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McMinn’s Color Atlas of

Lower Limb
Anatomy
This page intentionally left blank
McMinn’s Color Atlas of

Lower Limb
Anatomy
Fifth Edition
Bari M. Logan MA FMA Hon MBIE MAMAA
Formerly University Prosector, Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, UK; Prosector, Department of Anatomy,
The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK and Anatomical Preparator, Department of Human Morphology,
University of Nottingham Medical School, UK

David J. Bowden MA Vet MB MB BChir FRCR

Consultant Radiologist, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK

Original Photography by Ralph T. Hutchings

Photographer for Visuals Unlimited.com
Formerly Chief Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK

Regional Anaesthesia by:

Anand M. Sardesai MBBS MD DA FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
Sachin Daivajna MBBS MS MRCS
Specialist Registrar
A. H. N. Robinson BSc FRCS (Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
© 2018, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
© 2012 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
© 2004, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
© 1996, 1982 Times Mirror International Publishers Limited.

The rights of Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden and Ralph T. Hutchings to be identified as authors
of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and
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permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements
with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency,
can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or
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Contents

Dedications vii Popliteus muscle and knee joint capsule, from behind, and
Preface viii palpation of popliteal pulse 39
Professor R. M. H. McMinn viii
Leg and foot survey 40
McMinn’s Legacy of Illustrated Anatomy Books ix
Muscles and superficial vessels and nerves of the left leg and
Acknowledgements xii
foot 40
Terminology xiii
Preservation of Cadavers xiii
Orientation Guides xiv 3 Foot 43
Surface landmarks of the foot 44
1 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 1 From the front and behind 44
Sole of the foot 45
Lower limb survey 2
From the medial side 46
From the front 2
From the lateral side 47
From behind 4
From the medial side 6 Skeleton of the foot 48
From the lateral side 8 Disarticulated foot from above 48
Articulated foot from above and below 50
Pelvic viscera 10
Articulated foot with attachments marked 52
Male sagittal section 10
Sesamoid and accessory bones 53
Female sagittal section 12
Articulated foot from the medial and lateral sides 54
Gluteal region 14 Bones of the arches and joints 56
Sciatic nerve and other gluteal structures 14
Foot bones 58
Surface features 15
Talus 58
Left gluteal and ischio-anal region 16
Talus articulated with tibia and fibula 60
Right gluteal and ischio-anal region 17
Talus, tibia and fibula, ligament attachments 62
Hip joint 18 Talus, tibia and fibula, lower end 64
Bones from the front and radiograph 18 Talus, tibia and fibula, lower end, ligament attachments 66
Bones from behind and joint capsule from the front 19 Calcaneus 68
Axial section 20 Navicular, cuboid and cuneiform bones 70
Coronal section and radiograph 21 Metatarsal bones 72

Lower leg and foot 74

2 Thigh, knee and leg 23 From the front 74
From behind and axial section 75
Thigh 24
From the medial side 76
Front of thigh, femoral triangle 24
From the lateral side 77
Back of thigh, gluteal injection 25
Deep fascia from the front and the right 78
Inguinal and femoral regions and palpation of femoral pulse 26
Femoral vessels and nerves 27 Dorsum and sides of the foot 80
Lower thigh, from the front and medial side 28 From the front 80
Axial section 29 From behind and palpation of the dorsalis pedis pulse and
posterior tibial artery 81
Knee joint 30
From the medial side 82
Bones and ligaments from the front 30
From the lateral side 83
Magnetic resonance image (MRI) and joint from the front 31
Deep nerves and vessels 84
Bones from behind 32
Joints beneath the talus 86
Ligaments from behind and above 33
Coronal section 34 Sole of foot 88
Sagittal section I 35 Plantar aponeurosis 88
Sagittal section II 36 First layer structures 90
Sagittal section III 37 Second layer structures and lower leg 91
Popliteal fossa and surface landmarks 38 First layer of muscles 92

v
vi  Contents
Second layer of muscles 93
Third layer of muscles 94
Fourth layer of muscles 95
Ligaments of the foot 96
From above and lateral side 96
From behind 97
From the medial side 98
Ligaments of the sole 99
Sections of the foot 100
Sagittal section through the great toe 100
Sagittal sections through the second toe 102
Sagittal sections through the fifth toe 103
Axial sections through the ankle joint 104
Coronal sections of the ankle and foot 106
Oblique axial sections of the left foot 109
Coronal sections of the tarsus 110
Coronal sections of the metatarsus 111
Great toe 112
Dorsum, nail, and sections of the great toe 112
4 Imaging of the lower limb 115
Lumbar spine 116
Plain radiographic and CT anatomy 116
MRI anatomy—sagittal 117
MRI anatomy—axial 118
Pelvis 119
Plain radiographic anatomy 119
Male and female pelvis, sacrum 120
Developmental changes within the pelvis 121
MRI anatomy of the pelvis 122
MRI anatomy of the hip 123
Arterial anatomy of the pelvis and leg 124
MRA angiographic anatomy of the pelvis and leg 124
Arterial anatomy of the hip 125
Thigh 126
MRI anatomy of the thigh—coronal 126
MRI anatomy of the thigh—axial 127
Knee 128
Plain radiographic anatomy 128
MRI anatomy of the knee—sagittal 129
MRI anatomy of the knee—coronal and axial 130
Arterial anatomy of the knee—DSA, CT 131
Arterial anatomy of the knee—CT, MRI 132
Lower leg 133
MRI anatomy of the lower leg—coronal 133
MRI anatomy of the lower leg—axial 134
Ankle 135
Plain radiographic anatomy 135
MRI anatomy of the ankle—sagittal 136
MRI anatomy of the ankle—axial 137
MRI anatomy of the ankle—coronal and ultrasound anatomy 138
Foot 139
Plain radiographic anatomy 139
MRI anatomy of the foot—coronal 140
MRI anatomy of the foot—axial and sagittal 141
Vascular anatomy of the foot and ankle—CT 142
Paediatric anatomy 144
Appendix 145
Skin 146
Muscles 146
Nerves 152
Regional anaesthesia 155
Lymphatic system 165
Arteries 170
Index 172
 Dedications

To Arlette Herzig and Robert Logan

- Bari Logan

Anna, Jack, George and my parents

- David Bowden

Anne, Sam and Isabel

- Ralph Hutchings

And

To the Memory of an Esteemed Colleague

Professor R. M. H. (Bob) McMinn

Preface

This fifth edition of McMinn’s Colour Atlas of Foot and Ankle
Anatomy, heralds 35 years of publication and brings some
significant changes and most immediate to note is the new
title, McMinn’s Color Atlas of Lower Limb Anatomy, which we
feel reflects more truly the overall direction and content of the
book.
Originally intended as an illustrated reference book for
chiropodists and podiatrists in training, over the ensuing years it
has become equally popular with radiologists, physiotherapists,
sports injury consultants, vascular and orthopaedic surgeons. The
book has therefore become an accepted standard text on the
subject and continues to fill an important niche on medical library
bookshelves worldwide, producing eight language editions:
English, Chinese, Japanese, French, German, Dutch, Russian and
Spanish.
For this fifth edition, a third co-author David Bowden joins the
team and adds his specialist clinical knowledge and expertise in
the field of radiology by adding a new 30 page chapter dedicated
to Imaging of the Lower Limb, using state-of-the-art technology.
Thus providing the opportunity to visualise key anatomical
structures as they appear in the living subject in comparison to
the illustrations of bones and detailed anatomical preparations
provided elsewhere in the book.
Bari Logan adds a scattering of nine new pages of annotated
illustrations of anatomical preparations, with accompanying notes.
We hope that these new additions and overall review of the
text will be appreciated and that the book will continue in its
popularity as an important contribution to medical education at
both pre-clinical and postgraduate level.
Bari M Logan
Siegershausen, Switzerland
David J Bowden
Cambridge, UK
March 2017

Professor R. M. H. McMinn, MD (Glas), PhD (Sheff), FRCS (Eng)

[b. Sept 23, 1923 – d. July 11, 2012, aged 88]

Robert ‘Bob’ McMinn was a medical graduate of the University of Glasgow. After leaving
hospital posts and service with the Royal Air Force in Iraq and Africa, he began his
anatomical career as a Demonstrator in Anatomy in Glasgow in 1950. He became a lecturer
in the University of Sheffield and was later Reader and then Titular Professor at King’s
College, London. In 1970 he was appointed to the Chair of Anatomy at the Royal College of
Surgeons of England. Among his publications, ‘A Colour Atlas of Human Anatomy’, with
photographer R. T. Hutchings, was first published in 1977 and became a worldwide best
seller, with translations into over 25 languages; more than 4 million copies were sold.
For this and other later atlases his co-authors added the name ‘McMinn’ to the titles
in recognition of his contribution to anatomical teaching. He was editor of the eighth
and ninth editions of ‘Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied’, which remains a standard
work for surgical trainees. He was program secretary and later treasurer of the
Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and was a founder member and first
secretary of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists. At the International
Anatomical Congress held in Cambridge in 2000, he received a Special Presentation
Ardfern – 5 April 2008 Award from the Anatomical Society for his teaching and research activities. His
research interests were in wound healing and tissue repair and on the association
between skin disease and the alimentary tract.
He retired in 1983 and moved with his wife back to their Scottish homeland settling
on the west coast in Ardfern, Lochgilphead.

viii
McMinn’s Legacy of Illustrated
Anatomy Books
Bari Logan entered the academic post of Prosector to the
department of Anatomy, The Royal College of Surgeons, of
England, London, in January 1977. At that time, ‘Bob’ McMinn
held the Chair as Sir William Collins Professor of Human and
Comparative Anatomy and Ralph Hutchings was the Chief Medical
Scientific Officer and departmental photographer.
In April of the same year, an evening reception was held at the
College for a group of distinguished medical fraternity by Wolfe
Medical Publications to launch a new book entitled A Colour
Atlas of Human Anatomy by the authors McMinn & Hutchings
who had spent the previous 2 years working on the project.
1977 - ISBN 0-7234-0709-6
2nd Ed—1988
3rd Ed—1993
4th Ed—1998
5th Ed—2003
6th Ed—2008
7th Ed—2013
First Edition dust cover wrap
Instantly considered by many to be a visually stunning
production, it was without doubt a pioneering book in the
field of human anatomy, having many novel concepts in both
composition and design that would later be adopted by other
authors and become standard format in many new illustrated
texts on the subject.
The book, 352 pages, was unusually large in size and contained
over 700 high quality colour photographs of almost natural size,
bones, detailed dissections (prosections), and exquisite anatomical
preparations depicting the entire human body taken of specimens
hitherto unseen beyond the closely guarded confines of the
dissecting room and anatomical museum. Essentially designed as a
general reference work for the medical profession, the book
rapidly became a best-seller, quickly producing 25 foreign
language editions and attaining over 4 million copies in sales
worldwide, it won numerous awards and gained much
international academic acclaim.
The book remains in print today, 40 years on and in its seventh
edition (2013), but since the fourth edition, under entirely new
authorship, direction and content, although the name ‘McMinn’
remains in the title for posterity.
Following on from the enormous success of A Colour Atlas, the
publisher Peter Wolfe approached ‘Bob’ McMinn and Ralph
Hutchings in early 1979 with the idea of producing a new
illustrated text to suit the specific educational needs of dental
students, for whom the Royal College of Surgeons ran popular
postgraduate courses.
Wolfe’s proposal was timely because, within the College, the
renovation and reorganization of the Wellcome Museum of
Anatomy and Physiology, founded by the famous Australian
anatomist R. (Ray) J. Last in (1947), was well underway; a
particular pressing need, identified by Bari Logan, was to prepare
for display a range of detailed head and neck prosections and
preparations, for which the collection was lacking.
Thus, the co-authorship trio of McMinn, Hutchings and Logan
was formed and within a two-year period produced their first
book together in 1981.
1981: ISBN 0-7234-0755-X
A Colour Atlas of Head and Neck
Anatomy
Wolfe Medical Publications:
McMinn/Hutchings/Logan
Designed for dental students
English, French, German, Italian,
Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish
2nd Ed—1994
3rd Ed—2004
4th Ed—2009
5th Ed—2017
Over the next 17 years, there followed a fairly rapid succession
of books, despite the retirement of Ralph Hutchings in 1981,
‘Bob’ McMinn in 1983, academic career move of Bari Logan to
Cambridge in 1987 and further complications along the way of
various changes to publishers through company takeovers, each
having additional authorship commitments on other new books.
Key to this speedy turnover was the ability to combine
individual talent in a very harmonious way, work to a logical
regime and keep within a strict timeframe whilst always
maintaining an essential keen eye for detail.
ix
x McMinn’s Legacy of Illustrated Anatomy Books
1982: ISBN 0-7234-0782-7
A Colour Atlas of Foot and
Ankle Anatomy
Wolfe Medical Publications:
McMinn/Hutchings/Logan
Designed for Podiatrists and
Chiropodists
English, Chinese, Dutch,
French, German, Japanese,
Russian, Spanish
2nd Ed—1995
3rd Ed—2004
4th Ed—2012
5th Ed—2017 Lower Limb Anatomy
1984: ISBN 0-7234-0831-9
A Colour Atlas of Applied Anatomy
Wolfe Medical Publications: McMinn/
Hutchings/Logan
Designed for clinicians (The anatomy
of approaches for surgical and clinical
procedures.)
English, Japanese
Out of Print
1986: ISBN 0-7234-0911-0
Picture Tests in Human Anatomy
Wolfe Medical Publications: McMinn/
Hutchings/Logan
Designed for medical students
taking practical exams
English, French, German, Japanese,
Portuguese, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish
Out of Print
1986: ISBN 0-7234-0958-7
The Human Skeleton: a Photographic
Manual in Colour
Wolfe Medical Publications: McMinn/
Hutchings/Logan
Designed for medical students (fold
down, full size skeleton pictures and
individual bones)
English, Danish, French, German,
Greek, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish
2nd Edition—2007
1995: ISBN 0-7234-0967-6
McMinn’s Functional and Clinical
Anatomy
Mosby: McMinn/Gaddum-Rosse/
Hutchings/Logan
Designed for medical students
English, Italian, Greek
Out of Print
Functional and Clinical, included a fourth co-author, Penelope
Gaddum-Rosse, a distinguished physiologist, and work began on
the project in 1987 as a text originally intended for the nursing
profession and appropriately entitled, Anatomy and Physiology
for Nurses, with the publishers Wolfe.
However, following a takeover of Wolfe Medical Publications by
Mosby Year Book Europe, who already had an extensive nursing
book list which included both, physiology and anatomy titles, the
manuscript was shelved for a number of years until a decision on
its fate was finally reached in 1993 with the proposal for ‘Bob’
McMinn to re-edit the entire text and tailor it more to the
needs of pre-clinical and postgraduate medical students. ‘Bob’
completed the task in just under one year and, interestingly,
it is considered to be the best written of all the McMinn books.
Their final book together was published in 1998.
1998: ISBN 1-874545-52-9
The Concise Handbook of Human
Anatomy
Manson Publishing: McMinn/
Hutchings/Logan
Designed for sixth form students
entering a medical career
English, German, Portuguese
2nd Ed—2017
McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy
CRC Press (Taylor & Francis)
Heylings/Carmichael/Leinster/Saada
 McMinn’s Legacy of Illustrated Anatomy Books
‘Bob’ was the inspirational driving force behind each book and,
from start of the project, would clearly outline overall content
and specific illustrative requirements for each chapter producing
rough sketches or photocopies with accompanying detailed lists of
all the most important anatomical structures needed to be clearly
seen in the resulting pictures.
Bari would interpret this information, produce his own notes and
drawings and carry out the various detailed prosections or
anatomical preparations working to the specific camera lens angle
and overall framed view required.
Bari M. Logan, Prosector
Sporadic photographic sessions were held, often late evenings
and weekends, under the ‘eagle eye’ of ‘Bob’ who would advise
on the camera angle and ensure that all the structures essential to
identify were displayed in their correct anatomical positions.
Professor R. (‘Bob’) H. McMinn, Anatomist
xi
Ralph spent infinite time setting-up lighting, establishing
correct camera exposure settings and, by using full format colour
film, produced images of exceptional quality and depth in detail.
Ralph T. Hutchings, Photographer
Since the first publication, over the ensuing 36 years to date
(2017), the seven books produced by the trio, have thus far,
created 17 English editions and 13 foreign language editions:
Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese,
Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Serbo-Croation and Spanish, with
total sales exceeding well over 1 million copies worldwide.
Four of the books remain popular and still in print: Head & Neck,
5th edition; Foot & Ankle, 5th edition, now more appropriately
retitled Lower Limb Anatomy; Human Skeleton, 2nd edition; and
the Concise Handbook – 2nd edition, which now has a new
publisher and authorship, and to conform with the other
surviving publications ‘McMinns’ prefixed in the title.
Overall, a remarkable literary achievement in such a specialized
field and only made possible by the unique visionary authorship
and guidance of ‘Bob’ McMinn, whose legacy of Illustrated books
on the subject of human anatomy has not only made a significant
contribution to medical education in general, but also to the
grateful appreciation and applause of thousands of aspiring
students throughout the world.
Bari Logan and Ralph Hutchings
June 2016
Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the following: 2016); and on pages 34-37 from Human Sectional Anatomy–Atlas
of Body Sections, CT and MRI Images, 4th Edition, H.Ellis,
• Prof Adrian Dixon, Prof Harold Ellis and Dr Robert Whitaker for B.M.Logan, A.K.Dixon and D.J.Bowden (CRC Press 2015).
help and expert advice on lower limb lymphatics.
• Dr Ian G. Parkin, Clinical Anatomist, University of Cambridge
UK, for expert anatomical knowledge.
• Anand Sardesai, Sachin Daivajna and A. Robinson of Gluteal intramuscular injection on page 25 is reproduced with
Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, for jointly providing
permission from McMinn’s Functional and Clinical Anatomy,
the excellent chapter on ‘Regional Anaesthesia for Ankle
R.M.H.McMinn, P.Gaddum-Rosse, R.T.Hutchings and B.M.Logan
and Foot’.
(Mosby 1995).
• Mel Lazenby, Lucie Whitehead and the late Martin Watson
(2008), Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge UK,
for the preservation of anatomical material.
• Adrian Newman, Ian Bolton and John Bashford, Anatomy Visual
Dissection/anatomical preparation credits
Media Group (AVMG), Department of Physiology,
The following individuals are credited for their skilled in
Developmental Neuroscience, University of Cambridge UK, for
preparing the following anatomical material illustrated in this
new edition photographs and digital expertise.
book:
Radiographs Mrs Carmen Bester: page 90A.
Bari M Logan: pages 2B, 4B, 6B, 8B, 10, 12, 14A, 16A, 17B, 20A,
• Dr Oscar Craig p.21B. 24A, 25B, 26A, 27C, 28A, 29B, 31D, 34, 35A, 36B, 37C, 38A, 40ABC,
• Dr Kate Stevens p.31C. 41DEF, 74A, 75BC, 76A, 77B, 78, 80A, 81B, 82A, 83B, 84, 86AB, 88,
92A, 93B, 94A, 95B, 96AB, 97C, 98A, 99B, 100A, 101B, 102A, 103B,
104ABC, 106AB, 108AB, 110AB, 111AB, and 112ABCDE.
Ms Lynette Nearn: pages 91B, 166.
Illustrations on pages 24–25 and 90–91 are reproduced with
Dr David H Tompsett: pages 30B, 33BC and 39D.
permission from Logan’s Illustrated Human Anatomy—A Pictorial
Introduction to Basic Form and Structure, B.M.Logan (CRC Press

xii
Terminology

The Greek adjective ‘peroneal’ is now replaced by the Latin
‘fibular’ for various muscles, vessels, nerves, and structures; For
example: Fibularis tertius instead of Peroneus tertius; Fibular
artery instead of Peroneal artery; Common fibular nerve instead
of Common peroneal nerve; Inferior fibular retinaculum instead
of Inferior peroneal retinaculum.
Again, for this new edition, to ease in the new terminology for
those used to working from older texts, the term peroneal is
included italicized in brackets, e.g., Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.
Also note, Flexor accessorius is now known as quadratus
plantae.
This terminology conforms to the International Anatomical
Terminology—Terminologia Anatomica—created in 1988 by the
Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) and
approved by the 56 Member Associations of the International
Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). Stuttgart:
Thieme ISBN 3-13-115251-6.

Preservation of Cadavers

Long-term preservation of the cadavers, utilized for the majority The resultant working strength of each constituent is:
of anatomical dissections (prosections) illustrated in this book, was
by standard embalming technique, using an electric motor pump
Methylated spirit 55%
set at a constant pressure rate of 15 p.s.i. Perfusion was achieved
Glycerine 12%
through the arterial system via femoral artery cannulation of one
Phenol 10%
leg and return drainage of the accompanying vein.
Formaldehyde solution 3%
On acceptance of 20 litres of preservative fluid by pump, local
injection of those areas not visibly affected was carried out by
The advantages of using this particular preservative fluid are:
automatic syringe.
On average, 30 litres of preservative fluid was used to preserve (1) A state of soft preservation is achieved, benefiting dissection
each cadaver. techniques.
Immediately following embalming, cadavers were encapsulated (2) The low formaldehyde solution content obviates excessive
in thick-gauge, clear polythene bags and cold stored at a noxious fumes.
temperature of 10.6° C at 40 percent humidity for a minimum (3) A degree of natural tissue colour is maintained, benefiting
period of 16 weeks before dissection. This period of storage photography.
allowed preservative fluid to thoroughly saturate the body tissues, (4) Mould growth does not occur on either whole cadavers thus
resulting in a highly satisfactory state of preservation. preserved or their subsequent dissected (prosected) and stored
parts.
The chemical formula for the preservative fluid (Logan et al.,
1989) is:
SAFETY FOOTNOTE
Since the preparation of the anatomical material used in this
Methylated spirit 64 over proof 12.5 litres
book, there have been substantial major changes to health
Phenol liquefied 80% 2.5 litres
and safety regulations concerning the use of certain chemical
Formaldehyde solution 38% 1.5 litres
constituents in preservative (embalming) fluids. It is essential,
Glycerine BP 3.5 litres
therefore, to seek official local health and safety advice and
Total = 20 litres
guidance if intending to adopt the above preservative fluid.

xiii
 Orientation Guides

Superior (proximal)

lane
nal p
Coro

Superior (dorsal)

ne
al pla ial) pla
ne
Sagitt se (ax
ver
Trans
Transverse (a
xial) plane

Posterior (proximal)

Anterior (distal)
l view
Media

w
al vie
Later
Coro Sagittal plane
nal p
lane
Inferior (plantar) Inferior (distal)

xiv
Lower limb,
pelvis and hip

Lower limb survey

From the front
2
2
Gluteal region
1
Sciatic nerve and other gluteal structures
14
14
From behind 4 Surface features 15
From the medial side 6 Left gluteal region and ischio-anal region 16
From the lateral side 8 Right gluteal region and ischio-anal region 17

Pelvic viscera 10 Hip joint 18

Male sagittal section 10 Bones from the front and radiograph 18
Female sagittal section 12 Bones from behind and joint capsule from front 19
Axial section 20
Coronal section and radiograph 21
2 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Lower limb survey

Bones, muscles and surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the front

2
2
2
1 3
25 25
29
6 28
7 8 9
4 26
5 10 27 28
30

31
32

11
33

32
34

35

34
14 35
12 13
14
36 12 14 13
15 16 15
20 36 16
17 21 17
40

37 40
41 37

18
18 22 18
27
38

19 19 23
23

24 39 19 23
 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 3

1 Sacrum
2 Iliac crest • The main parts or regions of the lower limb are the gluteal
3 Ilium region (consisting of the hip at the side and the buttock at
4 Pubis of hip bone the back), the thigh, the knee, the leg, the ankle and the
5 Ischium foot. The term leg properly refers to the part between the
6 Rim of acetabulum knee and the foot, although it is commonly used for the
7 Head whole lower limb.
8 Neck • The hip bone consists of three bones fused together—the
9 Greater trochanter ilium (3), ischium (5) and pubis (4)—and forms a pelvic girdle.
10 Lesser trochanter of femur The two hip bones or girdles unite with each other in front at
11 Body (shaft) the pubic symphysis (p. 18, B33), and at the back they join the
12 Medial condyle sacrum at the sacro-iliac joints (p. 18, A7 and p. 19, C6), so
13 Lateral condyle forming the bony pelvis.
14 Patella • The femur (11) is the bone of the thigh; the tibia (18) and
15 Medial condyle fibula (22) are the bones of the leg.
16 Lateral condyle • The acetabulum (6) of the hip bone and the head of the
17 Tuberosity of tibia femur (7) form the hip joint (p. 18, A12 and 14, B18 and 20,
18 Body (shaft) C18 and 20).
19 Medial malleolus • The condyles of the femur (12 and 13) and tibia (15 and 16)
20 Head together with the patella (14) form the knee joint.
21 Neck of fibula • The head of the fibula (20) forms a small joint with the tibia,
22 Body (shaft) the superior tibiofibular joint. The inferior tibiofibular joint,
23 Lateral malleolus properly called the tibiofibular syndesmosis (a type of fibrous
24 Foot joint), is a fibrous union between the tibia and fibula just
25 Inguinal ligament above the ankle joint.
26 Inguinal lymph nodes • The ankle is the lower part of the leg in the region of the
27 Great saphenous vein ankle joint (pp. 60, 62, 64 and 66).
28 Femoral triangle, vessels and nerve • The lower ends of the tibia (18) and fibula (22) articulate with
29 Tensor fasciae latae the talus of the foot to form the ankle joint (pp. 60 and 62).
30 Sartorius • The body of a long bone is commonly called the shaft.
31 Gracilis • The adjective ‘peroneal’ (Greek, see p. 49) is now replaced by
32 Rectus femoris the Latin ‘fibular’ for various vessels and nerves, e.g., common
33 Vastus lateralis fibular nerve instead of common peroneal nerve. See notes
34 Vastus medialis on New Terminology on p. xiii.
35 Quadriceps tendon
36 Patellar ligament
37 Tibialis anterior
38 Extensor digitorum longus
39 Extensor hallucis longus
40 Gastrocnemius • For details of limb muscles, nerves and arteries, see the
41 Soleus Appendix:
Muscles—pp. 116–121, including Figs 2–7.
A Bones of the left lower limb, from the front Nerves—pp. 122–123, including Figs 8 and 9.

B Muscles of the left lower limb, from the front Arteries—pp. 136 and 137, including Figs 27 and 28.

C Surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the

front

(proximal)
Superior

Medial Lateral
(left)
Inferior
(distal)
4 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Lower limb survey

Bones, muscles and surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from behind

2 2

3 2 1 23
1

7
23
9 6 9
8 4
37
10 5
25

25
24
38
11
26

28
26
28 27
27 39
29

30
12 13
14 15
18
19 32 31
32 31

33
33
35

16 34
20

36

21 17
17 36
21
22
 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 5

1 Sacrum
2 Iliac crest • The curved fold of the buttock (37) does not correspond to
3 Ilium the straight (but oblique) lower border of gluteus maximus
4 Pubis (23).
5 Ischium • The tendons of gastrocnemius (31 and 32) and soleus (33) join
6 Rim of acetabulum to form the tendo calcaneus (36), known commonly as the
7 Head Achilles’ tendon.
8 Neck • The muscles on the back of the thigh with prominent
9 Greater trochanter tendons—semimembranosus (27), semitendinosus (28) and
10 Lesser trochanter of femur biceps femoris (long head, 26)—are known commonly as the
11 Body hamstrings (see the note on p. 29).
12 Lateral condyle
13 Medial condyle
14 Lateral condyle
15 Medial condyle
of tibia
16 Body
17 Medial malleolus
18 Head A Bones of the left lower limb, from behind
19 Neck of fibula
20
21
Body
Lateral malleolus
B Muscles of the left lower limb, from behind
22
23
Foot
Gluteus maximus
C Surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from
24 Iliotibial tract behind
25 Sciatic nerve
26 Biceps femoris
27 Semimembranosus
28 Semitendinosus
29 Tibial nerve
30 Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
31 Medial head
of gastrocnemius (proximal)
32 Lateral head
33 Soleus Superior
34 Sural nerve
35 Small saphenous vein Lateral Medial
36 Tendo calcaneus
(left)
37 Fold of buttock (gluteal fold)
38 Hamstring muscles Inferior
39 Popliteal fossa (distal)
6 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Lower limb survey

Bones, muscles and surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the
medial side

1
13

2 15
14

12

16

17
25
3
6
18

8
17

6
4 16
5 18
6 19
20
7 8
16
8

19
21

9 20

9
22
10

24 23
16
10
10
22
11
 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 7

1 Sacrum
2 Hip bone
3 Body
4 Medial epicondyle of femur
5 Medial condyle
6 Patella
7 Medial condyle
8 Tuberosity
of tibia
9 Body
10 Medial malleolus
11 Foot
12 Semitendinosus
13 Semimembranosus
14 Gracilis
15 Sartorius
16 Great saphenous vein
17 Vastus medialis
18 Patellar ligament
19 Gastrocnemius
20 Soleus
21 Saphenous nerve
22 Tendo calcaneus
23 Tibialis posterior
24 Flexor digitorum longus
25 Hamstrings

(proximal)
Superior

Posterior Anterior

Inferior
(distal)

• At the ankle the great saphenous vein (16), the longest vein in
the body, passes upwards in front of the medial malleolus
(10). At the knee it lies a hand’s breadth behind the medial
border of the patella (6). It ends by draining into the femoral
vein (p. 24, 12 and 18).

A Bones of the left lower limb, from the medial side

B Muscles of the left lower limb, from the medial side
C Surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the
medial side
8 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Lower limb survey

Bones, muscles and surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the
lateral side
1 1 1
23
23
22
3
2
22
4 24

6 24
5

25

7
25

26
26

27
10 10 8

36 28 13
8 9 36
10 15 15
35 35
11 16 16
13 12
15
33
16 33
29
32
29

14 32
31
17 30

19 34
18 29 31

30 34
20 18 18
21
 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 9

1 Iliac crest
2 Sacrum • The common fibular (peroneal) nerve (28), the only palpable major
3 Hip bone nerve of the lower limb, can be felt as it passes downward and
4 Hip joint forward across the neck of the fibula (16).
5 Head
6 Greater trochanter
7 Body of femur
8 Lateral epicondyle
9 Lateral condyle
10 Patella
11 Knee joint A Bones of the left lower limb, from the lateral side
12 Superior tibiofibular joint
13 Lateral condyle of tibia B Muscles of the left lower limb, from the lateral side
14 Body
15 Head C Surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the lateral side
16 Neck
of fibula
17 Body
18 Lateral malleolus
19 Inferior tibiofibular joint
20 Ankle joint
21 Foot
22 Tensor fasciae latae
23 Gluteus medius (proximal)
24 Gluteus maximus Superior
25 Iliotibial tract
26 Vastus lateralis
27 Biceps femoris Anterior Posterior
28 Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
29 Tibialis anterior Inferior
30 Extensor digitorum longus (distal)
31 Fibularis (peroneus) longus
32 Soleus
33 Gastrocnemius
34 Tendo calcaneus
35 Tibial tuberosity
36 Patellar ligament
10 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Male pelvic viscera and vessels

Seen on the right side in a sagittal section, after removal of most of the
peritoneum (serous membrane)

26

32 31
27

28

29

33 21 23
24
25
20 22

12

18
19
17
16
1
15
30
11

34
10
14 2

9
13 3
7
8
8 6 5 4
 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 11

The section is mostly in the midline; small bowel, large

bowel and peritoneum (serous membrane) have been
removed but the whole of the anal canal and the
lower part of the left levator ani muscle have been
preserved to show the external anal sphincter (as in
the female section, p. 12).

1 Rectum 17 Left ureter

2 Cut edge of levator ani 18 Left ductus (vas) deferens
3 External anal sphincter covering anal canal 19 Right ductus (vas) deferens
4 Anus, above arrowhead 20 Inferior epigastric vessels
5 Perineal body 21 External iliac artery
6 Bulbospongiosus overlying corpus spongiosum 22 External iliac vein
7 Corpus spongiosum, the part of the penis containing the urethra 23 Internal iliac artery
8 Spongy part of urethra, within the corpus spongiosum 24 Internal iliac vein
9 Corpus cavernosum of penis 25 Ureter
10 Deep dorsal vein of penis, draining back to the vesicoprostatic 26 Body of fifth lumbar vertebra
venous plexus, the sponge-like tissue sectioned here in front of 27 Fifth lumbar intervertebral disc
the prostate 28 Promontory of sacrum
11 Pubic symphysis 29 Sacrum
12 Superior vesical artery 30 Coccyx
13 Corpus cavernosum of penis 31 Cauda equina within sacral canal
14 Prostate and prostatic part of urethra 32 Posterior wall of rectus sheath
15 Left seminal vesicle, cut in section 33 Rectus abdominis
16 Bladder, with urethral openings marked with arrows 34 Rectovesical pouch

• The ureters (17, 25) conduct urine from the kidneys to the
bladder (16) where it is stored until sensation of volume
dictates expulsion via the single tube of the urethra (8), the
extent of its full length seen here laying within the bisected
shaft of the penis (7).
• The single prostate gland (14) and the paired seminal vesicles
(15, left) are accessory secretory sex glands, which produce
most of the volume of seminal fluid.
• The prostate gland (14), normally the size of a chestnut, lies
just below the bladder (16) and opens into the urethra (8); the
seminal vesicles (15, left) open into the ductus (vas) deferens
(18, 19), which conduct sperm from the epididymis of each
testis to the urethra (8) on ejaculation.
• The rectum (1) is the terminal part of the large intestine
(colon) where faeces collect prior to defecation via the anus
(4), the opening and closing of which is controlled by the
muscles that form the external sphincter (3). The space
between the rectum (1), prostate gland (14) and seminal
vesicles (15, left) is known as the rectovesical pouch (34).

Superior

Anterior Posterior

Inferior
12 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Female pelvic viscera and vessels

Seen on the right side in a sagittal section, after removal of most of the
peritoneum (serous membrane)

26 27
28
31
29
35
19
18

34
16
20 17
22
32
21
33
38 36
23
15
37
14 30

24
11 25
1
9
13
10 2
12

8
3

4
7

6
5
 Lower limb, pelvis and hip 13

The section is mostly in the midline; small bowel, large

bowel and much of the peritoneum (serous membrane)
have been removed but the whole of the anal canal
and the lower part of the left levator ani muscle have
been preserved to show the external anal sphincter
(as in the male section, p. 10).

1 Rectum 20 Right ureter

2 Cut edge of left levator ani 21 Internal iliac vessels and branches
3 External anal sphincter covering anal canal 22 Ovarian vessels
4 Perineal body (central perineal tendon) 23 Round ligament of uterus
5 Anus, above arrowhead 24 Vesico-uterine pouch
6 Labium majus 25 Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)
7 Labium minus 26 Body of fifth lumbar vertebra
8 Clitoris 27 Fifth lumbar intervertebral disc
9 Pubic symphysis 28 Promontory of sacrum
10 Urethra, surrounded by sphincter urethrae 29 Sacrum
11 Bladder, arrow points to right ureter 30 Coccyx
12 Vagina 31 Sacral canal
13 Cervix of uterus 32 Inferior epigastric vessels
14 Body of uterus 33 Peritoneum overlying rectus abdominis [see 32–33, p. 10]
15 Left ureter 34 Iliacus
16 Piriformis 35 Psoas major
17 Anterior ramus of S1 nerve 36 Right ovary
18 External iliac vein 37 Right uterine (fallopian tube)
19 External iliac artery 38 Right broad ligament

• The vagina (12) is the lower part of the female reproductive

tract and lies in a central position between, anteriorly, the
bladder (11) and, posteriorly, the rectum (1); superiorly, it
connects the lower end of the uterus (the cervix) (13) with,
inferiorly, the margin of the vaginal orifice and the labium
majus (6) and labium minus (7).
• The urethra (10) in the female is much shorter in length,
being only 4 cm, compared to that in the male, usually 18 cm;
from the bladder it opens into the vaginal vestibule a few
centimetres behind the clitoris (8). The space between the
bladder (11) and the uterus (14) is known as the vesico-
uterine pouch (24) and between the uterus (14) and the
rectum (1) the recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas) (25).
• The body of the uterus (14) is pear shaped and normally lies
over the bladder (11); from its sides the broad ligament (38,
right) extends to the lateral walls of the pelvis. These help to
keep the uterus in a central position.
• The ovaries (36, right) are suspended by part of the broad
ligament (mesovarium) close to the lateral walls of the pelvis
and are the main female reproductive organs; they produce
cyclic steroid hormones as well as ovum (egg cells). The open
ends of the uterine (fallopian) tubes (37, right) are positioned
close to the ovaries, thus enabling discharged ova to freely
enter them.

Superior

Anterior Posterior

Inferior
14 Lower limb, pelvis and hip

Gluteal region Sciatic nerve and other gluteal structures of the right side

Most of gluteus maximus (1) has

been removed (as have the veins
that accompany arteries) to show
the underlying structures, the
most important of which is the
sciatic nerve (14 and 15). The key
1 to the region is the piriformis
muscle (2): the superior gluteal
3 5 artery (3) and nerve (4) emerge
1 from the pelvis above piriformis,
while all other structures leave
4 the pelvis below piriformis. Apart
from the sciatic nerve (14 and
2 6 7
6 15), these include the inferior
22 gluteal nerve (6) and artery (22)
and the posterior femoral
5 cutaneous nerve (16).
2
21 9 9 1 Gluteus maximus
2 Piriformis
20 19 8 3 Superior gluteal artery
10 10 4 Superior gluteal nerve
5 Gluteus medius
18 15 14 11
16 6 Inferior gluteal nerve
7 Gluteus minimus
8 Greater trochanter of femur
11 12 9 Gemellus superior
10 Obturator internus
11 Gemellus inferior
17 12 Obturator externus
13 Quadratus femoris
14 Common fibular
(peroneal) part of sciatic nerve
1 13 15 Tibial
16 Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
17 Ischial tuberosity
18 Sacrotuberous ligament
19 Nerve to obturator internus
20 Internal pudendal artery
21 Pudendal nerve
22 Inferior gluteal artery

Superior

Medial Lateral
(right)
Inferior
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wheels on the quiet road decided me. I did not wish that any one should see
my cousin crying there by the wayside.

"Very well," I said; "I promise on condition that you stop crying at once, and
walk on like a reasonable being."

Agneta's face brightened instantly. She rose, and, slipping her hand within my
arm, as though she felt the need of support, began to walk at a pace which
soon brought us within the gate of "Gay Bowers."

CHAPTER XVI
MISJUDGED

WE gained the house without encountering anybody. Agneta went upstairs at

once, while I hastened to get her a cup of tea. Entering the dining-room, I
found Alan Faulkner seated there taking tea in solitude. I started at seeing
him, and a hot tide of colour rose in my face. I would have given anything not
to have blushed at that moment. The belief that my access of colour would be
interpreted as a symptom of inward shame heightened my confusion till I felt
that I was crimson to the roots of my hair.

"Oh," I said stupidly, "are you having tea alone?"

"Yes," he said. "Jenny insisted on bringing me some. She said all the others
were out."

"I hope she made it properly," I said.

"It is very nice," he replied. "Let me give you some?"

"No, thank you, I will not have any just now," I responded awkwardly; "but I will
take a cup for Agneta. She has a headache."
I began to prepare a little tray to carry upstairs, and he helped me deftly. It had
been a surprise to me to discover that such a learned man could be so handy
and practical in everyday matters.

I went upstairs and remained with Agneta until she had taken her tea. I
expected that Mr. Faulkner would have quitted the dining-room ere my return,
but when I came back with the tray, he was still there, doing nothing more
profitable than playing with Sweep.

"I poured out a cup for you, Miss Nan," he said as I entered. "I know you do
not like strong tea, but now I am afraid you will find it cold. Let me ring for
some fresh tea?"

"This will do nicely, thank you," I said constrainedly as I seated myself at the
table.

He had moved to the window, and sat there in such a position that I only
caught a side view of him. Sweep's forepaws were on his knee, and he was
stroking the dog's ears with a regular, even movement, which appeared to be
equally agreeable to them both.

"Why could he not go away and leave me to take my tea in peace?" I thought,
as I waited nervously for him to speak. I tried hard to appear at my ease as I
sipped my tea, but I was far from being so. I longed to break into careless talk,
but somehow I could think of nothing to say.

Gradually I became aware that he was scarcely less embarrassed than I was.
Once or twice, he shot a grave, inquiring glance at me, and seemed about to
speak, but nothing came of it. When at last he spoke, his words gave me a
shock.

"That was Mr. Ralph Marshman whom I saw with you in the wood, Miss Nan."

"It was," was all I could say, while, to my vexation, I felt myself flushing again.

"He was at Cambridge with me," he said.

"You know him then?" was my reply.

"My acquaintance with him was of the slightest description," he replied

emphatically. "He was in his first year, and I had finished my college course."

I was silent, for I felt myself in a dilemma. For Agneta's sake I should have
liked to question him concerning Mr. Ralph Marshman; but if I did so he would
imagine that I took a personal interest in the young man. Indeed, I much
feared that already that idea had possession of his mind. I longed to explain
the true state of affairs, but I could not betray Agneta's secret. I was bound to
keep silence, but I realised with a sinking heart that my promise was likely to
cost me dear.

An awkward silence had lasted for some minutes, when Alan Faulkner said in
a low, deep voice, that seemed to vibrate with some subtle emotion:

"I wonder, Miss Nan, if I dare take the privilege of a friend, and venture to give
you a warning."

"Of course, I shall be happy for you to speak to me as a friend," I said, as he

waited for me to reply; "but you are mistaken in supposing that I need a
warning."

"Ah, you do not know," he said quickly; "you are young, Miss Nan, and may be
easily deceived by a specious manner and good appearance. I hate to speak
against people. It seems mean to rake up the errors of a man's past. If I
thought he had reformed, I would not say a word; but as it is, I think you ought
to know that while I was at the University Ralph Marshman made himself
notorious by a course of conduct which resulted in his being sent down. I—I
hardly know how to tell you, but it was something more than a mad escapade,
the outcome of youthful riot; he acted in a way that showed him to be utterly
unprincipled and dishonourable to a degree. Forgive me if I give you pain."

Of course, he said it with the kindest intention; but his thus taking it for granted
that I was so deeply interested in Ralph Marshman made me unreasonably
angry. His words certainly caused my heart to quiver with pain; but in a way
that he could not understand. At the same time they kindled within me such a
fire of passionate indignation as led me to exclaim, in a voice unlike my own:
"Pain! How can you give me pain, Mr. Faulkner? I can assure you that is
beyond your power; but it amazes me that you should thus misjudge another."

I paused, for my voice had grown husky. I found myself on the point of
bursting into tears. Alan Faulkner had turned on the window seat, and was
looking at me with eyes full of pain, and with something of reproach in them
too, it seemed to me. The next moment there was the sound of wheels on the
gravel outside, and the wagonette drove up to the door containing Aunt Patty,
Mr. Dicks, and innumerable parcels.

Instantly I sprang up, welcoming the diversion. Choking down my emotion, I

ran out. As I busied myself in helping aunt out and collecting the parcels, I
assumed an animation at which I secretly marvelled. Was I too becoming an
adept at dissimulation? As I chattered away to Mr. Dicks, or questioned aunt
as to what she had done, my heart was like lead, yet it seemed to me that I
played my part well. I did not deceive Aunt Patty, however. She looked at me
more than once with an intentness that made me uncomfortable, and at last
she said:

"What is the matter with you, Nan? You don't seem yourself somehow. Have
you been ministering to Agneta, till you have got a headache from force of
sympathy?"

"Not exactly," I replied, thankful that Mr. Faulkner had taken himself off ere
aunt made this remark: "but the weather is trying, don't you think? It seems so
hot and oppressive this afternoon."

"I have not found it so," said Aunt Patty; "there was a nice breeze driving."

"If you'd lived in New York, Miss Nan, I guess you wouldn't call this a hot day,"
said Josiah Dicks; "I wonder what Pollie would say to it. Do you know that she
is sitting up to-day? I saw her, bless her heart! And she waved her hand to her
old dad from the window."

"Yes, I know. Auntie told me. I am so glad," I said, trying hard to seem glad,
while I secretly felt as if gladness and I had parted company for ever. Then I
went away. My bedroom, unfortunately, was no longer a place of refuge for
me, so I turned into Paulina's deserted room, which had been thoroughly
disinfected after she quitted it. I sat down, and tried to review the situation
calmly; but my thoughts were like goads, and soon drove me to pacing the
floor in a restless anguish which sought relief in movement. I was angry with
Alan Faulkner and angry with myself. What right had he to leap to the
conclusion that I was attracted by Ralph Marshman? It was intolerable that he
should imagine him to be my lover. My face burned with shame as I thought of
it, and I reproached myself bitterly for the ill-considered action which had
placed me in such a false position. That he should think it necessary to warn
me that the man was unworthy!

My mind found no relief as I recalled all that had passed between us. I had
said not a word that could remove the impression which he had received. Now
that it was too late, I thought of many a neatly-turned, significant phrase which
might have convinced him of his mistake without revealing my cousin's folly.
Why had I dumbly submitted to the imputation? Why had the few words I had
uttered been so passionately incoherent? Ah! I knew but too well how it was.
The discovery that he had so misunderstood me dealt me a blow which
deprived me of the power to defend myself. No one's good opinion would I
less willingly lose than that of Alan Faulkner. And I had lost it—lost it, as I
feared, for ever, through my own blind folly!

The sound of the dressing-bell roused me from my bitter musings. Wearily,

heavily I went to prepare for dinner. It is no exaggeration to say that I felt at
that hour as if I could never know happiness, or even comfort, again.

Agneta was already dressed when I entered our room. Her face was flushed.
She looked pretty and excited. Her mood too had changed. She persisted in
discussing all kinds of trifles with me as I made my toilette, till in my irritation I
could hardly refrain from bidding her hold her tongue. And this was the girl
who had seemed broken-hearted a little while before! I reflected that she
could have no depth of character. Her tears had arisen from mere surface
emotion. She could not really care greatly for Ralph Marshman. And it was for
the sake of such a one that I was stung with sharpest self-reproach and
suffered such a cruel sense of loss. I was far from loving my cousin as I
followed her downstairs that evening.

My head ached, and I had little appetite as I seated myself at the table. I saw
aunt glance at me and then at Agneta, who had quite regained her spirits, and
was chatting with Colonel Hyde. When I ventured to turn my eyes on Alan
Faulkner it struck me that he looked grave and stern. Beyond making a few
remarks to Aunt Patty in a subdued tone, he contributed little to the
conversation. Once I caught a searching glance from him, beneath which my
eyes sank involuntarily.

The next moment an indignant sense of the injustice of his judgment rallied
my spirit. Why should I be ashamed, when I had no true cause for shame? If I
had acted unwisely in meeting Ralph Marshman in the wood, my intention had
been good. I had done nothing that I should fear to confess to mother. Oh,
how I longed for the time when I could tell her all about it!

With that I lifted my head, and, making a desperate effort to appear

lighthearted, I began to talk with Mr. Dicks. A strange mood took possession of
me, and I laughed and talked with a flippancy of which I was afterwards
heartily ashamed. My liveliness outran Agneta's. I said such foolish things that
aunt looked at me in astonishment. I believe she thought I had caught
Paulina's fever. I could not have acted more foolishly. I was taking the best
means of confirming the ill opinion of me I believed Alan Faulkner had formed.
The cloud on his brow darkened. He appeared to pay little heed to what was
passing about him, yet instinct told me that he heard every word I uttered.
When dessert was placed on the table, he asked Aunt Patty to excuse him, as
he had some work he wanted to finish. He went away, and the burden of
despondency settled again upon my spirit, more intense than before.

I had never been so wretched as I was that night. I was entangled in a mesh
of adverse circumstances from which I was powerless to extricate myself. I lay
down feeling sure that there could be little sleep for me. Throughout the hours
of the night the same poignant thoughts tortured me. Yet I was not without
hope. Surely the morrow must bring relief. I determined to make an effort to
right myself in Alan Faulkner's estimation. He had, I knew, accepted Mrs.
Canfield's invitation to her garden party. During the hours we should spend in
those beautiful grounds, I could hope to find an opportunity of saying a few
quiet words to Alan Faulkner, which, without compromising Agneta would
convince him that Ralph Marshman was no friend of mine.

Round this idea my thoughts finally gathered as the weary night passed away.
Agneta's restless movements made me doubt if she were sleeping much more
than I, but I never addressed a word to her. I found it hard to forgive her for
the mischief she had wrought.

Day was dawning ere the first gleam of true comfort visited my soul. It came
with a memory of Holy Writ. "If our heart condemn us, God is greater than our
heart, and knoweth all things." My heart did condemn me for folly and mistake,
but not for the moral ugliness and dissimulation which I believed were imputed
to me. And God knew all things! However others might misjudge me, there
was perfect comprehension, perfect justice for me with Him. Why had I not
carried my sense of wrong to Him, instead of resenting my injury with
weapons of pride and indignation which had only recoiled against myself? I
had longed for the comfort of mother's sympathy, and all the while there was a
stronger, mightier Love, a Love which knew those hidden recesses of my
heart that I could hardly have laid bare even to her, and the arms of that love
were outstretched to draw me near! Weak, helpless, crying like a child, I crept
into the embrace of that love, and found rest. As the birds began to chirp
beneath the eaves I fell asleep.

When I came into the breakfast-room the next morning, rather later than
usual, Mr. Dicks cheerily congratulated me on its being such a fine day for the
garden party.

"It is just the kind of weather you young ladies like," he said; "fine and warm
enough for you to wear your muslins and laces without a fear. How my Pollie
would have enjoyed it! However, she will enjoy going to the seaside before
long, if all goes well. The doctor says he will soon give us permission to shift
our quarters."
I hardly know how I replied to him, for at the same moment there fell on my
ears the voice of Alan Faulkner saying to Aunt Patty in clear, incisive tones:

"I must write a note to Mrs. Canfield, and beg her to excuse me this afternoon.
I am obliged to go to town to-day on important business."

"Oh, what a pity!" Aunt Patty exclaimed, with genuine regret in her tones.
"Mrs. Canfield will be so disappointed."

"I think not," he said with a shake of the head. "Out of a hundred guests she
can surely spare one."

"That may be, but not such a one," was aunt's reply. "I know that both she and
the Squire were looking forward to seeing you."

Alan Faulkner smiled incredulously. For a learned professor, he was

wonderfully deficient in a sense of his own importance.

"Is there no help for it?" aunt asked.

"None," he replied. "I must go, and by the first train, too."

My heart sank within me as I realised that the hope to which I had clung
during the wakeful hours of the night was doomed to disappointment. Not yet
was I to be reinstated in the estimation of my friend. Unconsciously I had
cherished many pleasurable anticipations of the day's festivity. Now I shrank
from the thought of it, but I little foresaw how different from my preconceptions
everything would be.

CHAPTER XVII
A GALA DAY AT GREENTREE

GREENTREE HALL, the residence of Squire Canfield, as the countryfolk

called him, was situated not more than a quarter of a mile from "Gay Bowers,"
measuring the distance as the crow flies. The entrance gates and pretty
thatched lodge stood midway between the Vicarage and the village green. A
fine avenue of elms led up to the Hall, which had been the home of Canfields
for many generations. The present owner of the property, a man verging on
old age, was a worthy descendant of the good old family.

John Canfield was justly proud of his venerable house and beautiful grounds.
He employed several gardeners, and could boast the best-kept gardens in the
neighbourhood. His head gardener was wont to win the chief prizes at most of
the local flower shows. The extensive conservatories belonging to Greentree
Hall were well worth seeing, and when they were in the perfection of their
beauty the Squire would invite all his friends and acquaintances for many
miles round to come and see them. The garden party, for which Mrs. Canfield
issued invitations every June, was a festivity much appreciated in the locality,
and by no means despised by town folk, for a good many visitors came from
London by the mid-day express to assist at it. Mrs. Canfield was generally
fortunate in having good weather for her entertainment. Never could she have
had a more brilliant day than this promised to be.

Aunt Patty needed my help in various ways that morning, and I was glad to be
well occupied. I saw hardly anything of Agneta before luncheon. She kept
upstairs, and I fancied she was engaged in arranging some details of her
dress for the afternoon. Mrs. Canfield, with whom Aunt Patty was on the most
neighbourly terms, had begged her to bring her young people early, as she
wanted our assistance in starting the games.

Her own daughters were both married; one, the wife of an Essex M.P., was
coming from town with her husband for the day. Aunt Patty had promised that
we would be there by three o'clock, for which hour the guests were invited.

My toilette was quickly made—a short, light skirt and a pretty blouse, specially
designed by Olive for the occasion, gave me an agreeable sense of being
suitably attired.

"You look as nice as possible, Nan," Agneta said, casting a careless glance at
me as she fastened her shoe-string. "One cannot be very smart when one is
expected to play tennis."

"Nevertheless you seem to have achieved it," I said as I looked at her. She
was dressed as I had not seen her before—in a short skirt and smart little coat
of white serge, with gold buttons and gold braiding on collar and cuffs. Her
vest was of pale blue silk, daintily finished with lace, and her simple white hat
completed a costume which was in remarkably good taste for my cousin. "I
never saw you more becomingly dressed."

She laughed, and her face flushed with pleasure. "Thank you," she said. "I am
glad you approve; it is something to win a compliment from you."

Her trouble of yesterday seemed entirely to have vanished, unless her

excessive nervousness were a trace of it. It must be weakness that made her
lips twitch so strangely as she talked, and the fingers with which she was tying
her shoe strings tremble so much that she was very slow in securing them.

As I observed her I heard Aunt Patty's voice from below, crying:

"Come, girls, are you ready? It is time we went."

"You are ready, are you not, Agneta?" I said.

"Oh, yes—only—I must find another handkerchief," she replied. "Don't wait for
me, Nan—I'll overtake you. I know the way through the fields."

I ran downstairs, and told Aunt Patty that Agneta would be there in a minute.
Apparently the handkerchief was hard to find, for though we waited several
minutes she did not come. At last we passed into the garden. We had no
intention of walking by the road. We had only to go through the orchard and
across two fields beyond, and we were in Greentree Park. So aunt and I
strolled slowly on. Colonel Hyde and Mr. Dicks would follow later, but we knew
that Mrs. Canfield would like us to be there when her guests began to arrive.

"What can be keeping Agneta?" I said when we reached the end of the first
field. We waited, looking impatiently towards "Gay Bowers," but she did not
appear. "I must run back and hurry her," I said at last. "She has not been to
the Hall before, so I cannot leave her to follow alone. Don't wait for us, auntie."

"I suppose you had better go back," said aunt reluctantly, "but don't make
yourself hot by running. I will walk on slowly."

In spite of aunt's warning, I retraced my steps pretty quickly. Nothing was to

be seen of Agneta. I called to her as I entered the house, but received no
reply. I hurried upstairs to our room; it was unoccupied. Hastening downstairs
again, I encountered Jenny, our housemaid.

"Miss Redmayne has gone, miss," she said. "I saw her go out of the gate a
few minutes ago."
"Out of the gate," I repeated. "Do you mean that she went by the road?
Whatever made her do that? It is much farther."

"So I thought, miss," replied Jenny. "I wondered she should take that way, with
all the dust there'll be from the vehicles coming along presently. She had her
dust-cloak on her arm, though."

"Her dust-cloak!" I exclaimed. "You must be mistaken, Jenny. My cousin would

not be likely to carry a dust-cloak to the Hall."

"I was surprised myself, miss, to see Miss Redmayne with it, but she certainly
did take it," Jenny persisted.

"How very strange!" I said, amazed that Agneta should exhibit such unusual
and, to my mind, absurd carefulness on this occasion. "Well, it is no good my
following her along the road. If I go across the fields I shall be there almost as
soon as she is."

As I spoke a carriage full of ladies drove past our gate, and I could hear
another vehicle following it. People were coming early, determined to have a
long and pleasant afternoon. I turned back, feeling annoyed with my cousin,
and was by no means cool when I reached the Park. I saw Aunt Patty in the
midst of a group on the lawn, but Agneta was not with her. Before I could look
about for my cousin, Mrs. Canfield met me, greeted me kindly, and asked me
to go and see if the croquet hoops were properly set. They were not quite at
the right distances, and I was hurriedly altering them when a strong hand took
the last one from my grasp, and fixed it for me. With pleasure I perceived that
Jack Upsher had come to my assistance.

"You here, Jack!" I exclaimed. "Then the exam is over?"

"Rather!" he said. "But I could not get away till twelve o'clock to-day. I have
hardly been home half-an-hour, but I was not going to miss this social function
if I could help it."

"Really," I said, "You astonish me! This is something new. It seems only the
other day that you were saying how stupid you found this festivity last year."

"And so I did," he coolly replied. "You were not here last year, Nan. That fact
makes all the difference."

"Oh, I dare say!" I responded with a laugh. "You don't think my vanity is equal
to swallowing that? By the by, did you see anything of Agneta as you came
through the grounds?"

"No," he said. "Why? Have you lost your cousin?"

"Hardly that," I said with a smile; "but I have missed her somehow, and I am
afraid she may be feeling lonely as she knows hardly any one here. We will go
and look for her. But now tell me how you got on in your exam."

"Oh, don't ask me, Nan!" he groaned. "You may expect to hear that I am
ploughed again."

"Nonsense I shall expect nothing of the kind," was my reply. "You might tell me
how you think you have done."

"Oh, badly," he said, "though I am not without a faint hope that I may squeeze
through. I sincerely hope it may be so, for the governor's sake. I say, where's
that crank of a professor?"

As he spoke we had come round to the front of the Hall, and saw before us a
party on the lawn. The number of the guests had increased considerably, but I
looked in vain for Agneta.

"I don't know what you mean," I said stiffly. Then I saw Aunt Patty coming
towards me with the evident intention of addressing me.

"Nan," she said as she came up, "what about Agneta?"

"What about her?" I repeated stupidly, as I glanced around. "She is not here?"

"Of course not," said Aunt Patty quickly, "but you saw her—how is she?"

"I did not see her," was my reply; "Jenny said she had started."

"Then what is the meaning of this, which a servant has just brought me?" aunt
asked, holding out an envelope as she spoke. Within, hastily pencilled on a
slip of paper, were the words:

"Dear Mrs. Lucas,—I am sorry to say that I cannot come. My

head
is bad. Please express my regret to Mrs. Canfield."

"AGNETA."
I was amazed. Agneta had made no complaint of headache to me, nor had
she seemed to be suffering in any way. One wild conjecture after another
presented itself to my mind with lightning speed, and I suppose my expression
betrayed something of what was passing within, for Aunt Patty exclaimed
hastily:

"What is it, Nan? Of what are you thinking? Why do you look like that?"

"Oh, nothing," I replied hurriedly, "but I must go; I must find out what is wrong
with Agneta."

"Yes, do," said my aunt; "walking in the sun may have upset her and obliged
her to turn back. Go quickly, dear, and, if she should seem really ill, be sure to
send word to me."

"I will come with you," said Jack.

"You will do nothing of the kind," I replied. "You will stay and start some games
of tennis and croquet, and help Mrs. Canfield, as I promised to do, until I come
back."

"Oh, I say—" he began; but I waved him away, and was off for the nearest exit
from the Park. I needed no urging to haste. Once within the fields, I ran at my
utmost speed, for a painful suspicion had taken possession of my mind. Had I
fallen into a snare when I agreed to say nothing to Aunt Patty about Ralph
Marshman till this day was over?

I reached the house and tore upstairs to our bedroom. Agneta was not there.
Everything belonging to her was left in perfect order. A hasty glance round
convinced me that she had been gathering her things together and arranging
them with a certain method and purpose.

I had now no fear that my cousin was ill. A very different explanation forced
itself upon my mind. So strong was this conviction that I did not wait to search
the house. After one futile call, unheard even by the servants, who had
betaken themselves to the garden, and were watching from behind the trees
the unusual traffic along the quiet country road, I got out my bicycle, mounted
it, and rode at full speed for Chelmsford.

I felt desperate as I sped along the road. For the first time in my career as a
cyclist I was guilty of "scorching." Agneta must have had fully half-an-hour's
start of me. How she had gone I could not tell; probably she had availed
herself of one of the conveyances returning from Greentree Hall. I knew that a
train left Chelmsford for London some time between three and four o'clock,
and by this I imagined that she would travel, for I had made up my mind that
she was bent on elopement. If only I could get to the station before that train
started! It hardly seemed possible that I could be in time.

I had never ridden so hard before, and I certainly never felt so ashamed of
myself. I kept meeting carriages carrying guests to the garden party. With
many of the people I was doubtless acquainted, but I looked neither to the
right nor left as I rode on, mechanically steering my way as directly as
possible. How thankful I was that my machine was such a splendid runner! I
got over the ground at a record pace. I dimly wondered, as I passed each
conveyance, whether the people it carried would think me mad, or imagine
that sudden illness or accident was the cause of my thus rushing into town.
Those who recognised me would assuredly think it very strange that I should
be going from Greentree in such haste on that afternoon.

But now I was coming into the town, and it behoved me to ride more
circumspectly, if I would not get into trouble. I heard a church clock strike the
half-hour, and felt sure that I should miss the train unless it were behind time,
which might possibly happen, as it came up from Ipswich, and I believed it
was market day there. The way to the station seemed to have mysteriously
lengthened out; but I turned the corner at last, and saw the booking-office
before me.

The train was just coming in as I sprang from my bicycle and gave it into the
care of a porter. I got my ticket and rushed on to the platform. My eyes fell on
Agneta, wrapped in her long grey dust-cloak, just as she was stepping into a
carriage. A porter was closing the door. By an imperious sign, I bade him hold
it open, and, running up, sprang breathless into the compartment just as the
train began to move. As I sank panting on to a seat opposite to my cousin, she
uttered a cry of surprise and dismay.

CHAPTER XVIII
AN ELOPEMENT
THERE were several other persons in the carriage with Agneta, and they
observed me curiously as I slowly recovered from the effects of the rush I had
made.

"Nan," said Agneta, leaning forward and speaking in an angry whisper, "what
is the meaning of this? Why are you here?"

"It is I who should put such questions," was my reply. "Why are you, Agneta,
running away thus? How could you dare to send such a false excuse to Aunt
Patty?"

"It is true enough!" she said defiantly. "My head does ache; and I could not go
to the Hall because I had promised to go to London."

"To meet Ralph Marshman, I suppose?" I said, carefully subduing my voice.

She nodded.

"Of course; but it is all right, Nan. He has procured a special licence, and we
shall be married almost as soon as I reach London."

"Oh, will you?" I said to myself. "Not if I can prevent it!"

"It is perfectly mad of you to come away thus," she went on, "and you will do
no good. How could you be so foolish as to leave the garden party? What will
Mrs. Canfield say?"

"I do not care," I said doggedly; but it was hardly true. I did care. The thought
of Aunt Patty's anxiety and Mrs. Canfield's astonishment made me uneasy. It
was not pleasant to think of the remarks people were probably making about
me at that moment; but I believed I was doing right. Better that I should be
misunderstood and misjudged than that Agneta, on the threshold of
womanhood, should bring upon herself a lifelong misery. I might not succeed
in thwarting her purpose; but it should not be my fault if she threw herself
away upon a bad man.

"How you managed to get here so quickly I cannot think," Agneta continued.
"You could not have done it if the train had not been late, I know, for I made a
calculation. To think it should be late to-day of all days! Not that it will make
any difference. You need not think that you are going to stop me! My mind is
quite made up! I mean to marry him!"
"You shall not marry him in this wrong and secret manner if I can help it!" was
my reply. "I tell you that frankly!"

Then aware that our fellow travellers were watching us, and doubtless
wondering what caused the altercation we were carrying on in undertones, I
became silent, and Agneta, after a few indignant and cutting comments on my
behaviour, to which I made no reply, also ceased to speak.

I felt far from comfortable as the train bore us rapidly towards London. I
dreaded the thought of another encounter with Ralph Marshman. I had but the
vaguest ideas of what action I ought to take in the strange situation into which
I was thus thrust. I could only resolve that I would not quit my cousin. I would
witness her marriage if I could not hinder it; but I believed that no clergyman
would perform the ceremony if I told him that Agneta was under age, and
about to marry in defiance of her parents' will.

At the last station before we reached Liverpool Street most of the people in
our compartment got out. Agneta seized the opportunity to make another
attempt to shake my resolution.

"It is of no use, Nan," she said. "You had better take the next train back to
Chelmsford. You will only make yourself ridiculous. You cannot prevent us
from doing as we please."

"I am not so sure of that," I said. "Anyhow, I mean to try."

"I never knew such folly!" she said so passionately that I felt sure she was not
so confident of carrying out her plans as she wished to appear.

"The folly is yours, Agneta!" I replied. "You are worse than foolish! You are a
wicked, ungrateful girl, and if you get your own way in this you will be a
miserable woman!"

That she responded with angry and offensive words was no sign that she did
not feel my words to be true. Her face grew very white as the train began to
slow into the terminus. I expect I was pale too. I know I felt faint, and trembled
all over as I rose and grasped Agneta's arm, determined that she should not
slip away. As we glided past an array of porters, I caught sight of Ralph
Marshman peering eagerly into each compartment. The next moment he saw
Agneta, and, darting forward, opened the door and helped her out almost
before the train stopped. He looked amazed as I sprang after her and clung to
her side.
"You here!" he faltered, and his brow grew dark. "What is the meaning of
this?"

"It means that I have come to look after my cousin!" I said boldly.

"It is very kind of you," he said sarcastically; "but she needs your care no
longer. I will take care of her now."

"Where she goes I go too," was all I said as I tightened my grasp of her arm,
in spite of her efforts to shake me off.

"But this is absurd!" he said, and went on to make angry and rude remarks,
which had no more effect on me than if I had been deaf, so firmly strong was
my resolve. He even laid his hand on my arm and tried by force to separate
me from my cousin, but I was able to resist the attempt, and he could not do
more without making a scene amid the crowd of passengers now upon the
platform.

We moved toward the exit, I clinging to Agneta's left arm, and Marshman
walking on the other side of her. Suddenly she uttered a low cry of dismay and
drew away from him.

"What is the matter?" he asked.

Why I looked towards him I do not know, but as I did so I saw that Alan
Faulkner stood just behind him, and was gazing at me with astonished eyes. It
was only for a moment that I saw him. A mist passed before my eyes and my
head grew dizzy. When I looked again he had vanished in the crowd, and so
had Ralph Marshman.

But it was not the sight of Alan Faulkner that had startled Agneta. Some one
else was claiming her attention. An elderly gentleman, spare and trim in
appearance and of dignified demeanour, had laid his hand on her shoulder
and was gazing at her with wrath and indignation in his eyes.

"Agneta, what are you doing here? Was it you that rascal came to meet?"

Agneta was dumbfounded. When she tried to speak utterance failed her. Her
lips quivered helplessly and she burst into tears. The speaker looked at her
with more exasperation than compassion in his glance. His eyes fell on me,
and he said with an air of extreme irritation:
"Perhaps you will kindly explain what brings my daughter to town at this hour.
You seem to be her companion."

I had not seen my uncle since I was a child, and till he spoke thus I failed to
recognise him. He was the last person I expected to meet just then.
Deliverance had come from the most unexpected quarter; but thankful I was
that it had come.

"I am her cousin, Annie Darracott," I said simply.

"Oh, really! And you think it right to assist her to meet that scoundrel," he said
huskily. "So this is how Mrs. Lucas discharges her responsibility! I see I made
a mistake in committing my daughter to her care."

"You make a very great mistake now," I replied; "my aunt knows nothing of our
being here."

"The more shame to you," he responded severely; "but now, please take my
daughter into the waiting-room while I look after that scoundrel."

I was only too glad to obey, for Agneta had lost all control of herself and was
sobbing hysterically, and I felt like crying myself, though I was determined I
would not give way.

Ralph Marshman had not waited to be interviewed by an indignant parent. Mr.

Redmayne came back after a futile search for him. By that time I had procured
a glass of water for Agneta and she was a little calmer.

"I shall take charge of you now," he said grimly; "you will both come with me to
my hotel."

A moment's reflection convinced me that nothing would be gained by my

taking the next train for Chelmsford. The garden party would be over before I
could get to Greentree.

"I must send a telegram at once to Aunt Patty," I said. "She does not know
what has become of us and will be very uneasy."

"Oh, I am glad you have some consideration for her," he said bitterly. "Really
the lawlessness of young people nowadays is appalling! Running off by
yourselves to London in this way! I never heard of such disgraceful conduct
on the part of well-brought-up girls."
"You should not speak so to Nan, father," Agneta said. "It is not her fault that
we are here. She only came because I did."

"I beg her pardon if I am unjust," he said, "but the whole affair is
incomprehensible to me. I will go and telegraph to Mrs. Lucas, and then I will
take you away."

"Oh, if only you would take me home to mother!" I said involuntarily.

"What! To Clapham? You would like to go there?"

"Why, of course!" I said almost impatiently.

He looked at me in some surprise.

"I could take you, certainly," he said. "Perhaps—I wonder if—However, we can
talk of that presently." And he went off to despatch the telegram.

"Oh, Nan, don't leave me!" Agneta said when he had gone. "Father is awful
when he is angry! He won't be quite so bad if you are with me."

"And yet you were ready to dare his utmost anger," I said.

"Oh, I should not have minded so much if Ralph were with me!" she said. "And
he always said that father would be sure to forgive us when he found it
impossible to part us, but I was afraid."

"It seems that Mr. Marshman is afraid too, now," I could not help saying. "At
any rate, he has found it convenient to slip away and leave you to bear the
brunt of your father's displeasure."

When Uncle Redmayne came back to us, his bearing was somewhat less
severe. He said he had been thinking things over, and had come to the
conclusion that it would be well to take me home at once and explain to my
parents what had happened. Perhaps my mother would be willing to take
Agneta in for the night. He had business that would occupy him for some
hours on the following day, but he could take her back to Manchester with him
in the evening. He would write and explain to Mrs. Lucas his reasons for not
allowing her to return.

Agneta looked miserable enough when she heard this, but she said not a
word. Her father's manner towards her had lost none of its harshness. I could
not but feel sorry for her as I heard the cutting words he addressed to her
every now and then.
Before we started for Clapham, he took us to the refreshment room to have
some tea. He pressed me to try various sweet cakes, but neither I nor Agneta
could eat anything. The tea refreshed us, however, and still more sustaining to
me was the thought that I was going home. I had no fear of meeting my
parents. I knew that they would not condemn me unheard.

It hardly seemed real to me when presently I found myself driving in a cab

along the side of Clapham Common. How little I had thought when I rose that
morning that the evening would find me here!

Mother's astonishment when she saw us drive up to the door was beyond
words to express. She looked absolutely frightened, till I assured her that we
were both well, and that no fresh outbreak of illness had occurred. She told
me afterwards that I could have no idea how we had alarmed her, for both
Agneta and I looked as if something terrible had happened.

By this time, indeed, my cousin's strength was about gone, while her
headache had become almost unbearable. When we went upstairs she broke
down utterly, and, feeling sure that she could endure nothing more in the way
of rebuke or reproach, I persuaded her to go to bed.

Olive and Peggy bustled about and rearranged the rooms, aching with
curiosity to know what was the meaning of our sudden, unexpected arrival. I,
too, was longing to tell them, but nothing could be said till poor Agneta's
aching head lay on a cool pillow, and we could leave her to the quiet she so
sorely craved, though inward tranquillity it was beyond our power to give her.

A little later I was telling Mr. Redmayne in the presence of my father and
mother what I knew of Ralph Marshman's meetings with Agneta, and all that
had happened that day. When I had done, he expressed his regret that he had
blamed me ere he knew the truth of the matter.

"I see now that you were my headstrong girl's true friend," he said. "You tried
to save her from herself." Then, turning to father and mother, he added, "You
are more fortunate in your children than I am. I don't know how it is. I have
done everything for my children that I could do. They have had every
advantage, and all kinds of indulgences, yet when I look for a little comfort
from them, they reward me by the basest ingratitude."

There was a moment's silence, and then mother said gently:

"Agneta will surely be wiser after this. She has learned a lesson, I trust."
"If she has not, I will see that she does," he replied angrily. "She will find that I
will stand no more nonsense of this kind. That man thought that, if he
succeeded in marrying her, I should be fool enough to forgive her, and let her
have the portion I can give to my daughters, or, at any rate, leave it to her
when I die. I should have done nothing of the kind. If Agneta had married in
defiance of my wishes I would never have forgiven her. She might have
starved before I would have given her a shilling!"

"Oh, don't say that!" mother cried with a shiver, but there was no relenting in
his countenance. He looked quite capable of so acting at that moment, and I
am sure that he meant what he said.

Then he went on to explain how he had learned that Marshman had been
dismissed from his post in the bank at Newcastle, certain doubtful practices of
his having come to the knowledge of the firm. Thinking it probable that the
young man had gone to London and might make an attempt to see Agneta,
Mr. Redmayne decided to take an early opportunity of going to town himself.
While there, he would go down to "Gay Bowers," see Agneta, and put Aunt
Patty on her guard in case the detrimental should present himself.

He had not long arrived in town, and was on his way to Liverpool Street with
the idea of going down that very evening to Chelmsford, if there was a train
that would serve his purpose, when he perceived Ralph Marshman entering
the station in advance of him. Instantly, he resolved to watch the young man's
proceedings. He followed him to the platform where the train from Chelmsford
would come in, and, carefully avoiding his observation, waited a wearisome
time till at last the overdue train arrived. The result that rewarded his pains I
have already narrated. I was interested in hearing uncle's description of what
had occurred, till suddenly mother's eyes fell on me, and she exclaimed:

"Nan, you look worn-out. Go to bed at once."

And to bed I thankfully went, but did not sleep till I had told Olive the whole
story, and a good deal more.

CHAPTER XIX