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Grade 12 PE and HEALTH Module 1 4.Q4
Grade 12 PE and HEALTH Module 1 4.Q4
Republic of the
Department of
Philippines
Education
GRADE 12
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
and HEALTH
Second Semester
Quarter 4
MODULE1 &2
Week 1 – 4
CONTENT STANDARD:
PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
Leads recreational events with proficiency and confidence resulting in independent pursuit
and in influencing others positively.
I- MANUA
L
Learning in true sense, requires individual guidance, personal attention and overall individual
efforts of the learners. But the biggest responsibility for this Pandemic is giving support and guidance
to our new learners. Although these learning materials will help inculcate self-study habits and make
them an independent thinker, your role, as parents, will help them to deeply understand and learn the
lessons which is OUR main objective.
This Quarter 4, Physical Education and Health (Module 1 & 2) is designed to escalate your
prior understanding of the orienteering and management of outdoor recreational activities. Activities
are designed to activate you prior knowledge, deepen your understanding and help you relate to their
characteristics as you immerse yourself in analyzing, creating, and perform physical activities. They
are also aligned in the level where you can independently learn the concepts and transfer it for better
learning. Please accomplish all the exciting activities that were chosen to make your learning more
enjoyable.
Manual
For the Facilitator - this gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners on how to use the
supplementary learning.
For the learner- this contains instructions on how to use the supplementary learning materials (SLM).
Reading Materials- This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help
you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
– Learning Activity Sheets- This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify
your understanding and skills of the topic.
ASSESSMENT- This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving
the learning
competency
REFLECTIVE DIARY- This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your
new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
II – READING MATERIAL
ORIENTEERING
Orienteering is an outdoor activity where participants’ goal is finding the various checkpoints
(with specific sequence) in a pre – set course using a specially created detailed map and the
compass to navigate in an unfamiliar terrain. Orienteering can be done as a fun recreational activity or
a very competitive sport requiring navigational skills, techniques, and decision making skills to bring a
person from one place to another at the least time possible. In this activity, the start is marked with a
triangle on the map, other locations are marked by a circle and the final destination is marked by a
double circle.
Orienteering as an activity is fun and challenges you more to be physically and mentally fit
especially at competitive levels. For the marines, the navy, the army, park rangers and those involve
in search and rescue, joining orienteering competitions hone their skills. It is also a required skill for
trekkers, hikers, hunters and even bird-watchers as the backcountry or the mountain is a big area to
get lost in.
Distance on a Map
Maps are scaled. Usually below the map you will see something like this: 1:10,000, 1:15, 000 or
1:25,000. This is the scale that the map used. A scale is actually a ratio where 1:25,000 means that 1
unit distance on the map is equivalent to 25,000 units distance in the real world.
Magnetic North Lines
Orienteering maps have lines representing magnetic north. There are three norths: true north,
magnetic north and grid north. True North is the direction of North Pole, directly under the North Star.
The Grid North is what is used on maps. The Magnetic North is where the compass normally points
and this is what is used in orienteering.
Legends
The legend is another important feature of the orienteering map as it will tell you valuable
information. It will describe the terrain, roads, buildings, rivers using symbols. The symbols and what
they represent will give an idea how the place looks like. The color of lines in an orienteering map
symbolizes different things:
Blue – water features
Black – rock features and man – made features
White – normal, open woods
Green – thick vegetation, shades and patterns denote type
Yellow – non – wooded land, shades and patterns
denote type Brown – natural non – rock features and
contour lines
The International Orienteering Federation (IOF) has published all accepted symbols for the use of
orienteering maps, which include boulders, rocky field, cliffs, etc. Some symbols used for orienteering
maps are as follows:
2. Orienteering Compass - sometimes called a base plate compass. It has the advantage of
being a compass and a protractor combined.
An orienteering compass typically consists of three main parts: a magnetic needle, a revolving
compass housing, and a transparent base plate. The magnetic needles north end is painted red and its
south end white. The housing is marked with the four cardinal points of north, east, south, and west and
further divided into 2 degree graduations indicating the full 360 degrees of a circle. The bottom of the
rotating housing is marked with an orienting arrow, and meridian lines. The base plate is marked with a
ruler (and/or USGS map scales), an index line (bearing reading line), as well as a direction of travel
arrow.
How does one navigate using the map and compass?
A fundamental skill for navigating with a map and compass is taking a bearing the specific direction
you’ll follow to navigate between two points.
To take a bearing, lay your map on a flat surface and place your compass on it. Mark your current
position on the map and where you want to go, and then draw a line between the two points. Place
the straight edge of the compass’s base along the line, and point its direction-of-travel arrow in the
direction you want to go.
Rotate the bezel until the orienting lines align with the grid lines running north to south on the map.
The north marker on the compass’ bezel should point north on the map. The number that aligns with
your index line is your bearing.
To follow that bearing, turn your body until the needle is inside the orienting arrow. The direction-of-
travel arrow now points toward your destination.
Before you start hiking, account for magnetic declination. Your compass points to magnetic north,
which varies from true north. Declination is the difference between true and magnetic north. If you
don’t account for it, the difference can send you far off course. For example, 10 degrees can make
you miss your mark by 920 feet (over 306 yards) for every mile hiked..
In western Virginia, the declination is 9 degrees west. Therefore, the bearing for due north is not zero
degrees. It’s 351 degrees. To account for declination, go through the steps we discussed to get your
bearing, and then rotate the bezel 9 degrees west to get your true bearing.
To avoid doing this math, buy a compass with adjustable declination. You’ll then calibrate the
compass before your trip so your bearings read true. Declinations change over time, so you must
recalibrate every few years.
What is face to face factor in navigation?
A pace is equivalent to two steps. Stand with both feet side by side. Starting with the left foot,
step forward then put the right foot forward. The two steps-made is equivalent to one pace. Pace
factor is a way of computing or determining how many paces you need to travel between two points.
Basic Navigation Skills
DANGER – Always check first the danger and source of injury. Make sure the surroundings
are safe and out of danger, otherwise, you will also allow yourself to be a victim.
RESPONSIVENESS – Can the casualty hear your voice? Can they open and close their eyes?
Are there any movements? Do they respond to touch?
SEND – Send for help or shout for help.
AIRWAY– Is the person’s airway clear? If the person is not responding and is unconscious,
check airway by opening the mouth and having a look inside. Tilting the head back with chin
facing up will clear an airway.
BREATHING – Make sure that the victim is breathing by looking at breathing signs, listening to
exhales, feeling air coming out of the mouth or nose.
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) – If an adult is unconscious, no pulse, and not
breathing, perform the CPR until the emergency personnel or medics arrive.
How is cardiopulmonary resuscitation administered?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that is administered when breathing
and heartbeat of a person stopped, such as during a heart attack and drowning.
CPR involves the CAB process that stands for compression (restoration of blood circulation), airway
(clearing of airway), and breathing (breathe for the person).
In administering first aid, it is important to know when to use CPR. If there is no breathing and no
pulse is felt, administer the CPR cycle – 30 compressions, then two breaths until help arrives. In
administering CPR or compression, the following must be done.
Common Injuries and Illnesses in the Outdoors
C. Concussions
Concussion is a traumatic brain injury that is often caused by a blow or bump to the
head or body. Cuts and bruises may be seen on the head or face. Some lose
consciousness or forget what happened before the injury; others do not.
Treatment:
1. Treat cuts.
2. Apply ice or compress if no ice is available.
3. Rest until symptoms disappear.
4. Watch out for symptoms that need emergency action.
D. Blister
Blisters are a result of ill – fitting footwear. It is especially seen among hikers and
trekkers. Blisters can be painful and may cause discomfort. Treat blisters with the
following:
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and warm water.
2. Swab the blister with iodine.
3. Sterilize a clean, sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol.
4. Use the needle to puncture the blister. Aim for several spots near the blister's edge.
Let the fluid drain, but leave the overlying skin in place.
5. Apply an ointment such as petroleum jelly to the blister and cover it with a nonstick
gauze bandage. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
6. Follow-up care. Check the area every day for infection. After several days, cut away
all the dead skin, using a tweezers and scissors sterilized with rubbing alcohol.
Apply more ointment and a bandage.
E. Burns or Scalds
Burns or scalds are injuries on the skin caused by hot liquid or heat.
1. Stop the burning process as soon as possible. This may mean removing the person from the
area, dousing flames with water, or smothering flames with a blanket. Do not put yourself at
risk of getting burnt as well.
2. Remove any clothing or jewelry near the burnt area of skin, including babies' nappies. But do
not try to remove anything that's stuck to the burnt skin, as this could cause more damage.
3. Cool the burn with cool or lukewarm running water for 20 minutes as soon as possible after the
injury. Never use ice, iced water, or any creams or greasy substances like butter.
4. Keep yourself or the person warm. Use a blanket or layers of clothing, but avoid putting them
on the injured area. Keeping warm will prevent hypothermia, where a person's body
temperature drops below 35C (95F). This is a risk if you're cooling a large burnt area,
particularly in young children and elderly people.
5. Cover the burn with cling film. Put the cling film in a layer over the burn, rather than wrapping it
around a limb. A clean clear plastic bag can be used for burns on your hand.
6. Treat the pain from a burn with paracetamol or ibuprofen. Always check the manufacturer's
instructions when using over-the-counter medication. Children under 16 years of age should
not be given aspirin.
7. Sit upright as much as possible if the face or eyes are burnt. Avoid lying down for as long as
possible, as this will help reduce swelling.
Common Illnesses or Sickness Experienced in Outdoor Recreation
1. Fever - A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can
vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 °F (37 °C). A fever is not a disease. It
is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection.
2. Headache – are often experienced in trekking or hiking due to lack of eye protection from the
sun’s rays, tension of the neck, dehydration, swelling of brain tissue due to excessive sweating
over a period of days and consumption of large amounts of water without taking salt tablets.
3. Altitude or Mountain Sickness – it happens because the rate of the ascent into higher altitudes
outpaces the body’s ability to adjust to those altitudes
4. Hyperthermia – is a condition where the body produces or absorbs heat more than it can
dissipate. This may cause by an increase in air temperature, solar or reflected radiation, poor
ventilation in clothing, low fitness level and excess bulk of the reduced ratio of skin area to
body mass.
5. Heat Cramps – usually happen during heavy activity in hot environments.
6. Heat Exhaustion – it happens when water is not sufficient for the body’s demand in a particular
outdoor activity that it becomes dehydrated and salt – depleted.
7. Heat Stroke – is the most serious degree of hyperthermia. Heatstroke is a condition caused by
your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high
temperatures.
8. Hypothermia – occurs when the body chills faster than the body’s ability to produce heat due to
exposure to cold, wet, and/or windy weather.
9. Diving – Related Sickness
a. Barotrauma is a serious injury that can occur because of pressure differences between the
body’s air – filled cavities and the water.
b. Decompression Sickness or DCS is a serious deep water diving related injury. It happens
when divers fail to follow prescribed dive profiles and it can also happen after a rapid
ascent.
Outdoor recreational activities entail a combination of challenge, risk and adventure. The
presence of the risk factor in an outdoor activity creates some uncertainty and the possibility of
negative outcomes. Safety is always a consideration but this cannot always be guaranteed because
there are factors where one has little control at all such as sudden rock fall or inclement weather
condition. However, there are ways of managing and reducing these risks and these can be planned
prior to the activity.
Risk Identification
Hazards are things that have potential to harm while risk is the likelihood of realizing such
potential. Risk identification therefore first involves knowing the hazards of the activity. There are
three sources of hazards that may give rise to the risks. These are the following:
a. Hazards from human factor
b. Hazards from equipment
c. Hazards from the environment
Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is a systematic process of identifying hazards and evaluating any associated
risks within a workplace, then implementing reasonable control measures to remove or reduce them.
Risk assessment also includes understanding the degree of the risk and probability or
likelihood of it happening or
occurring. The experience of the organizers, facilitator or leader of the activities may have an
insightful input on this matter. Knowledge of the location, the activity itself the level of competence of
the participants, and the level of confidence given to activity coordinators/facilitators or leaders in
terms of their competence will also contribute in the assessment.
Risk Reduction
Risk reduction is coming out with strategies and implementing the strategies that will minimize
the risks of the
activities. This will include detailed pre – trip planning, coming up with policies and procedures, staff
training, equipment inspection and maintenance and knowing the participants prior to the activity.
Direction: Analyze the images carefully. Identify the profile or side-view image that will match the
contour lines on the left. Encircle your answer.
Direction: Study the map. Use the numbers on the map as reference in identifying the following
legend.
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________ Activity 4: Risk Management Plan
Direction: Make a risk management plan for a specific outdoor activity. Identify the hazard, risk,
assessment and reduction strategy by filling in the details below.
Activity:
_________________________________________________
Planned Site of the Activity:
_________________________________
Environmental factors:
Equipment:
ASSESSMENT:
Direction: Choose the letter of the word/phrase that corresponds to your answer. Write the correct
letter on the spaces provided before each number.
________1. It is an outdoor activity where participants’ goal is finding the various checkpoints in a
pre-set course using especially created detailed map and the compass to navigate in an
unfamiliar terrain.
A. Orienteering B. Camping C. Trekking D. Hiking
________ 2. It is a feature in the orienteering map that uses symbols to describes the terrain, roads,
buildings, rivers, etc.
A. Compass B. Map C. Legend D. Whistle
________ 3. Which of the following illnesses happens because the rate of ascent into higher altitudes
outpaces the body’s ability to adjust to those altitudes?
A. Headache B. Altitude/Mountain Sickness C. Decompression Sickness D.
Barotrauma
________ 4. The following are different degrees of hyperthermia EXCEPT ONE
A. Heat Exhaustion B. Heat Stroke C. Heat Cramps D. Barotrauma
________ 5. It is a two-dimension representation of a three-dimension surface.
A. Compass B. Magnetic north lines C. Map D. Legend
________ 6. What health – related benefits can we get from orienteering?
A. Cardiovascular strength
B. Strong heart, lungs and muscles
C. Balance of mental and physical exertion D. All of the above
________ 7. It is a serious injury that can occur because of pressure differences between the body’s
air-filled cavities and the water.
A. Barotrauma B. Fever C. Hypothermia D. Hyperthermia
________ 8. It is a systematic process of identifying hazards and evaluating any associated risks
within a workplace, then implementing reasonable control measures to remove or reduce them.
A. Risk Identification B. Risk Assessment C. Risk Reduction D. Hazard
________ 9. It is coming out with strategies and implementing the strategies that will minimize the
risks of the activities.
A. Risk Assessment B. Risk Identification C. Hazard D. Risk Reduction
________10. The following are sources of hazards that may give rise to risks EXCEPT ONE
A. Human factor C. Accident
B. Environment D. Equipment
V – REFLECTIVE DIARY
Direction: Answer the following questions based on what you have learned based on the lesson.
1. If you will be administering first aid, what skills should you possess? Think of three
important skills and expound your answer. (5 points)
______________________________________________________________
______________
_________________________________________________________________________
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Day : Friday
Time : 10:30-11:30
Quarter : 4
Week : 5-8
Module No : 1 & 2
MELC : Observes personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion, hypo and
hyperthermia during MVPA participation PEH12FH-IIk-t-10
Demonstrates proper etiquette and safety in the use of facilities and equipment
PEH12FH-IIa-t-12
Participates in an organized event that addresses health/fitness issues and concerns
PEH12FH-IIk-o-13
Organizes fitness event for a target health issue or concern. PEH12FH-IIo-t-17
Prepared by:
Checked by:
ANALYNE L. LUMANGLAS
MT II, Subject Group Head, Sports