A

DISSERTATION REPORT
ON
PLC-BASED SMART RELAY COORDINATION SYSTEM FOR
SMART ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
Submitted to the
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University
In the fulfilment of requirement of degree of
B.E. Electrical Engineering

By

MR. PRANAV SHRIRAM MAHAJAN

MR. SUMIT BHASKAR MORE

MR. HIMANSHU GAJANAN PATIL

MR. MOHIT DILIP PATIL

MR. VIVEK JAGADISH SAPAKALE

Guided by
Prof. Nilesh.R.Budukhale

Department of Electrical Engineering

LSSBM’s
Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering, Malkapur

Dist. Buldhana, 443101

2023-24
 Vision and Mission of Institute
Vision
To be an autonomous institution offering multidisciplinary quality education programs aligned with
provisions of NEP 2020 and satisfy stakeholder’s needs.

Mission

1. To achieve excellence in academics, research and services continuously improving the quality.
2. To ensure the wholesome development of students implementing the provisions of NEP 2020.
3. To develop professional ethics, universal human values, constitutional values, and 21stcentury
skills in students.
4. To observe provisions of quality education declared by the accreditation agencies.

Vision and Mission of Department

Vision
To provide high quality education and research in electrical engineering to satisfy the needs of industry
and society.
Mission

1. To develop complex problem solving competencies through laboratory work, projects and
industrial training.

2. To create opportunities for the wholesome development of students to excel in a dynamic

technical environment.

3. To inspire students to contribute for improving the quality of life of people in the vicinity.

4. To create facilities for research and development for electrical and allied engineering
 LSSBM’s

Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering,

Malkapur Dist. Buldhana, 443101

Department of Electrical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “PLC Based Smart Relay
Coordination System For Smart Electricity Distribution” has been carried out
successfully by

MR. PRANAV SHRIRAM MAHAJAN

MR. SUMIT BHASKAR MORE

MR. HIMANSHU GAJANAN PATIL

MR. MOHIT DILIP PATIL

MR. VIVEK JAGADISH SAPAKALE

It is bonafied work carried out under the supervision of Prof. N.R.Budukhale and is
approved for partial fulfillment of the requirement of the university of Pune, for the award
of Degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering.

Prof. N.R.Budukhale Prof. Y. P. Sushir Dr. A. W. Kharche

Assistance Professor Head of Department Principal
Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering
VBKCOE, Malkapur VBKCOE, Malkapur VBKCOE, Malkapur

Date:
Place: Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering, Malkapur, 443101
 EXAMINER’S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation report titled “PLC Based Smart Relay
Coordination System For Smart Electricity Distribution”, submitted by Pranav
Shriram Mahajan, Sumit Bhaskar More, Himanshu Gajanan Patil, Mohit
Dilip Patil, Vivek Jagadish Sapakale has been approved for the award of degree
Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati
University.

Examiner

Name:…………
Guide

Prof. N.R.Budukhale

HOD

Prof. Y. P. Sushir
Principal

Dr. A. W. Kharche

Date:

Place: Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering, Malkapur, 443101

i
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express profound gratitude to my guide Prof. Nilesh.R.Budukhale for

his cherished support, encouragement, supervision, and useful suggestions throughout this
project work. His moral support and continuous guidance enabled me to complete my project
work successfully.

I am grateful for the cooperation and constant encouragement from our honorable Head
of Department Prof. Y. P. Sushir. His regular suggestions made my work easy and proficient.

I wish to express my appreciation to Principal of VBKCOE., Dr. A. W. Kharche who

helps me to overcome my doubt in doing this project work.

Last but not the least, I am thankful and indebted to my family and all those who helped
me directly or indirectly in the completion of this project work.

Name of student Examination No.

 PRANAV SHRIRAM MAHAJAN 21BF310422

 SUMIT BHASKAR MORE 21BF470002
 HIMANSHU GAJANAN PATIL 21BF310410
 MOHIT DILIP PATIL 21BF310415
 VIVEK JAGADISH SAPAKALE 21BF310443

ii
 INDEX

PAGE
Sr. No. CONTENTS
NO.
Certificate
Examiner’s Certificate i
Acknowledgment ii
List of figures iv
List Of Tables v
Abbreviation vi
Abstract vii
1 Chapter: 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 2
2 Chapter: 2 Literature Survey 6-9
2.1 Literature review 6
2.2 Problem identification 9
2.3 Motivation of the project 10
2.4 Objective of the project 10
2.5 Framework of the project 11
2.6 Questionnaire 11
2.7 Hypothesis 11
2.8 Research gap 12
3 Chapter: 3 System Design And Development 13-47
3.1 Block Description of PLC 13
3.2 Circuit Design Of PLC 16
3.3 Rectifier 28
3.4 Three Terminal Voltage Regulators 29
3.5 Current Transformer Theory 36
3.6 Consruction Detail of Realy 39
3.7 Protective Relaying Design Methods 46
4 Chapter: 4 SoftWare Development 48-56
4.1 PLC Programing 48
4.2 Program Structure 50
4.3 HMI Human Machine Interface 51
4.4 Program Execution 53
5 Chapter : 5 Performance and Analysis 57-60
5.1 System Testing 57
5.2 Testing Objectives 57
5.3 Continuity Test 57
5.4 Power on Test 59
6 Chapter: 6- Conclusion and Future Scope 61-76
6.1 Conclusion 61
6.2 Future Scope 61
Publications And Certificates 63-72
iii
References 73-76

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

SR.NO. FIGURE NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

1. 3.1 PLC Based Relay Co-Ordination System for 13

Smart Electricity Distribution
2. 3.2 Circuit Diagram of PLC Based Relay Co- 16
Ordination System for Smart Electricity
Distribution
3. 3.3 16x2 LCD 19

4. 3.4 Zero PCB 20

5. 3.5 Capacitors 21

6. 3.6 Resistors 21

7. 3.7 Crystal Oscillator 22

8. 3.8 BLDC Motor 22

9. 3.9 Electronics Signal Controller 23

10. 3.10 SMPS 12V/2 Amp 25

11. 3.11 433MHz RF Module 26

12. 3.12 AT mega 328 Microcontroller 28

13. 3.13 Block Diagram of Microcontroller 30

14. 3.14 Pin diagram of Atmega 328 31

15. 3.15 Arduino UNO 33

v
 LIST OF TABLES

SR. NO. TABLE NO. NAME OF TABLE PAGE NO.

1 4.1 ******

vi
 ABBREVIATION

AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator

CB Circuit Breaker

CT Current Transformer
Ascending order
only

vii
 ABSTRACT

This project proposes a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) based smart relay coordination
system for smart electricity distribution. The objective is to enhance the reliability and efficiency
of power distribution networks by implementing an intelligent relay coordination scheme. The
system utilizes PLC technology to communicate and coordinate the operation of relays in real-
time, ensuring optimal protection and fault isolation in the distribution network.
The smart relay coordination system employs a hierarchical architecture comprising of local PLC-
based controllers and a central control unit. The local controllers are installed at various points in
the distribution network, while the central control unit acts as the supervisory system. The local
controllers continuously monitor the electrical parameters, fault conditions, and relay status at
their respective locations. They exchange information with neighboring local controllers and the
central control unit to collectively analyze and determine the appropriate relay settings and
coordination schemes. The proposed system offers several advantages over traditional relay
coordination methods. It enables faster fault detection and isolation, thereby minimizing downtime
and reducing the impact of faults on the overall system. The intelligent coordination scheme also
optimizes the protection settings, ensuring that only the necessary relays are activated during a
fault, which enhances the operational efficiency of the distribution network. Additionally, the
system provides real-time monitoring and remote control capabilities, allowing operators to
quickly respond to faults and manage the distribution network effectively.
In conclusion, the PLC-based smart relay coordination system presented in this project offers a
robust and intelligent solution for smart electricity distribution. By leveraging PLC technology and
real-time communication, the system improves the reliability, efficiency, and fault management
capabilities of the distribution network. The proposed system has the potential to revolutionize
power distribution by enabling smarter and more responsive protection schemes, thereby
enhancing the overall performance and resilience of the electricity gri

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