EARTHWORKS 5) Soil poisoning:
a. Applying chemical treatments to the soil to
1) Excavation:
a. Clearing the site of any obstacles or debris.
b. Marking out the area to be excavated according to
engineering plans.
c. Using heavy machinery such as excavators or
bulldozers to dig and remove soil.
d. Ensuring proper safety measures are in place,
such as shoring or trench boxes if required.
e. Regularly inspecting the excavation to check for
stability and potential hazards.
2) Backfill and compaction:
a. Bringing in suitable fill material to replace the
excavated area.
b. Layering the fill material in accordance with
engineering specifications.
c. Compact each layer of fill material using
compactors or rollers to achieve the desired
density.
d. Ensuring proper compaction to prevent settling
and maintain structural integrity.
3) Grading and compaction:
a. Using grading equipment such as graders or
bulldozers to shape the land to the desired
contours.
b. Ensuring proper drainage by grading the land
away from structures or towards designated
drainage areas.
c. Compacting the graded surface using rollers or
compactors to achieve the specified density.
d. Checking the finished grade against engineering
plans to ensure accuracy.
4) Gravel bedding and compaction:
a. Spreading a layer of gravel or crushed stone to
provide a stable base for structures or utilities.
b. Compacting the gravel layer to achieve the
desired density and stability.
c. Ensuring proper thickness and uniformity of the
gravel layer according to project specifications.
d. Inspecting the finished gravel bedding for any
unevenness or defects.
eliminate or control pests, weeds, or pathogens.
b. Following safety protocols and guidelines for
handling and applying soil poisons.
c. Ensuring proper coverage and penetration of the
soil poison to effectively treat the target areas.
d. Monitoring the treated soil to assess effectiveness
and reapplying treatments as necessary.
e. Disposing of any leftover chemicals or containers
in accordance with environmental regulations.
STRUCTURAL WOKRS
Concreting and formworks:
1). Prepare formwork structural works:
a. Cutting and assembling formwork components such as
plywood sheets, timber planks, or steel panels
according to the structural drawings and specifications.
b. Ensuring that the formwork is adequately braced and
supported to withstand the pressure exerted by the
wet concrete.
c. Securing the formwork in place using clamps, nails, or
screws to prevent shifting during concrete placement.
2). Install formwork supports and bracing:
a. Erecting temporary supports, such as props or
scaffolding, to hold the formwork in position at the
desired elevation.
b. Installing diagonal bracing or lateral supports to ensure
stability and prevent the formwork from collapsing
under the weight of the concrete.
c. Checking and adjusting the supports and bracing as
necessary to maintain proper alignment and stability
throughout the concreting process.
3). Check formwork dimensions and alignments:
a. Verifying that the formwork dimensions match the
dimensions specified in the structural drawings,
including height, width, and thickness.
b. Using measuring tools such as tape measures or laser
levels to ensure accurate alignment and positioning of
the formwork.
c. Checking for any deviations or discrepancies in
formwork dimensions and making adjustments as
needed to maintain structural integrity and dimensional
accuracy.
4). Apply form release agent:
a. Applying a form release agent to the interior surfaces
of the formwork to prevent the concrete from sticking
and facilitate easy removal of the forms after curing.
b. Spraying or brushing the release agent onto the
formwork surfaces evenly and ensuring complete
coverage.
c. Following manufacturer instructions regarding the
application and drying time of the release agent to
ensure effective performance.
Cast-In-Place Concrete
1) Set up concrete batching plant:
a. Selecting an appropriate location for the batching plant,
considering access for concrete trucks and proximity to the
construction site.
b. Setting up the batching plant equipment, including concrete
mixers, aggregate bins, cement silos, and admixture storage
tanks.
c. Calibrating the batching plant to ensure accurate proportions
of materials in the concrete mix.
d. Conducting regular maintenance and inspections of the
batching plant to ensure smooth operation throughout the
construction process.
2) Pour concrete for footings, foundation walls, slabs, etc.:
a. Coordinating with the concrete supplier to schedule
deliveries based on the construction timeline and
requirements.
b. Preparing the forms and reinforcement for the concrete
elements, such as footings, foundation walls, and slabs.
c. Supervising the pouring of concrete to ensure proper
placement and consolidation.
d. Monitoring the concrete temperature and slump during
placement to ensure quality and workability.
e. Using vibration equipment to consolidate the concrete and
remove air voids, ensuring structural integrity.
3) Strike off and finish concrete surfaces:
a. After pouring, using screeds or straightedges to level and
smooth the surface of the freshly poured concrete.
b. Performing any necessary finishing techniques, such as
troweling or brooming, to achieve the desired surface
texture.
c. Ensuring uniformity and consistency in the finish across the
entire concrete surface.
d. Checking for any defects or imperfections and addressing
them promptly to achieve a high-quality finish.
4) Cure concrete using curing compounds or curing blankets:
a. Applying curing compounds or membranes to the surface of
the freshly poured concrete to retain moisture and promote
proper curing.
b. Ensuring even coverage of the curing compound and
following manufacturer's recommendations for application
and curing time.
c. Alternatively, using curing blankets or wet curing methods to
protect the concrete from drying out too quickly and ensure
adequate strength development.
d. Monitoring the curing process and taking appropriate
measures to maintain optimal curing conditions, such as
shading the concrete from direct sunlight or protecting it from
rain.
5) Saw contraction joints as required:
a. Determining the appropriate locations for contraction joints
based on the size and layout of the concrete elements and
the anticipated shrinkage of the concrete.
b. Using concrete saws equipped with diamond blades to cut
contraction joints to the specified depth and spacing.
c. Ensuring straight and clean cuts to control cracking and
promote proper expansion and contraction of the concrete.
d. Removing any debris or residue from the saw cuts and
sealing the joints as necessary to prevent water infiltration.
 MASONRY WORKS
Masonry Reinforcements:
1) Procure and Deliver Masonry Reinforcement:
a. Identify the required masonry reinforcement types and
quantities from structural drawings.
b. Source masonry reinforcement materials from suppliers,
ensuring compliance with project specifications.
c. Coordinate delivery schedules to ensure timely arrival of
reinforcement materials to the construction site.
d. Verify the quality and quantity of masonry reinforcement
upon delivery, checking for any damage or discrepancies.
2) Fabricate Masonry Reinforcement Elements:
a. Review structural drawings to determine the dimensions,
spacing, and types of reinforcement required.
b. Cut steel bars to the specified lengths using cutting tools
such as saws or torches.
c. Bend steel bars into the required shapes and configurations
using bending equipment.
d. Weld or tie reinforcement elements together according to
engineering and design specifications.
3) Install Masonry Reinforcement:
a. Prepare wall cavities and designated locations for the
installation of masonry reinforcement.
b. Position reinforcement elements within wall cavities,
ensuring proper alignment and spacing.
c. Secure reinforcement in place using wire ties, clips, or
mortar, as appropriate.
d. Install additional reinforcement at critical locations such as
corners, openings, or areas prone to structural stresses.
e. Verify compliance with structural drawings and specifications
throughout the installation process.
Concrete Masonry Units (CMU):
1) Procure and Deliver Concrete Masonry Units:
a. Identify the types, sizes, and quantities of concrete masonry
units (CMU) required for the project from architectural and
structural drawings.
b. Source CMU materials from suppliers, ensuring they meet
project specifications and quality standards.
c. Coordinate delivery schedules to ensure timely arrival of
CMU materials to the construction site.
d. Verify the quality and quantity of CMU upon delivery,
checking for any damage or discrepancies.
2) Lay Out CHB Walls According to Drawings:
a. Review architectural and structural drawings to determine
the layout and dimensions of CHB walls.
b. Mark wall locations and dimensions on the prepared footing
or foundation, following the drawings.
c. Use string lines, chalk lines, or other layout tools to establish
precise wall positions and alignments.
3) Lay First Course of CHBs on Prepared Footing/Foundation:
a. Prepare the footing or foundation surface by cleaning and
leveling as necessary.
b. Apply a bed of mortar on the prepared footing or foundation.
c. Place the first course of concrete masonry units (CMU) on
the mortar bed, ensuring proper alignment and level.
d. Use a level and mallet to adjust CMU as needed to achieve
straight and plumb walls.
4) Install Vertical and Horizontal Reinforcement: Masonry Assembles:

a. Insert vertical reinforcement bars into designated cores of 1. Apply Rough Plastering to Masonry Walls using Mortar Mix:
CMU as specified in the structural drawings.
 Prepare the mortar mix to the required consistency for
b. Install horizontal reinforcement (e.g., bond beams, lintels) at plastering.
specified locations within the wall.
 Apply a coat of mortar to the masonry walls using a trowel.
c. Secure reinforcement in place using mortar or grout,
ensuring proper embedment and alignment.  Roughly spread the mortar over the surface of the walls,
covering joints and irregularities.
5) Continue Layering CHBs:
 Ensure even distribution of mortar to achieve uniform
a. Apply mortar to the horizontal joints of the first course of coverage.
CMU.
2. Roughly Trowel Mortar onto CHB Surfaces to Cover Joints and
b. Place subsequent courses of CMU on top of the first course, Irregularities:
staggering joints for stability.
 Mix mortar to the appropriate consistency for troweling.
c. Ensure proper alignment and level of each course as the
wall is built upward.  Apply mortar to the surface of concrete masonry units (CMU)
using a trowel.
6) Fill CHB Cores with Grout or Mortar as Necessary:
 Roughly trowel the mortar to cover joints and irregularities in
a. Fill designated cores of CMU with grout or mortar to provide
the CMU surface.
additional reinforcement and stability.
 Work the mortar into the surface to ensure adequate
b. Use a grout pump or mortar bag to fill cores completely and
coverage and adhesion.
ensure proper consolidation.
3. Texture or Pattern the Plaster Surface as Required:
7) Install Bond Beams and Lintels as Specified:
 Use texturing tools or techniques to create desired patterns
a. Place bond beams and lintels at specified intervals or
or textures on the plaster surface.
locations within the CMU wall.

b. Ensure proper alignment and embedment of bond beams  Follow architectural plans or design specifications for the
and lintels within the mortar joints. desired finish.

c. Securely bond bond beams and lintels to adjacent CMU  Apply texturing evenly across the surface to maintain
units to provide structural support. consistency in appearance.
 4. Allow Plaster to Cure and Set Before Further Finishing:
 Monitor the curing process to ensure proper hydration of the
plaster.
 Protect the plastered surface from excessive moisture loss
or drying too quickly.
 Allow sufficient time for the plaster to cure and set before
proceeding with further finishing.
Sewer and Drainage:
1) Installation of Pipes:
a. Determine the layout and route of sewer and drainage pipes
based on the architectural and plumbing drawings.
b. Excavate trenches according to the planned pipe layout,
ensuring proper slope for drainage.
c. Lay pipes in the trenches, joining them using appropriate
fittings and couplings.
d. Ensure proper alignment and grade of pipes for efficient
drainage flow.
e. Secure pipes in place using supports or bedding materials
as necessary.
2) Layout of Septic Tank:
a. Determine the location and dimensions of the septic tank
based on regulatory requirements and site conditions.
b. Mark out the area for excavation and installation of the septic
tank, following architectural and engineering plans.
c. Ensure adequate clearance from buildings, property lines,
and water sources.
3) Excavation of Septic Tank:
a. Excavate the designated area for the septic tank to the
required depth and dimensions.
Water System:
b. Remove soil and debris from the excavation site, ensuring a
clean and stable work area.
c. Shape the excavation to match the dimensions of the septic
tank and allow for proper installation.
4) Fabrication of Steel Frame for Septic Tank:
a. Fabricate a steel frame or reinforcement structure for the
septic tank according to engineering specifications.
b. Cut and weld steel components to the required dimensions
and configuration.
c. Ensure the frame provides sufficient support and
reinforcement for the septic tank structure.
5) Steel Frame Installation:
a. Lower the fabricated steel frame into the excavated area for
the septic tank.
b. Position the frame securely in place, ensuring proper
alignment and level.
c. Secure the frame to the surrounding soil or foundation using
anchors or braces.
d. Verify the stability and integrity of the installed steel frame.
6) Concreting of Septic Tank:
a. Construct the septic tank using reinforced concrete or
precast concrete components.
b. Pour concrete into the steel frame or formwork, ensuring
complete filling and consolidation.
c. Level and finish the concrete surface to the desired
specifications.
d. Allow the concrete to cure and set according to the
recommended time frame before further handling or
backfilling.
1) Installation of Pipes: ELECTRICAL WORKS
a. Determine the layout and routing of water supply pipes 1. Installation of Conduits:
based on architectural and plumbing drawings.
 Determine the routing and placement of electrical conduits
b. Select appropriate piping materials such as PEX, copper, or based on electrical plans and building codes.
PVC based on local codes and project requirements.
 Select appropriate conduit types (e.g., PVC, metal) based on
c. Cut pipes to the required lengths using pipe cutters or saws, application and environmental conditions.
ensuring clean and square cuts.
 Cut conduits to the required lengths using conduit cutters or
d. Install pipe fittings such as elbows, tees, and couplings as saws, ensuring clean and straight cuts.
needed to connect pipes and navigate around obstacles.
 Secure conduits in place using straps, clamps, or hangers to
e. Secure pipes in place using straps, hangers, or supports to
maintain proper spacing and alignment.
prevent sagging or movement.
 Install conduit bends, elbows, and junction boxes as needed
f. Test the installed pipes for leaks and proper water flow,
to navigate around obstacles and change direction.
conducting pressure tests as necessary.
 Verify that conduit runs comply with electrical code
g. Insulate pipes located in unconditioned spaces to prevent
requirements for fill capacity and maximum bending radius.
freezing during cold weather.
2. Installation of Wires:
2) Installation of Plumbing Fixtures:

a. Procure plumbing fixtures including sinks, toilets, showers,  Pull electrical wires through installed conduits using fish
bathtubs, and faucets according to project specifications. tapes, cable pullers, or wire guides.

b. Prepare mounting locations for each fixture, ensuring proper  Ensure proper sizing and type of wires according to electrical
spacing and alignment with plumbing connections. load requirements and circuit designations.

c. Install mounting brackets or supports for each fixture  Strip insulation from wire ends and terminate them securely
securely to walls or floors. into electrical boxes, switches, outlets, or junctions.

d. Connect water supply lines to each fixture, ensuring proper  Connect wires to terminal screws, wire nuts, or splice
sizing and sealing of connections to prevent leaks. connectors following color-coding and wiring diagrams.

e. Install drain lines and traps for wastewater disposal,  Properly dress and bundle wires within conduits and junction
ensuring proper slope and venting to prevent blockages and boxes to minimize clutter and maintain organization.
odors.

f. Test each plumbing fixture for proper functionality, including

water flow, drainage, and flushing.

g. Make any necessary adjustments or repairs to ensure all

fixtures operate correctly and meet quality standards.

3. Installation of Switches and Outlets:

  Mount electrical boxes for switches and outlets at designated
locations based on electrical plans.
 Secure boxes in place using screws or anchors, ensuring
they are level and flush with the wall surface.
 Install switches, receptacles, and dimmers into electrical
boxes, making sure they are properly aligned and oriented.
 Connect wires to switch terminals and outlet receptacles,
ensuring proper polarity and grounding.
 Test switches and outlets for proper operation and safety,
verifying continuity and insulation resistance.
4. Installation of Electrical Fixtures:
 Procure electrical fixtures such as lighting fixtures, ceiling
fans, and appliances according to project specifications.
 Mount fixtures securely to ceilings, walls, or other surfaces
using appropriate hardware and mounting brackets.
 Connect fixture wires to electrical circuitry, ensuring proper
wiring connections and grounding as required.
 Test fixtures for proper functionality and safety, including
illumination, operation of switches or controls, and electrical
insulation.
 Make any necessary adjustments or repairs to ensure all
fixtures are installed correctly and meet quality standards.
5. Installation of Main Power Line:
 Coordinate with utility providers to establish the main
electrical service to the building.
 Install the main electrical service panel or switchgear
according to utility specifications and electrical codes.
 Connect the main power line to the service panel or
switchgear, ensuring proper sizing and termination.
 Test the main power line for voltage, current, and continuity,
verifying proper electrical supply to the building.
 Label the main electrical panel or switchgear with
appropriate markings and warnings for safety and
identification purposes.
THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
Fabrication of Roofing Materials:
 Procure roofing materials such as shingles, tiles, or metal
panels according to project specifications.
 Prepare roofing materials for installation by cutting, shaping,
or otherwise fabricating them to fit the roof layout.
 Cut shingles or tiles to size using roofing knives, shears, or
saws, ensuring accurate dimensions and clean edges.
 Shape metal panels or flashing using metal brakes, snips, or
bending tools to match roof contours and angles.
 Apply protective coatings or treatments to roofing materials
as necessary to enhance durability and weather resistance.
2. Installation of Roofing Materials:
 Prepare the roof surface by removing old roofing materials,
repairing damaged areas, and ensuring a clean, smooth
substrate.
 Install underlayment and waterproofing membrane to provide
a moisture barrier and enhance roof protection.
 Lay out roofing materials according to roof plans and
specifications, starting from the eaves and working upward.
 Secure roofing materials to the roof deck using nails, screws,
adhesives, or other appropriate fasteners.
 Align and overlap successive rows of shingles, tiles, or
panels to ensure proper water shedding and
weatherproofing.
 Install flashing and trim pieces around roof penetrations,
edges, and valleys to prevent water intrusion and ensure a
watertight seal.
  Seal joints, seams, and penetrations with caulking or
sealants to provide additional protection against moisture
infiltration.
 Inspect the completed roofing installation for proper
alignment, fastening, and weatherproofing, making any
necessary adjustments or repairs to ensure a high-quality
finish.
2. Installation of Stair Railings:
 Determine the design and layout of stair railings based on
architectural drawings and building codes.
 Procure stair railing materials such as balusters, handrails,
and newel posts according to design specifications.
 Install newel posts at the top and bottom of stairs, securing
them to the floor or landing with screws or anchors.

NON-STRUCTURAL WORKS
1. Installation of Doors and Windows:
 Procure doors and windows according to architectural
specifications, ensuring they meet quality and size
requirements.
 Prepare door and window openings by removing any
obstructions and cleaning the surrounding surfaces.
 Install door frames and window frames securely into the
rough openings, ensuring proper alignment and level.
 Shim frames as needed to ensure they are plumb and
square, using shims and a level to make adjustments.
 Attach handrails to newel posts and walls using brackets or
rail fittings, ensuring a secure and sturdy connection.
 Install balusters or spindles between the handrail and the
stair tread or stringer, spacing them evenly according to
code requirements.
 Secure balusters in place using screws or dowels, ensuring
they are properly aligned and parallel to each other.
 Test stair railings for stability and safety, applying pressure
to ensure they can support weight and withstand use.
 Make any necessary adjustments or repairs to ensure stair
railings meet safety standards and provide a secure
handhold for users.

 Attach door and window frames to the surrounding structure

using screws or nails, ensuring a tight fit.

 Install weatherstripping and insulation around the perimeter

of doors and windows to provide a tight seal against air and
water infiltration.

 Hang doors on hinges and install hardware such as handles,

locks, and hinges according to manufacturer instructions.

 Install window sashes and hardware, ensuring smooth

operation and proper sealing against the frame.

 Test doors and windows for proper operation, adjusting as

necessary to ensure smooth opening and closing.

FINISHES
1. Smooth Plastering:
 Prepare the surfaces on both the ground and second floors
by cleaning them thoroughly and removing any dust or
debris.
 Apply a bonding agent or primer to the surfaces to enhance
the adhesion of the plaster.
 Mix the plaster according to manufacturer instructions to
achieve the desired consistency.
 Apply the plaster evenly onto the walls and ceilings using a
trowel or plastering tool, ensuring consistent coverage.
 Smooth out the plaster surface with a float or trowel,
removing any excess material and creating a uniform finish.
 Allow the plaster to dry completely before sanding down any
imperfections and applying additional coats if necessary.
 Sand the dried plaster to achieve a smooth and even surface
suitable for painting or tiling.
2. Painting:
 Prepare the surfaces for painting by filling any cracks or
holes with spackling compound and sanding them smooth.
 Apply a coat of primer to the plastered surfaces to improve
paint adhesion and coverage.
 Select the desired paint color and type (e.g., latex, oil-based)
for both interior walls and ceilings.
 Stir the paint thoroughly before application to ensure uniform
color and consistency.
 Use brushes, rollers, or sprayers to apply the paint evenly
onto the surfaces, working from top to bottom.
 Allow the first coat of paint to dry completely before applying
additional coats as needed to achieve the desired color and
coverage.
 Sand between coats if necessary to smooth out any
imperfections and ensure a professional finish.
3. Installation of Tiles:
 Prepare the substrate on both the ground and second floors
by ensuring it is clean, level, and free of debris.
 Lay out the tiles according to the desired pattern and
spacing, using tile spacers to maintain even grout lines.
 Apply thin-set mortar or tile adhesive to the substrate using a
notched trowel, working in small sections.
 Press the tiles firmly into place, ensuring they are level and
aligned correctly with neighboring tiles.
 Use a tile cutter or wet saw to cut tiles as needed to fit
around obstacles or along edges.
 Allow the adhesive to cure for the recommended time before
grouting the tiles.
 Apply grout to the joints between the tiles using a grout float,
pressing it firmly into the gaps and smoothing it out.
 Wipe off excess grout from the surface of the tiles with a
damp sponge, being careful not to disturb the grout lines.
 Allow the grout to dry completely before sealing the tiles to
protect them from moisture and stains.