Question Paper Preparation of Salts

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7.2 Preparation of Salts

Question Paper
Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

Section 7. Acids, Bases & Salts
Topic 7.2 Preparation of Salts
Difficulty Hard
Time allowed: 60
Score: /48
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 12
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Question 1a
Hydriodic acid, HI (aq), is a strong acid. Its salts are iodides.
It has the reactions of a typical strong acid. Complete the following equations.
i)
............Li + ............HI → ........................ + ...................
[1]
ii)
Zinc carbonate + hydriodic acid → .................... + .................... + ....................
[1]
iii)
MgO + ............HI → ................... + ...................
[1]
[3 marks]
Question 1b
Two of the reactions in (a) are acid / base and one is redox. Which one is redox? Explain your choice.
[2 marks]
Question 1c
Describe how you could distinguish between hydriodic, HI (aq), and hydrobromic, HBr (aq) acids, by bubbling chlorine
through these two acids.
Result with hydriodic acid ..................................................................................................
Result with hydrobromic acid .......................................................................................

Page 2 of 12
[2 marks]
Question 1d
20.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.00 mol / dm3, was placed in a beaker.
The temperature of the alkali was measured and 1.0 cm3 portions of hydriodic acid were added.
After each addition, the temperature of the mixture was measured. Typical results are shown on the graph.
NaOH (aq) + HI (aq) → NaI (aq) + H2O (l)

i)
Explain why the temperature increases rapidly at first and then stops increasing.
[2]
ii)
Suggest why the temperature drops after the addition of 18.0 cm3 of acid.
[1]
iii)
In another experiment, it was shown that 15.0 cm3 of the acid neutralised 20.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1.00 mol /
dm3. Calculate the concentration of the acid.
[2]
[5 marks]
Page 3 of 12
Question 2a
The hydroxides of the Group I metals are soluble in water. Most other metal hydroxides are insoluble in water.
Crystals of lithium chloride can be prepared from lithium hydroxide by titration.
25.0cm3 of aqueous lithium hydroxide is pipetted into the conical flask.

A few drops of an indicator are added. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added slowly to the alkali until the indicator just changes
colour. The volume of acid needed to neutralise the lithium hydroxide is noted.
A neutral solution of lithium chloride, which still contains the indicator, is left. Describe how you could obtain a neutral solution
of lithium chloride which does not contain an indicator.
[2 marks]
Page 4 of 12
Question 2b
Separate: Chemistry and Extended Only
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid was 2.20 mol / dm3. The volume of acid needed to neutralise the 25.0 cm3 of
lithium hydroxide was 20.0 cm3. Calculate the concentration of the aqueous lithium hydroxide.
LiOH + HCl → LiCl + H2O

[2 marks]
Question 2c
Lithium chloride forms three hydrates. They are LiCl.H2O, LiCl.2H2O and LiCl.3H2O.
Which one of these three hydrates contains 45.9% of water? Show how you arrived at your answer.
[3 marks]
Page 5 of 12
Question 3a
Soluble salts can be made using a base and an acid.
Complete this method of preparing dry crystals of the soluble salt cobalt(II) chloride-6-water from the insoluble base cobalt(II) carbonate.
Step 1
Add an excess of cobalt(II) carbonate to hot dilute hydrochloric acid.
Step 2
............................................................................................................
Step 3
............................................................................................................
Step 4
............................................................................................................
[4]
[4 marks]
Page 6 of 12
Question 3b
5.95g of cobalt(II) carbonate were added to 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration 2.0 mol / dm3.
i)
Calculate the maximum yield of cobalt(II) chloride-6-water and show that the cobalt(II)carbonate was in excess.
CoCO3 + 2HCl → CoCl2 + CO2 + H2O

CoCl2 + 6H2O → CoCl2.6H2O
Maximum yield:
number of moles of HCl used = ..............................
number of moles of CoCl2 formed = ..............................
number of moles of CoCl2.6H2O formed = ..............................
mass of one mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 238 g
maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = .............................. g
To show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess:

number of moles of HCl used = .............................. (use your value from above)
mass of one mole of CoCO3 = 119g
number of moles of CoCO3 in 5.95g of cobalt(II) carbonate = ..............................
[5]
ii)
Explain how these calculations show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess.
[1]
[6 marks]
Page 7 of 12
Question 4a
Silver(I) chromate(VI) is an insoluble salt. It is prepared by precipitation. 20 cm3 of aqueous silver(I) nitrate, concentration 0.2
mol /dm3, was mixed with 20 cm3 of aqueous potassium chromate(VI), concentration 0.1 mol /dm3. After stirring, the mixture
was filtered. The precipitate was washed several times with distilled water. The precipitate was then left in a warm oven for
several hours.
2AgNO3 (aq) + K2CrO4 (aq) → Ag2CrO4 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
What difficulty arises if the name of a compound of a transition element does not include its oxidation state, for example iron
oxide?
[2 marks]
Question 4b
Extended Only
These questions refer to the preparation of the salt.
i)
Why is it necessary to filter the mixture after mixing and stirring?
[1]
ii)
What is the purpose of washing the precipitate?
[1]
iii)
Why leave the precipitate in a warm oven?
[1]
[3 marks]
Page 8 of 12
Question 4c
i)
Explain why the concentrations of silver(I) nitrate and potassium chromate(VI) are different.
[1]
ii)
What mass of silver(I) nitrate is needed to prepare 100 cm3 of silver(I) nitrate solution, concentration 0.2 mol / dm3?
The mass of one mole of AgNO3 is 170 g.

[2]
iii)
What is the maximum mass of silver(I) chromate(VI) which could be obtained from 20 cm3 of aqueous silver(I) nitrate,
concentration 0.2 mol / dm3?
Number of moles of AgNO3 used = .....................

[1]
Number of moles of Ag2CrO4 formed = .....................
[1]
Mass of one mole of Ag2CrO4 = 332 g
Mass of Ag2CrO4 formed = ..................... g

[1]
[6 marks]
Page 9 of 12
Question 5a
Extended Only
Insoluble salts are made by precipitation.
A preparation of the insoluble salt calcium fluoride is described below.
To 15 cm3 of aqueous calcium chloride, 30 cm3 of aqueous sodium fluoride is added. The concentration of both solutions is
1.00 mol / dm3. The mixture is filtered and the precipitate washed with distilled water. Finally, the precipitate is heated in an
oven.
i)
Complete the equation.
Ca2+ + ..........F- →...............

[2]
ii)
Why is the volume of sodium fluoride solution double that of the calcium chloride solution?
[1]
iii)
Why is the mixture washed with distilled water?
[1]
iv)
Why is the solid heated?
[1]
[5 marks]
Page 10 of 12
Question 5b
Extended Only
The formulae of insoluble compounds can be found by precipitation reactions. To 12.0 cm3 of an aqueous solution of the
nitrate of metal T was added 2.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium phosphate, Na3PO4. The concentration of both solutions was 1.00
mol/ dm3.
When the precipitate had settled, its height was measured.
The experiment was repeated using different volumes of the phosphate solution. The results are shown on the following
graph.
What is the formula of the phosphate of metal T? Give your reasoning.

[3 marks]
Page 11 of 12
Page 12 of 12

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7.2 Preparation of Salts

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

Result with hydrobromic acid .......................................................................................

NaOH (aq) + HI (aq) → NaI (aq) + H2O (l)

25.0cm3 of aqueous lithium hydroxide is pipetted into the conical flask.

LiOH + HCl → LiCl + H2O

Add an excess of cobalt(II) carbonate to hot dilute hydrochloric acid.

CoCO3 + 2HCl → CoCl2 + CO2 + H2O

To show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess:

The mass of one mole of AgNO3 is 170 g.

Number of moles of AgNO3 used = .....................

Mass of Ag2CrO4 formed = ..................... g

Ca2+ + ..........F- →...............

When the precipitate had settled, its height was measured.

What is the formula of the phosphate of metal T? Give your reasoning.

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