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George Bebis et al. (Eds.)
LNCS 8887
Advances in
Visual Computing
10th International Symposium, ISVC 2014
Las Vegas, NV, USA, December 8–10, 2014
Proceedings, Part I
123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8887
Commenced Publication in 1973
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen
Editorial Board
David Hutchison
Lancaster University, UK
Takeo Kanade
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Josef Kittler
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Jon M. Kleinberg
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Friedemann Mattern
ETH Zurich, Switzerland
John C. Mitchell
Stanford University, CA, USA
Moni Naor
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
C. Pandu Rangan
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Germany
Demetri Terzopoulos
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Doug Tygar
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Gerhard Weikum
Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany
George Bebis Richard Boyle Bahram Parvin
Darko Koracin Ryan McMahan Jason Jerald
Hui Zhang Steven M. Drucker
Chandra Kambhamettu Maha El Choubassi
Zhigang Deng Mark Carlson (Eds.)
Advances in
Visual Computing
10th International Symposium, ISVC 2014
Las Vegas, NV, USA, December 8-10, 2014
Proceedings, Part I
13
Volume Editors
George Bebis, E-mail: bebis@cse.unr.edu
Richard Boyle, E-mail: richard.boyle@nasa.gov
Bahram Parvin, E-mail: parvin@hpcrd.lbl.gov
Darko Koracin, E-mail: darko@dri.edu
Ryan McMahan, E-mail: rymcmaha@utdallas.edu
Jason Jerald, E-mail: jason@nextgeninteractions.com
Hui Zhang, E-mail: huizhang@iu.edu
Steven M. Drucker, E-mail: sdrucker@microsoft.com
Chandra Kambhamettu, E-mail: chandrak@udel.edu
Maha El Choubassi, E-mail: choubassi@gmail.com
Zhigang Deng, E-mail: zdeng4@uh.edu
Mark Carlson, E-mail: mark.t.carlson@gmail.com
ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349

ISBN 978-3-319-14248-7 e-ISBN 978-3-319-14249-4
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14249-4
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957412
LNCS Sublibrary: SL 6 – Image Processing, Computer Vision,

Pattern Recognition, and Graphics
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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Preface
It is with great pleasure that we present the proceedings of the 10th Interna-
tional Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2014) held in Las Vegas, Nevada,
USA. ISVC provides a common umbrella for the four main areas of visual com-
puting including vision, graphics, visualization, and virtual reality. The goal is to
provide a forum for researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners through-
out the world to present their latest research findings, ideas, developments, and
applications in the broader area of visual computing.
This year, the program consisted of 12 oral sessions, one poster session, six
special tracks, and six keynote presentations. The response to the call for papers
was very good; we received over 280 submissions for the main symposium from
which we accepted 74 papers for oral presentation and 55 papers for poster pre-
sentation. Special track papers were solicited separately through the Organizing
and Program Committees of each track. A total of 39 papers were accepted for
oral presentation in the special tracks.
All papers were reviewed with an emphasis on potential to contribute to the
state of the art in the field. Selection criteria included accuracy and originality
of ideas, clarity and significance of results, and presentation quality. The review
process was quite rigorous, involving two to three independent blind reviews
followed by several days of discussion. During the discussion period we tried
to correct anomalies and errors that might have existed in the initial reviews.
Despite our efforts, we recognize that some papers worthy of inclusion may have
not been included in the program. We offer our sincere apologies to authors
whose contributions might have been overlooked.
We wish to thank everybody who submitted their work to ISVC 2014 for
review. It was because of their contributions that we succeeded in having a
technical program of high scientific quality. In particular, we would like to
thank the ISVC 2014 area chairs, the organizing institutions (UNR, DRI, LBNL,
and NASA Ames), the industrial sponsors (BAE Systems, Intel, Ford, Hewlett
Packard, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Toyota, General Electric), the in-
ternational Program Committee, the special track organizers and their Program
Committees, the keynote speakers, the reviewers, and especially the authors who
contributed their work to the symposium. In particular, we would like to express
our appreciation to MERL and Drs. Jay Thornton and Mike Jones for sponsoring
of the “best” paper award this year.
We believe hope that ISVC 2014 offered will offer opportunities for pro-
fessional growth and hope the participants had a pleasant time in Las Vegas,
Nevada.
October 2014 George Bebis

ISVC’14 Steering Committee Chair
Organization
ISVC 2014 Steering Committee

Bebis George University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Boyle Richard NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Parvin Bahram Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
Koracin Darko Desert Research Institute, USA
ISVC 2014 Area Chairs

Computer Vision
Kambhamettu Chandra University of Delaware, USA
El Choubassi Maha Intel, USA
Computer Graphics
Zhigang Deng University of Houston, USA
Carlson Mark DreamWorks Animation, USA
Virtual Reality
McMahan, Ryan University of Texas at Dallas, USA
Jerald, Jason NextGen Interactions, USA
Visualization
Zhang Hui Indiana University, USA
Drucker Steven Microsoft, USA
Publicity
Erol Ali ASELSAN, Turkey
Local Arrangements
Regentova Emma University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Special Tracks
Wang Junxian Microsoft, USA
VIII Organization
ISVC 2014 Keynote Speakers

Gopi Meenakshisundaram University of California, Irvine, USA
Bernd Froehlich Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany
Melanie Tory University of Victoria, Canada
Rama Chellappa University of Maryland, USA
Arun Ross Michigan State University, USA
Luc Vincent Google, USA
ISVC 2014 International Program Committee

(Area 1) Computer Vision
Abidi Besma University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA
Abou-Nasr Mahmoud Ford Motor Company, USA
Aboutajdine Driss National Center for Scientific and
Technical Research, Morocco
Aggarwal J.K. University of Texas, Austin, USA
Albu Branzan Alexandra University of Victoria, Canada
Amayeh Gholamreza Foveon, USA
Ambardekar Amol Microsoft, USA
Angelopoulou Elli University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Agouris Peggy George Mason University, USA
Argyros Antonis University of Crete, Greece
Asari Vijayan University of Dayton, USA
Athitsos Vassilis University of Texas at Arlington, USA
Basu Anup University of Alberta, Canada
Bekris Kostas Rutgers University, USA
Bhatia Sanjiv University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
Bimber Oliver Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Bourbakis Nikolaos Wright State University, USA
Brimkov Valentin State University of New York, USA
Cavallaro Andrea Queen Mary, University of London, UK
Charalampidis Dimitrios University of New Orleans, USA
Chellappa Rama University of Maryland, USA
Chen Yang HRL Laboratories, USA
Cheng Hui Sarnoff Corporation, USA
Cheng Shinko HRL Laboratories, USA
Cui Jinshi Peking University, China
Dagher Issam University of Balamand, Lebanon
Darbon Jerome CNRS-Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan,
France
Demirdjian David Vecna Robotics, USA
Diamantas Sotirios Ecole Nationale Suprieure de Mecanique et des
Microtechniques, France
Organization IX
Duan Ye University of Missouri-Columbia, USA

Doulamis Anastasios Technical University of Crete, Greece
Dowdall Jonathan Google, USA
El-Ansari Mohamed Ibn Zohr University, Morocco
El-Gammal Ahmed University of New Jersey, USA
Eng How Lung Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
El-Gammal Ahmed University of New Jersey, USA
Eng How Lung Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Fan Guoliang Oklahoma State University, USA
Fan Jialue Northwestern University, USA
Ferri Francesc Universitat de Valencia, Spain
Ferzli Rony Intel, USA
Ferryman James University of Reading, UK
Foresti GianLuca University of Udine, Italy
Fowlkes Charless University of California, Irvine, USA
Fukui Kazuhiro The University of Tsukuba, Japan
Galata Aphrodite The University of Manchester, UK
Georgescu Bogdan Siemens, USA
Goh Wooi-Boon Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Ghouzali Sanna King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Guerra-Filho Gutemberg Intel, USA
Guevara, Angel Miguel University of Porto, Portugal
Gustafson David Kansas State University, USA
Hammoud Riad BAE Systems, USA
Harville Michael Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
He Xiangjian University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Heikkil Janne University of Oulu, Finland
Hongbin Zha Peking University, China
Hou Zujun Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Hua Gang IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, USA
Hua Gang Stevens Institute, USA
Huang Yongzhen Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Imiya Atsushi Chiba University, Japan
Kamberov George Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Kampel Martin Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Kamberova Gerda Hofstra University, USA
Kakadiaris Ioannis University of Houston, USA
Kettebekov Sanzhar Keane Inc., USA
Kimia Benjamin Brown University, USA
Kisacanin Branislav Texas Instruments, USA
Klette Reinhard Auckland University, New Zealand
Kokkinos Iasonas Ecole Centrale de Paris, France
X Organization
Kollias Stefanos National Technical University

of Athens, Greece
Komodakis Nikos Ecole Centrale de Paris, France
Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios Technical Educational Institute
of Crete, Greece
Kozintsev, Igor Intel, USA
Kuno Yoshinori Saitama University, Japan
Kim Kyungnam HRL Laboratories, USA
Latecki Longin Jan Temple University, USA
Lee D.J. Brigham Young University, USA
Levine Martin McGill University, Canada
Li Baoxin Arizona State University, USA
Li Chunming Vanderbilt University, USA
Li Xiaowei Google Inc., USA
Lim Ser N. GE Research, USA
Lisin Dima VidoeIQ, USA
Lee Hwee Kuan Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
Lee Seong-Whan Korea University, South Korea
Li Shuo GE Healthecare, Canada
Lourakis Manolis ICS-FORTH, Greece
Loss Leandro Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA
Luo Gang Harvard University, USA
Ma Yunqian Honyewell Labs, USA
Maeder Anthony University of Western Sydney, Australia
Makrogiannis Sokratis Delaware State University, USA
Maltoni Davide University of Bologna, Italy
Maroulis Dimitris National University of Athens, Greece
Maybank Steve Birkbeck College, UK
Medioni Gerard University of Southern California, USA
Melenchn Javier Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain
Metaxas Dimitris Rutgers University, USA
Ming Wei Konica Minolta Laboratory, USA
Mirmehdi Majid Bristol University, UK
Morris Brendan University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Mueller Klaus Stony Brook University, USA
Muhammad Ghulam King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Mulligan Jeff NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Murray Don Point Grey Research, Canada
Nait-Charif Hammadi Bournemouth University, UK
Nefian Ara NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Nguyen Quang Vinh University of Western Sydney, Australia
Nicolescu Mircea University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Nixon Mark University of Southampton, UK
Nolle Lars The Nottingham Trent University, UK
Organization XI
Ntalianis Klimis National Technical University of Athens,

Greece
Or Siu Hang The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Papadourakis George Technological Education Institute, Greece
Papanikolopoulos Nikolaos University of Minnesota, USA
Pati Peeta Basa CoreLogic, India
Patras Ioannis Queen Mary University, London, UK
Pavlidis Ioannis University of Houston, USA
Petrakis Euripides Technical University of Crete, Greece
Peyronnet Sylvain LRI, University of Paris-Sud, France
Pinhanez Claudio IBM Research, Brazil
Piccardi Massimo University of Technology, Australia
Pietikainen Matti LRDE/University of Oulu, Finland
Pitas Ioannis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Porikli Fatih Australian National University, Australia
Prabhakar Salil DigitalPersona Inc., USA
Prokhorov Danil Toyota Research Institute, USA
Qian Gang Arizona State University, USA
Raftopoulos Kostas National Technical University of Athens,
Greece
Regazzoni Carlo University of Genoa, Italy
Regentova Emma University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Remagnino Paolo Kingston University, UK
Ribeiro Eraldo Florida Institute of Technology, USA
Robles-Kelly Antonio National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australia
Ross Arun Michigan State University, USA
Rziza Mohammed Agdal Mohammed-V University, Morocco
Samal Ashok University of Nebraska, USA
Samir Tamer Allegion, USA
Sandberg Kristian Computational Solutions, USA
Sarti Augusto DEI Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Savakis Andreas Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Schaefer Gerald Loughborough University, UK
Scalzo Fabien University of California at Los Angeles, USA
Scharcanski Jacob UFRGS, Brazil
Shah Mubarak University of Central Florida, USA
Shi Pengcheng Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Shimada Nobutaka Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Singh Rahul San Francisco State University, USA
Skodras Athanassios University of Patras, Greece
Skurikhin Alexei Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Souvenir, Richard University of North Carolina - Charlotte, USA
XII Organization
Su Chung-Yen National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan

(R.O.C.)
Sugihara Kokichi University of Tokyo, Japan
Sun Zehang Apple, USA
Syeda-Mahmood Tanveer IBM Almaden, USA
Tan Kar Han Hewlett Packard, USA
Tavakkoli Alireza University of Houston - Victoria, USA
Tavares, Joao Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Teoh Eam Khwang Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Thiran Jean-Philippe Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
(EPFL), Switzerland
Tistarelli Massimo University of Sassari, Italy
Tong Yan University of South Carolina, USA
Tsui T.J. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Trucco Emanuele University of Dundee, UK
Tubaro Stefano DEI, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Uhl Andreas Salzburg University, Austria
Velastin Sergio Kingston University London, UK
Veropoulos Kostantinos GE Healthcare, Greece
Verri Alessandro Università di Genova, Italy
Wang Junxian Microsoft, USA
Wang Song University of South Carolina, USA
Wang Yunhong Beihang University, China
Webster Michael University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Wolff Larry Equinox Corporation, USA
Wong Kenneth The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Xiang Tao Queen Mary, University of London, UK
Xu Meihe University of California at Los Angeles, USA
Yang Ming-Hsuan University of California at Merced, USA
Yang Ruigang University of Kentucky, USA
Yin Lijun SUNY at Binghampton, USA
Yu Ting GE Global Research, USA
Yu Zeyun University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
Yuan Chunrong University of Tübingen, Germany
Zabulis Xenophon ICS-FORTH, Greece
Zervakis Michalis Technical University of Crete, Greece
Zhang Jian Wake Forest University, USA
Zheng Yuanjie University of Pennsylvania, USA
Zhang Yan Delphi Corporation, USA
Ziou Djemel University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Organization XIII
(Area 2) Computer Graphics

Abd Rahni Mt Piah Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Abram Greg Texas Advanced Computing Center, USA
Adamo-Villani Nicoletta Purdue University, USA
Agu Emmanuel Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
Andres Eric Laboratory XLIM-SIC, University of Poitiers,
France
Artusi Alessandro GiLab, Universitat de Girona, Spain
Baciu George Hong Kong PolyU, Hong Kong
Balcisoy Selim Saffet Sabanci University, Turkey
Barneva Reneta State University of New York, USA
Belyaev Alexander Heriot-Watt University, UK
Benes Bedrich Purdue University, USA
Berberich Eric MaxPlanck Institute, Germany
Bilalis Nicholas Technical University of Crete, Greece
Bimber Oliver Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Bouatouch Kadi University of Rennes I, IRISA, France
Brimkov Valentin State University of New York, USA
Brown Ross Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Bruckner Stefan Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Callahan Steven University of Utah, USA
Capin Tolga Bilkent University, Turkey
Chaudhuri Parag (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
Chen Min University of Oxford, UK
Cheng Irene University of Alberta, Canada
Chiang Yi-Jen New York University, USA
Choi Min-Hyung University of Colorado at Denver, USA
Comba Joao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Cremer Jim University of Iowa, USA
Culbertson Bruce HP Labs, USA
Dana Kristin Rutgers University, USA
Debattista Kurt University of Warwick, UK
Deng Zhigang University of Houston, USA
Dick Christian Technical University of Munich, Germany
Dingliana John Trinity College, Ireland
El-Sana Jihad Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Israel
Entezari Alireza University of Florida, USA
Fabian Nathan Sandia National Laboratories, USA
De Floriani Leila University of Genoa, Italy
Fu Hongbo City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Fuhrmann Anton VRVis Research Center, Austria
Gaither Kelly University of Texas at Austin, USA
XIV Organization
Gao Chunyu Epson Research and Development, USA

Geist Robert Clemson University, USA
Gelb Dan Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
Gotz David University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
USA
Gooch Amy University of Victoria, Canada
Gu David Stony Brook University, USA
Guerra-Filho Gutemberg Intel, USA
Habib Zulfiqar COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Hadwiger Markus KAUST, Saudi Arabia
Haller Michael Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences,
Austria
Hamza-Lup Felix Armstrong Atlantic State University, USA
Han JungHyun Korea University, South Korea
Hand Randall Lockheed Martin Corporation, USA
Hao Xuejun Columbia University and NYSPI, USA
Hernandez Jose Tiberio Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
Hou Tingbo Google Inc., USA
Huang Jian University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA
Huang Mao Lin University of Technology, Australia
Huang Zhiyong Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Hussain Muhammad King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Jeschke Stefan IST Austria, Austria
Jones Michael Brigham Young University, USA
Julier Simon J. University College London, UK
Kamberov George Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Klosowski James AT&T Research Labs, USA
Ko Hyeong-Seok Seoul National University, South Korea
Lai Shuhua Virginia State University, USA
Le Binh Virginia Disney Research, USA
Lewis R. Robert Washington State University, USA
Li Bo Samsung, USA
Li Frederick University of Durham, UK
Li Xin Louisiana State University, USA
Lindstrom Peter Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Linsen Lars Jacobs University, Germany
Liu Feng Portland State University, USA
Loviscach Joern Fachhochschule Bielefeld (University of
Applied Sciences), Germany
Magnor Marcus TU Braunschweig, Germany
Martin Ralph Cardiff University, UK
McGraw Tim Purdue University, USA
Min Jianyuan Google, USA
Organization XV
Meenakshisundaram Gopi University of California-Irvine, USA

Mendoza Cesar NaturalMotion Ltd., USA
Metaxas Dimitris Rutgers University, USA
Mudur Sudhir Concordia University, Canada
Musuvathy Suraj Siemens, USA
Nait-Charif Hammadi University of Dundee, UK
Nasri Ahmad American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Noh Junyong KAIST, Korea
Noma Tsukasa Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Okada Yoshihiro Kyushu University, Japan
Olague Gustavo CICESE Research Center, Mexico
Oliveira Manuel M. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Owen Charles Michigan State University, USA
Ostromoukhov Victor M. University of Montreal, Canada
Pascucci Valerio University of Utah, USA
Patchett John Los Alamons National Lab, USA
Peters Jorg University of Florida, USA
Pronost Nicolas Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Qin Hong Stony Brook University, USA
Rautek Peter Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Razdan Anshuman Arizona State University, USA
Rosen Paul University of Utah, USA
Rosenbaum Rene University of California at Davis, USA
Rudomin, Isaac Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain
Rushmeier, Holly Yale University, USA
Sander Pedro The Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology, Hong Kong
Sapidis Nickolas University of Western Macedonia, Greece
Sarfraz Muhammad Kuwait University, Kuwait
Scateni Riccardo University of Cagliari, Italy
Sequin Carlo University of California-Berkeley, USA
Shead Timothy Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Sourin Alexei Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Stamminger Marc REVES/Inria, France
Su Wen-Poh Griffith University, Australia
Szumilas Lech Research Institute for Automation and
Measurements, Poland
Tan Kar Han Hewlett Packard, USA
Tarini Marco Universitày dell’Insubria (Varese), Italy
Teschner Matthias University of Freiburg, Germany
Tong Yiying Michigan State University, USA
Torchelsen Rafael Piccin Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Brazil
Umlauf Georg HTWG Constance, Germany
XVI Organization
Vanegas Carlos University of California at Berkeley, USA

Wald Ingo University of Utah, USA
Walter Marcelo UFRGS, Brazil
Wimmer Michael Technical University of Vienna, Austria
Wylie Brian Sandia National Laboratory, USA
Wyman Chris University of Calgary, Canada
Wyvill Brian University of Iowa, USA
Yang Qing-Xiong University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign,
USA
Yang Ruigang University of Kentucky, USA
Ye Duan University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
Yi Beifang Salem State University, USA
Yin Lijun Binghamton University, USA
Yoo Terry National Institutes of Health, USA
Yuan Xiaoru Peking University, China
Zhang Jian Jun Bournemouth University, UK
Zeng Jianmin Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Zara Jiri Czech Technical University in Prague,
Czech Republic
Zeng Wei Florida Institute of Technology, USA
Zordan Victor University of California at Riverside, USA
(Area 3) Virtual Reality

Alcaniz Mariano Technical University of Valencia, Spain
Arns Laura Purdue University, USA
Bacim Felipe Virginia Tech, USA
Balcisoy Selim Sabanci University, Turkey
Behringer Reinhold Leeds Metropolitan University UK
Billinghurst Mark HIT Lab, New Zealand
Blach Roland Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering,
Germany
Blom Kristopher University of Barcelona, Spain
Bogdanovych Anton University of Western Sydney, Australia
Brady Rachael Duke University, USA
Brega Jose Remo Ferreira Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
Bues Matthias Fraunhofer IAO in Stuttgart, Germany
Capin Tolga Bilkent University, Turkey
Chen Jian Brown University, USA
Cooper Matthew University of Linkoping, Sweden
Coquillart Sabine Inria, France
Craig Alan NCSA University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, USA
Cremer Jim University of Iowa, USA
Organization XVII
Edmunds Timothy University of British Columbia, Canada

Egges Arjan Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
Encarnaio L. Miguel ACT Inc., USA
Figueroa Pablo Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
Friedman Doron IDC, Israel
Fuhrmann Anton VRVis Research Center, Austria
Gregory Michelle Pacific Northwest National Lab, USA
Gupta Satyandra K. University of Maryland, USA
Haller Michael FH Hagenberg, Austria
Herbelin Bruno EPFL, Switzerland
Hinkenjann Andre Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied
Sciences, Germany
Hollerer Tobias University of California at Santa Barbara, USA
’Huang Jian University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA
Huang Zhiyong Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R),
Singapore
Johnsen Kyle University of Georgia, USA
Jones Adam Clemson University, USA
Kiyokawa Kiyoshi Osaka University, Japan
Klosowski James AT&T Labs, USA
Kohli Luv InnerOptic, USA
Kopper Regis Duke University, USA
Kozintsev, Igor Samsung, USA
Kuhlen Torsten RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Laha Bireswar Stony Brook University, USA
Lee Cha University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Liere Robert van CWI, The Netherlands
Livingston A. Mark Naval Research Laboratory, USA
Luo Xun Qualcomm Research, USA
Malzbender Tom Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
MacDonald Brendan National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, USA
Molineros Jose Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, USA
Muller Stefan University of Koblenz, Germany
Owen Charles Michigan State University, USA
Paelke Volker University of Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Germany
Peli Eli Harvard University, USA
Pettifer Steve The University of Manchester, UK
Pronost Nicolas Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Pugmire Dave Los Alamos National Lab, USA
Qian Gang Arizona State University, USA
Raffin Bruno Inria, France
XVIII Organization
Ragan Eric Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

Rodello Ildeberto University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Roth Thorsten Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied
Sciences, Germany
Sandor Christian Nara Institute of Science and Technology,
Japan
Sapidis Nickolas University of Western Macedonia, Greece
Schulze Jurgen University of California - San Diego, USA
Sherman Bill Indiana University, USA
Singh Gurjot Virginia Tech, USA
Slavik Pavel Czech Technical University in Prague,
Czech Republic
Sourin Alexei Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Steinicke Frank University of Wurzburg, Germany
Suma Evan University of Southern California, USA
Stamminger Marc REVES/Inria, France
Srikanth Manohar Indian Institute of Science, India
Whitted Turner TWI Research, UK
Wong Kin Hong The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Yu Ka Chun Denver Museum of Nature and Science, USA
Yuan Chunrong University of Tübingen, Germany
Zachmann Gabriel Clausthal University, Germany
Zara Jiri Czech Technical University in Prague,
Czech Republic
Zhao Ye Kent State University, USA
(Area 4) Visualization
AAndrienko Gennady Fraunhofer Institute IAIS, Germany
Avila Lisa Kitware, USA
Apperley Mark University of Waikato, New Zealand
Balizs Csibfalvi Budapest University of Technology and
Economics, Hungary
Brady Rachael Duke University, USA
Bonneau Georges-Pierre Grenoble University, France
Bruckner Stefan Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Bihler Katja VRVis Research Center, Austria
Burch Michael University of Stuttgart, Germany
Callahan Steven University of Utah, USA
Chen Jian Brown University, USA
Chen Min University of Oxford, UK
Organization XIX
Chevalier Fanny Inria, France

Chiang Yi-Jen New York University, USA
Cooper Matthew University of Linkoping, Sweden
Chourasia Amit University of California - San Diego, USA
Crossno Patricia Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Daniels Joel University of Utah, USA
Dick Christian Technical University of Munich, Germany
Duan Ye University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
Dwyer Tim Monash University, Australia
Entezari Alireza University of Florida, USA
Ertl Thomas University of Stuttgart, Germany
De Floriani Leila University of Maryland, USA
Geist Robert Clemson University, USA
Gotz David University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
USA
Grinstein Georges University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
Goebel Randy University of Alberta, Canada
Gregory Michelle Pacific Northwest National Lab, USA
Hadwiger Helmut Markus KAUST, Saudi Arabia
Hagen Hans Technical University of Kaiserslautern,
Germany
Healey Christopher North Carolina State University at Raleigh,
USA
Hochheiser Harry University of Pittsburgh, USA
Hollerer Tobias University of California at Santa Barbara, USA
Hong Lichan University of Sydney, Australia
Hong Seokhee Palo Alto Research Center, USA
Hotz Ingrid Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany
Huang Zhiyong Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R),
Singapore
Jiang Ming Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Joshi Alark Yale University, USA
Koch Steffen University of Stuttgart, Germany
Laramee Robert Swansea University, UK
Lewis R. Robert Washington State University, USA
Liere Robert van CWI, The Netherlands
Lim Ik Soo Bangor University, UK
Linsen Lars Jacobs University, Germany
Liu Zhanping Kentucky State University, USA
XX Organization
Lohmann Steffen University of Stuttgart, Germany

Maeder Anthony University of Western Sydney, Australia
Malpica Jose Alcala University, Spain
Masutani Yoshitaka The Hiroshima City University, Japan
Matkovic Kresimir VRVis Research Center, Austria
McCaffrey James Microsoft Research / Volt VTE, USA
Melancon Guy CNRS UMR 5800 LaBRI and Inria Bordeaux
Sud-Ouest, France
Miksch Silvia Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Monroe Laura Los Alamos National Labs, USA
Morie Jacki University of Southern California, USA
Moreland Kenneth Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Mudur Sudhir Concordia University, Canada
Museth Ken Linkoping University, Sweden
Paelke Volker University of Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Germany
Papka Michael Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Peikert Ronald Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich,
Switzerland
Pettifer Steve The University of Manchester, UK
Pugmire Dave Los Alamos National Lab, USA
Rabin Robert University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA
Raffin Bruno Inria, France
Razdan Anshuman Arizona State University, USA
Reina Guido University of Stuttgart, Germany
Rhyne Theresa-Marie North Carolina State University, USA
Rosenbaum Rene University of California at Davis, USA
Sadana Samik Georgia Tech, USA
Sadlo Filip University of Stuttgart, Germany
Scheuermann Gerik University of Leipzig, Germany
Shead Timothy Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Sips Mike Stanford University, USA
Slavik Pavel Czech Technical University in Prague,
Czech Republic
Sourin XavierAlexei Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Thakur Sidharth Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI),
USA
Theisel Holger University of Magdeburg, Germany
Thiele Olaf University of Mannheim, Germany
Tricoche Purdue University, USA
Umlauf Georg HTWG Constance, Germany
Viegas Fernanda IBM, USA
Wan Ming Boeing Phantom Works, USA
Weinkauf Tino Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Germany
Organization XXI
Weiskopf Daniel University of Stuttgart, Germany

Wischgoll Thomas Wright State University, USA
Wongsuphasawat Krist Twitter Inc., USA
Wylie Brian Sandia National Laboratory, USA
Wu Yin Indiana University, USA
Xu Wei Brookhaven National Lab, USA
Yeasin Mohammed Memphis University, USA
Yuan Xiaoru Peking University, China
Zachmann Gabriel Clausthal University, Germany
Zhao Jian University of Toronto, USA
Zhao Ye Kent State University, USA
Zheng Ziyi Stony Brook University, USA
Zhukov Leonid Caltech, USA
ISVC 2014 Special Tracks

1. Computational Bioimaging
Organizers
Tavares Joo Manuel R. S. University of Porto, Portugal
Natal Jorge Renato University of Porto, Portugal
Cunha Alexandre Caltech, USA
2. 3D Mapping, Modeling and Surface Reconstruction

Organizers
Nefian Ara Carnegie Mellon University/NASA Ames
Research Center, USA
Edwards Laurence NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Huertas Andres NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, USA
3. Tracking for Human Activity Monitoring

Organizers
Savakis Andreas Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Argyros Antonis University of Crete, Greece
Asari Vijay University of Dayton, USA
4. Unmanned Autonomous Systems

Organizers
Bebis George University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Nicolescu Mircea University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Bourbakis Nikolaos Wright State University, USA
Tavakkoli Alireza University of Houston, Victoria, USA
XXII Organization
5. Intelligent Transportation Systems

Organizers
Ambardekar, Amol Microsoft, USA
Morris, Brendan University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
6. Visual Perception and Robotic Systems

Organizers
La Hung University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Sheng Weihua Oklahoma State University, USA
Vu Tam University of Colorado, Denver, USA
Fernandez-Marquez Jose Luis University of Geneva, Switzerland
Nguyen Thang University of Exeter, UK
Gong Jie Rutgers University, USA
Organization XXIII
Organizing Institutions and Sponsors

Table of Contents – Part I
ST: Computational Bioimaging I

Learning Splines for Sparse Tomographic Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Elham Sakhaee and Alireza Entezari
Rigid Multimodal/Multispectral Image Registration Based on the

Expectation-Maximization Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Edgar Arce-Santana, Daniel U. Campos-Delgado,
Isnardo Reducindo, Aldo R. Mejı́a-Rodrı́guez,
and Giovanna Rizzo
Analysis of Biomedical Images Based on Automated Methods of Image

Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
João Manuel R.S. Tavares
Noise Analysis and Removal in 3D Electron Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Joris Roels, Jan Aelterman, Jonas De Vylder, Hiep Luong,
Yvan Saeys, Saskia Lippens, and Wilfried Philips
Ensemble Registration: Incorporating Structural Information into

Groupwise Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Sri Purwani and Carole Twining
Computer Graphics I
Automatic Photorealistic 3D Inner Mouth Restoration from Frontal
Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Masahide Kawai, Tomoyori Iwao, Akinobu Maejima,
and Shigeo Morishima
Local, Polynomial G1 PN Quads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Chavdar Papazov
Voronoi Diagrams of Line Segments in 3D, with Application to

Automatic Rigging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Jeffrey W. Holcomb and Jorge A. Cobb
Image Dehazing Using Regularized Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Jiaxi He, Cishen Zhang, and Ifat-Al Baqee
Real-Time Depth-Image-Based Rendering for 3DTV Using OpenCL . . . . 97

Roberto Gerson de Albuquerque Azevedo, Fernando Ismério,
Alberto Barbosa Raposo, and Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares
XXVI Table of Contents – Part I
Motion and Tracking

Direct Estimation of Dense Scene Flow and Depth from a Monocular
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Yosra Mathlouthi, Amar Mitiche, and Ismail Ben Ayed
3D Deformable Spatial Pyramid for Dense 3D Motion Flow of

Deformable Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Junhwa Hur, Hwasup Lim, and Sang Chul Ahn
Visual Tracking Extensions for Accurate Target Recovery in Low

Frame Rate Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Yoav Liberman and Adi Perry
Optical Flow Computation in the Presence of Spatially-Varying Motion

Blur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Mohammad Hossein Daraei
A Fast TGV-l1 RGB-D Flow Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Junha Roh, Hwasup Lim, and Sang Chul Ahn
Statistical Estimation of Fluid Flow: An Image Restoration

Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Konstantia Moirogiorgou, Michalis Zervakis, Andreas E. Savakis,
and Ioannis Sibetheros
Feature Extraction and Matching I

Efficient Object Localization and Segmentation in Weakly Labeled
Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Mrigank Rochan and Yang Wang
Image Classification via Semi-supervised Feature Extraction with

Out-of-Sample Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
F. Dornaika, Y. El Traboulsi, B. Cases, and A. Assoum
An Experimental Evaluation of Different Features and Nodal Costs for

Horizon Line Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Touqeer Ahmad, George Bebis, Emma Regentova, Ara Nefian, and
Terry Fong
3D Gesture Analysis Using a Large-Scale Gesture Database . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Shahrouz Yousefi, Haibo Li, and Li Liu
A Biological Motivated Multi-scale Keypoint Detector for Local 3D

Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Sı́lvio Filipe and Luı́s A. Alexandre
Table of Contents – Part I XXVII
Object Classification Using a Semantic Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Somayah Albaradei and Yang Wang
Segmentation
Resistance-Geodesic Distance and Its Use in Image Processing and
Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Jan Gaura and Eduard Sojka
Compact Description of the Segments on the Segmented Digital

Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Tamaz Sulaberidze, Otar Tavdishvili, Tea Todua,
and Zurab Alimbarashvili
Commonality Preserving Image-Set Clustering Based on Diverse

Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Takayuki Fukui and Toshikazu Wada
A Pedestrian-Pedestrian and Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction Motion

Model for Pedestrians Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Hao Sheng, Shukai Liu, Hengshan Ji, Jiahui Chen, and Zhang Xiong
Interactive Segmentation of High-Resolution Video Content Using

Temporally Coherent Superpixels and Graph Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Matthias Reso, Björn Scheuermann, Jörn Jachalsky,
Bodo Rosenhahn, and Jörn Ostermann
Extracting Noise-Resistant Skeleton on Digital Shapes for Graph

Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Aurélie Leborgne, Julien Mille, and Laure Tougne
Visualization
A Human Perception Based Performance Evaluation of Image Quality
Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Rameez Wajid, Atif Bin Mansoor, and Marius Pedersen
Visual Analysis of 3D Data by Isovalue Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Susanne K. Suter, Bo Ma, and Alireza Entezari
VideoZoom: An Interactive System for Video Summarization, Browsing

and Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Kai Juengling, Scott Blunsden, and Cristina Versino
Adaptive Visualization of Social Media Data for Policy Modeling . . . . . . 333

Kawa Nazemi, Dirk Burkhardt, Wilhelm Retz, and Jörn Kohlhammer
XXVIII Table of Contents – Part I
Combining Computational Models and Interactive Visualization to

Support Rational Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Tobias Ruppert, Jürgen Bernard, Thorsten May,
and Jörn Kohlhammer
NetTimeView: Applying Spatio-temporal Data Visualization
Techniques to DDoS Attack Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Ayush Shrestha, Ying Zhu, and Kebina Manandhar
ST: 3D Mapping, Modeling and Surface

Reconstruction
Shape from Specular Flow with Near-Field Environment Motion . . . . . . . 367
Hongsong Li, Ting Song, Zehuan Wu, Jiandong Ma,
and Gangyi Ding
Enhancement of 3D Capture of Room-Sized Dynamic Scenes with
Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Asad Ullah Naweed, Lu Chen, Mingsong Dou, and Henry Fuchs
Loop Closing for Visual Pose Tracking during Close-Range
3-D Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Klaus H. Strobl
Reconstruction of a Complex Mirror Surface from a Single Image . . . . . . 402
Hongsong Li, Ting Song, Zehuan Wu, Jiandong Ma,
and Gangyi Ding
Passive 3D Scene Reconstruction via Hyperspectral Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Corey A. Miller and Thomas J. Walls
Constructing Point Clouds from Underwater Stereo Movies . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Jesus Pulido, Ricardo Dutra da Silva, Dawn Sumner, Helio Pedrini,
and Bernd Hamann
ST: Unmanned Autonomous Systems

Using Accurate Feature Matching for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Ground
Object Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Alok Desai, Dah-Jye Lee, and Meng Zhang
μ-UAV Based Dynamic Target Tracking for Surveillance
and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Harish Bhaskar, Jorge Dias, Lakmal Seneviratne, and
Mohammed Al-Mualla
Telemetry-Based Search Window Correction for Airborne Tracking . . . . . 457
Pau Climent-Pérez, Georgios Lazaridis, Georg Hummel,
Martin Russ, Dorothy N. Monekosso, and Paolo Remagnino
Table of Contents – Part I XXIX
Fuzzy-Based Automatic Landmark Recognition in Aerial Images Using

ORB for Aerial Auto-localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Paulo Silva Filho, Marcel Rodrigues, Osamu Saotome,
and Elcio H. Shiguemori
Semantic Segmentation of Low Frame-Rate Image Sequence Using

Statistical Properties of Optical Flow for Remote Exploration . . . . . . . . . 477
Shun Inagaki and Atsushi Imiya
Medical Imaging
Coupled Dictionary Learning for Automatic Multi-Label Brain Tumor
Segmentation in Flair MRI Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Saif Dawood Salman Al-Shaikhli, Michael Ying Yang,
and Bodo Rosenhahn
Volumetric Topological Analysis on In Vivo Trabecular Bone Magnetic

Resonance Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Cheng Chen, Dakai Jin, Yinxiao Liu, Felix W. Wehrli,
Gregory Chang, Peter J. Snyder, Ravinder R. Regatte,
and Punam K. Saha
Segmentation of Lungs with Interstitial Lung Disease in CT Scans:

A TV-LL1 Based Texture Analysis Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Gurman Gill and Reinhard R. Beichel
Automated Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Morphology in Multi-row

Detector CT Imaging Using Correspondence with Anatomic Airway
Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Dakai Jin, Krishna S. Iyer, Eric A. Hoffman, and Punam K. Saha
Non-rigid Registration of Vascular Structures for Aligning 2D X-ray

Angiography with 3D CT Angiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Hye-Ryun Kim, Mi-Sun Kang, and Myoung-Hee Kim
Computer Graphics II
Shape Modeling with Fractals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
Tim McGraw and Donald Herring
GPU Based Particle Coding Scheme for Virtual Cutting of Meshfree

Particle Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Prateek Shrivastava and Sukhendu Das
Constrained PatchMatch for Image Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Guillaume Chican and Mohamed Tamaazousti
XXX Table of Contents – Part I
Compression of 3-D Polygon Mesh Geometry Data by Wavelets with

Structuring Surrounding Vertices Remeshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Shingo Kouno, Masayuki Amano, and Akira Kawanaka
Automatic Multi-light White Balance Using Illumination Gradients

and Color Space Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Clifford Lindsay and Emmanuel Agu
ST: Tracking for Human Activity Monitoring

Robust and Efficient Tracker Using Dictionary of Binary Descriptors
and Locality Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Breton Minnehan, Henry Spang, and Andreas E. Savakis
Fast Human Pose Tracking with a Single Depth Sensor Using Sum of
Gaussians Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Meng Ding and Guoliang Fan
Human Centered Scene Understanding Based on Depth Information –

How to Deal with Noisy Skeleton Data? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Rainer Planinc and Martin Kampel
Body Joint Tracking in Low Resolution Video Using Region-Based

Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Binu M. Nair, Kimberly D. Kendricks, Vijayan K. Asari,
and Ronald F. Tuttle
Human Action Recognition Using Histograms of Oriented Optical

Flows from Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Baris Can Ustundag and Mustafa Unel
Scale-Adaptive Object Tracking with Diverse Ensembles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Sara Elkerdawy, Abdelrahman Eldesokey, Ahmed Salaheldin,
and Mohamed ElHelw
Feature Extraction and Matching II

Weighted Pooling Based on Visual Saliency for Image Classification . . . . 647
Byeongho Heo, Hawook Jeong, Jiyun Kim, Sang-Il Choi,
and Jin Young Choi
A Simple Visual Words Selection Strategy for Pedestrian Detection . . . . 658

Xingguo Zhang, Guoyue Chen, Kazuki Saruta, and Yuki Terata
Convolutional Neural Networks for Steel Surface Defect Detection from

Photometric Stereo Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
D. Soukup and R. Huber-Mörk
Table of Contents – Part I XXXI
Object Detection Using Deformable Part Model in RGB-D Data . . . . . . . 678

Chao Li, Si Ma, Tao Wang, Hao Sheng, and Zhang Xiong
HLAC between Cells of HOG Feature for Crowd Counting . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

Shohei Kumagai and Kazuhiro Hotta
Learning with Adaptive Rate for Online Detection of Unusual

Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
Kimin Yun, Jiyun Kim, Soo Wan Kim, Hawook Jeong,
and Jin Young Choi
ST: Intelligent Transportation Systems

Contextual Combination of Appearance and Motion for Intersection
Videos with Vehicles and Pedestrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
Mohammad Shokrolah Shirazi and Brendan Morris
Video-Based Self-positioning for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
Parag S. Chandakkar, Ragav Venkatesan, and Baoxin Li
A Unified Approach for On-Road Visual Night-Time Vehicle Light

Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
Darko Jurić and Sven Lončarić
Sparse Depth Calculation Using Real-Time Key-Point Detection and

Structure from Motion for Advanced Driver Assist Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 740
Charan D. Prakash, Jinjin Li, Farshad Akhbari, and Lina J. Karam
Robust, Marker-Based Head Tracking for Testing Cognitive Vehicles in

the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Marc René Zofka, Ralf Kohlhaas, Tobias Bär, Sebastian Schwab,
Thomas Schamm, and J. Marius Zöllner
Real-Time 3D Reconstruction of Traffic Scenes Under an

Images-to-Model Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
Anlong Ming, Liang Liu, Pengjie Li, and Qin Yang
ST: Visual Perception and Robotic Systems

Proactive 3D Robot Mapping in Environments with Sparse Features . . . . 773
Jianhao Du, Weihua Sheng, Qi Cheng, and Meiqin Liu
Object Recognition Using Constraints from Primitive Shape

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Now, onward we go, for a century more,
To tell of the change that has flitted o’er.
There are lofty mansions, and spacious domes,
And silvery fountains, and pleasant homes;
There are green, bright trees, and flowers gay,
Where now the dark forests so gloomily sway;
And, most of all, is an open cave,
And a clear, pure spring the gray rocks lave;
And the plate-glass protects, without hiding a room,
Where the relics of age and piratical gloom
Are treasured in safety, not for their worth,
But because they had rested so long in the earth;
And the brilliant oxygen light at night
Half shames the moon, with its pure, pale light.
While a painted balloon, with its rubber case,
Floats gracefully down to its proper place,
As though it were waiting the moment when
It could fly far away ’bove the homes of men,
And be guided with equal precision and ease
As far or as near as the rider may please.
And the flag-staff glows with its highland plaid,
With which the painter the bare stick clad;
While high ’bove the earth, in his own free pride,
Is old Red Jacket standing, his bow beside,
And carelessly pointing to those below
The way the wild winds in the cloud regions blow;
And the gay, pure flag, with its tri-colors bright,
Is floating now in the morning light;
But around the bright scarlet, that was once its edge,
Is a border of flowers ’bove the rocky ledge;
’Tis England’s emblem, the roses bright,
And Scotia’s thistle, pale, green, and white;
The shamrock, that Erin’s children love,
And the iris and fuchsia that droop above.
All these shall be gathered together there,
While the workers faint not on the hill-side bare;
And, at last, when the triumph is made complete,
Shall be woven together these flowers sweet;
And hundreds and thousands yet shall see
The flower-bordered banner waving free.
And now I have finished this history true

Of the present, the past, and the future, too;
And all ye great world, whether timid or brave,
Look out for the next news from Dungeon Cave.
Enesee.
CONCLUSION.
Again the hand of time has made its mark in and around
Dungeon Rock. Twenty-eight years have come and gone since this
little book first went on its mission, and with them, many of those
most interested in the progress and prosperity of the work and
workers at the cave, have passed on to spirit life. One only, of the
little family yet lives. Far away in the sunny South-west, in her own
home, the first to say farewell to home and loved ones. Next the
gentle, kind-hearted wife and mother, was called away by death’s
relentless hand. The father and son still held steadfast to their faith,
working winters and attending to visitors during the summer and
autumn months. Friends always came in times of need, and when
hope was ready to give way to doubt, and when hands and hearts
grew weary with their labors, some cheering message from the other
side, or the fulfilment of a long ago communication, gave them new
courage and energy, and thus the work continued. The father’s
health had been gradually failing, and in 1868 he joined the spirit
band without having reached the cave occupied by the pirates,
though quite a cave had been made by the excavators, and a huge
pile of stone near by gave ample proof of the unwavering purpose of
this man’s life for nearly twenty years. Intelligent, energetic and
capable, sharp and clear-sighted, with a vein of humor, and pleasing
manner, he welcomed all to his humble abode, whether believer or
skeptic, with the same good natured, honest expressions of interest
and assurance in the work, that he fully believed was given him to do
by disembodied spirits, receiving, as he sometimes said all things as
compliments, whether donations of money, provisions, or a profusion
of wordy advice or ridicule. He had many firm friends, who were ever
ready to lend their assistance in life, and in his death missed the
companionship of a good and upright man.
Thus Hiram Marble, the Excavator, finds rest from his labors,
and his inanimate form is placed beside that of his wife in the little
church-yard of his native town in western Massachusetts.
The little house under the rock has now but two occupants.
Edwin, first mentioned in the history as a youth of twenty, now takes
up the task alone. A small, delicate man, with clear light blue eyes,
light brown hair and a face white and fair as a woman’s; honest,
credulous and hopeful, he has the will but not the strength to cope
long with that hard unyielding stone, yet the thought of abandoning
the work is not tolerated for a single moment, and every year the pile
of stone outside is heaped higher, and the route of the excavation
becomes longer, deeper and more circuitous; and, alas! each year
the excavator grows weaker and more feeble and less able to carry
on the work. More rooms have been added to the house, but the
octagon foundation is now only a ruin. The interest is still kept up
and many visitors come every year and all go away well pleased that
they have spent an hour in this quiet spot, around which there hangs
a mystery.
Early in the winter of 1879 Mr. Marble contemplated visiting his
relatives and friends in the West, but instead thereof, he started on
that journey from whence no traveler returns,—in the body—and one
bright day, in the middle of January 1880, the last good byes were
spoken and his grave was made by the side of the rock, just above
the house where he spent more than half of his earthly existence.
There is little change in the place since then; the faces of
strangers are seen in the places where the visitors of long ago saw,
perhaps, those described in these pages; but they will give you a
welcome, kind as ever, and try always to make your visit pleasant.
The old platform, where there has been much merry-making, has
been replaced by a larger and better one. The old flag-staff has long
since blown down.
The cave, or excavation, is now nearly two hundred feet through
and seventy-five feet below the entrance, and well worthy a visit from
all who can find opportunity for such a pleasure. It teaches a lesson
of faith—not without works—then the view from the top of the rock is
beyond all description; far as the eye can reach, from the dome of
the state house in Boston on the right, to Marblehead and Salem on
the left, with a full view of the harbor even to Minot’s light, with its
beaches and islands, its steamers and sail-boats, its constant trains
of cars passing and repassing along the beach, the electric lights
and japanese illuminations at the Point of Pines, are all plainly
visible, and make a grand and majestic panorama, while the nearer
view is still more picturesque and lovely. The song entitled “America”
best describes ones feelings as they look around them from that
point. The tall pines, the giant oaks and walnuts, the graceful cedars,
with ash and hemlocks mingling with the monster gray boulders,
forming beautifully contrasting colors and shades, in the sunlight, or
the gray morn or eventide, while the shimmering light upon Saugus
river and the sheeny blue of the Ocean contrast strangely with the
large, smooth-faced sheet of water directly in front and just below,
which just now is over-running its banks on every side, while a
hundred little brooks and rivulets are hurrying and tumbling over their
rocky beds to offer their tribute to Breeds Pond, that the people of
Lynn may drink and not thirst. Around this beautiful pond is a shady,
winding road, that is named Dungeon Rock Avenue, and leads
directly to the rock from the city, while beyond and around are
hundreds of acres of hills and valleys and mountains and glens,
rocks and ravines.
The scenery is wild and romantic in the extreme, and a society,
calling themselves Foresters, have formed for the purpose of
purchasing and holding these granite hills for public use to be kept
as a perpetual forest, that all may have the pleasure of visiting the
wild woods, and this inside the city limits of Lynn and within a dozen
miles of Boston. Dungeon Rock, or the Visitor’s Resort is in the midst
of this quiet splendor, this silent temple, with its many spires and
altars. It is accessible by the Myrtle Street horse cars, or addressing
Dungeon Rock, Lynn Mass., parties will be conveyed direct from any
part of the city, and can spend an hour of pleasure and profit and
judge for themselves of all that has been said and written of this
quiet, lovely spot and wonder who next will have the faith, courage
and opportunity to go on with this strange work, and add to the
monument that two good men have created to faith in the immortality
of the soul and a life beyond the grave.
Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made
consistent when a predominant preference was found in the
original book; otherwise they were not changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced
quotation marks were remedied when the change was
obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DUNGEON
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Advances in Visual Computing 10th International Symposium ISVC 2014 Las Vegas NV USA December 8 10 2014 Proceedings Part I 1st Edition George Bebis

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Advances in Visual Computing 10th International Symposium ISVC 2014 Las Vegas NV USA December 8 10 2014 Proceedings Part I 1st Edition George Bebis

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Copyright:

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Advances in Visual Computing 10th

International Symposium ISVC 2014

Advances in Visual Computing 12th International

Advances in Visual Computing 12th International

Advances in Visual Computing 13th International

Advances in Visual Computing 14th International

Advances in Visual Computing 15th International

Advances in Visual Computing 15th International

Mathematical and Computational Oncology Second

Mathematical and Computational Oncology First

ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957412

LNCS Sublibrary: SL 6 – Image Processing, Computer Vision,

October 2014 George Bebis

ISVC 2014 Steering Committee

ISVC 2014 Area Chairs

ISVC 2014 Keynote Speakers

ISVC 2014 International Program Committee

Duan Ye University of Missouri-Columbia, USA

Kollias Stefanos National Technical University

Ntalianis Klimis National Technical University of Athens,

Su Chung-Yen National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan

(Area 2) Computer Graphics

Gao Chunyu Epson Research and Development, USA

Meenakshisundaram Gopi University of California-Irvine, USA

Vanegas Carlos University of California at Berkeley, USA

(Area 3) Virtual Reality

Edmunds Timothy University of British Columbia, Canada

Ragan Eric Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

Chevalier Fanny Inria, France

Lohmann Steﬀen University of Stuttgart, Germany

Weiskopf Daniel University of Stuttgart, Germany

ISVC 2014 Special Tracks

2. 3D Mapping, Modeling and Surface Reconstruction

3. Tracking for Human Activity Monitoring

4. Unmanned Autonomous Systems

5. Intelligent Transportation Systems

6. Visual Perception and Robotic Systems

Organizing Institutions and Sponsors

ST: Computational Bioimaging I

Rigid Multimodal/Multispectral Image Registration Based on the

Analysis of Biomedical Images Based on Automated Methods of Image

Noise Analysis and Removal in 3D Electron Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Ensemble Registration: Incorporating Structural Information into

Local, Polynomial G1 PN Quads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Voronoi Diagrams of Line Segments in 3D, with Application to

Image Dehazing Using Regularized Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Real-Time Depth-Image-Based Rendering for 3DTV Using OpenCL . . . . 97

Motion and Tracking

3D Deformable Spatial Pyramid for Dense 3D Motion Flow of

Visual Tracking Extensions for Accurate Target Recovery in Low

Optical Flow Computation in the Presence of Spatially-Varying Motion

A Fast TGV-l1 RGB-D Flow Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Statistical Estimation of Fluid Flow: An Image Restoration

Feature Extraction and Matching I

Image Classiﬁcation via Semi-supervised Feature Extraction with

An Experimental Evaluation of Diﬀerent Features and Nodal Costs for

3D Gesture Analysis Using a Large-Scale Gesture Database . . . . . . . . . . . 206

A Biological Motivated Multi-scale Keypoint Detector for Local 3D

Object Classiﬁcation Using a Semantic Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Compact Description of the Segments on the Segmented Digital

Commonality Preserving Image-Set Clustering Based on Diverse

A Pedestrian-Pedestrian and Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction Motion