INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL

Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus

Guanajuato

INGENIERÍA EN AERONAÚYICA

AERODINÁMICA

PROBLEMAS 4.1 – 4.8

5AV2

23/05/2023

Docente:

Carlos Arturo Balderas Pérez

Alumno:

Carlos David Barragán López

4.1 A straight, tapered wing with a span of 30 ft has leading and trailing edge sweep angles of
45 deg. and 15 deg. respectively. The wing area is 280 ft2. Determine the magnitude of: the
root chord, tip chord and the mean geometric chord. Also, show a dimensioned drawing of the
planform with the location of the m.g.c clearly marked.

Ct
[ ]
2
b 2 λ + λ+1
λ= S= ( Cr + Ct ) m∗c∗g= Cr
Cr 2 3 λ+1

15 ft b 2S
tanθ= C r =tan 45 °∗15 ft=15 ft S= ( C r +C t ) ∴ Cr = −C r C t=3.666 ft
Cr 2 b

Ct 3.666 ft
λ= ∴ λ= =.244
Cr 15

[ ] [ ]
2
2 λ2 + λ +1 2 ( .244 ) + ( .244 ) +1
m∗c∗g= C r ∴ m∗c∗g= ( 15 ) =10.48 ft
3 λ+ 1 3 ( .244 )+ 1

ft∗3.666
x=10.48 =2.56 ft a partir de C r
15

4.2 The results obtained of a NACA 23012 shown the following data:
 α° Cl
0 0.15
9 1.20
If this airfoil is used in the design of an elliptical wing with aspect ratio, A=7, determine
the wing lift curve slope at low Mach numbers.

a0 d Cl
a= ∴ a0 =
(1+ πAea )
0
dα

π π
α =radianes ∴ 9 ° =0.1570 radianes
180 180
Sustituimos de la tabla

d C l (1.2−.15) 1
a 0= = =6. 6878
dα .1570 radianes

Se sustituye a 0 en la ecuación a

1
6.6878
radianes 1
a= =5.1282

( )
1 radianes
6.6878
radianes
1+
π∗7∗1

4.3 A rectangular wing model of 40 in. by 5 in. has the following characteristics which
were determined in a wind tunnel test:
E = 0.87 CLα = a = 0.09 1/deg a0 = -3°
If full scale, rectangular wing of 42 ft by 6 ft is constructed, what lift will this wing
develop at α=5° and 120 mph under standard sea-level conditions? Assume that e=0.87 for
the full scale wing as well.
Ocuparemos las siguientes ecuaciones:

am C L ρS v 2
af = ; C L=af ( α f −α i ) ; L=
( )
1 1 2
1+18.24 am −
( Ae)f ( Ae)m

Sustituimos:

.091/deg
af = =.088 /deg
1+18.24 am
( 1
−
1
)
( 7 ) ( .87 ) ( 8 ) ( .87 )

C L =(.888 /deg)(5−(−3 ) )=¿.704

L=( .704 ) ¿ ¿

4.4 The following data are obtained from a wind tunnel test of a wing with an area of 200
ft2 and A=10.32 for an advanced twin engine light airplane:
Determine the drag polar, using Eqn (4.36). What is the maximum lift-to-drag ratio and
for what value of the lift coefficient does it occur?

Ec. de drag
2 1
C D =C D 0 + k C L ; k se calcula k =
π∗A∗e
e =1 ; C D 0=0

2 1 2 1 2 2
C D =k C L ∴ C D= CL ∴ CD= C L =.30844 C L
π∗A∗e (π )(10.32)(e)

CL L
Tenemos que C = D y sustituimos
D

CL CD α CL/CD CL
0.0634 0.006 -2 10.56667 =32.2304
CD
0.2598 0.0083 0 31.3012
C L =.4545 y a=2 °
0.4545 0.0141 2 32.23404
0.6483 0.0231 4 28.06494
0.8412 0.0349 6 24.10315
1.0327 0.0495 8 20.86263
1.2217 0.0668 10 18.28892
1.4059 0.0865 12 16.25318
4.5 The following data were
obtained from a wind tunnel test of a wing: at CL=0 Cmc/4 = -0.126
at CL= 0.6 Cmc/5 = -0.15
Find the aerodynamic center location for this wing, assuming that the angles of attack are
small.
Consideramos el ángulo de ataque muy pequeño, por tanto se puede encontrar el centro
aerodinámico a un 25% de la cuerda

X ac X C mx −C mac ( .15 )−( .126 )

= − ∴ ( .25 )− =.21
c c CL ( .6 )

4.6 An airplane with a weight of 5,000 lbs has a wing area of 250 ft 2 If the airplane lift-
curve slope is 6.0 per radian and the angle of attack for zero lift is -2 deg., calculate the
angle of attack (in degrees) of this airplane in level flight at a speed of 200 mph under
standard sea level conditions.
Tenemos que L=W, por tanto despejamos CL

1 (2)( 22245 N )
L= ρS C L V 2 ∴ C L= =.1956
2 kg 2 m 2
(1.225 3 )(23.23 m )( 89.4 )
m s

Ahora calculamos el ángulo

CL .1956
C L =a α a ∴ =α a radianes ∴ α a radianes= =.0326 radianes ∴ 1.87 ° =α absoluto
a 6

α =α absoluto + α 0 ∴ ( 1.87 ° ) + (−2 ° )=−.13

4.7 How fast must the wing of problem 4.4 travel at an angle of 4 degrees to produce a
lift of 1.87 KN at 9000 ft altitude? Assume standard atmospheric conditions.
 Identificamos que el ala de 4.4 a un ángulo de 4° tiene un coeficiente de levantamiento de:

Usando el apéndice A del libro “Airplane Aerodinamycs and Performance” y asumiendo

condiciones de atmosfera estándar tenemos que la densidad corregida para una altitud de
9000 ft es 1.811x10-3

Lo convertimos a SI quedando de la siguiente manera:

( )
kg
1
(1.811 x 10 )
3
−3 slug m 3
2
=.9334 kg /m
ft slug
.00194 2
ft

Calculamos la velocidad que genera el levantamiento de 1.87KN con la siguiente formula:

√ √(
−3
1 2 2L 2(1.87 X 10 )
L= ρS C L V ∴ V = ∴V =
)
2
2 ρ CL S kg .3048 m
.9334 (.6483)(200 ft 2 )( )
m
3
1 ft

m ft
V =18.24 ∴ 59.836
s s

4.8 A low speed airplane has the following characteristics:

Airfoil: NACA 23012, with a value of a∞ per the data in Problem 4.2.
A=9.0 and λ=0.5
 ᴧc/2=0 deg. and b=31.4 ft.
The wing is equipped with a partial span flap as shown in Figure 4.32. During takeoff,
the angle of attack is set at 8 degrees. Determine the flap angle required to generate a
total lift coefficient of 1.34. Hint: use Eqns (4.33) and (4.54).

USAREMOS LAS SIGUIENTES FORMULAS

1
Tomamos el valor de 5.1282 y M ∞=0
radianes

2 2 2
β =1−M ∞ ∴ β =1
 a ∞ ( 5.12821 /radianes )
k= = =.816
2π 2π
β β

Sustituimos los valores:

2 πA
a=
¿¿

Seguimos con la formula:

Donde:
 ( )
CL (9 )
= a
=.835

√
Cl
( )
2

( 5.1282 ) +(
π )
2
a
2 ( tan 0 ) 5.1282
+ ( 9 ) 1+ 2
π ( 1)
Seguimos:

1.34
△Cl = =.056
f
( .835 ) ( 2.826 ) ( 10.048 )

Resolvemos:
−1
τ =cos ( 2 x f −1 )
cf
x f =1− =1−.25=.75
c

Ahora tenemos que:

−1 −1
τ =cos ( 2 x f −1 ) ∴ τ=cos ( 2(.75)−1 )=60 ° =1.0472radianes

Por último sustituimos todo en la eciación y despejamos:

(.056)
△ C l =2 δ f ( τ + sen τ ) ∴ δ f = =.014 °
f
2(1.0472+ sen 60)