of codes versus
ICD-9.
5. Medical records may not contain the necessary information to properly
choose the correct ICD-10 code(s).
Note: *These statistics were published by the CMS, April 2013 in an article
"General Equivalence Mapping Frequently Asked Questions."
Example in coding:
ICD-9 Description
846.0 Lumbosacral (Joint) (Ligament) Sprain
The ICD-10 Alphabetic Index directs you to an S code. S codes are used for
Injury, Poisoning and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes. In effect,
you are directed to the ICD-9 equivalent of an E code.
It should be noted that ICD-10 has a separate Alphabetic Index to External
Causes. A review of this index shows that there are no direct references to S
codes. Rather, you are directed to the circumstances of an accident (for example,
a motorcycle collision), which are specified by Y and V codes, which further
describe the circumstances of the injury.
Whenever an S code is assigned, you should also have an external cause of
morbidity ‘Y’ code, which are found in Chapter 20.
The lack of a one-to-one relationship should be a red flag that using a simple
crosswalk tool will not allow you to understand ICD-10.
Chapter 3
Chapter Three
9
10 ◾ Advanced ICD-10 for Physicians
It is important that the doctor indicates the severity of the condition, as office
staff may need this information in order to properly code and bill.
For cases where the doctor is uncertain of the specificity of the Axis of
Classification, the ICD-10 uses the fourth character to state this. An 8 is used to
signify “ other specified,” and 9 is used to signify “ unspecified.”
For example:
By Professor Wilson.