POWER PLANT meeting no.

5 (Terms and Factors)

1. Connected Load – Part of the system, in which the combined continuous ratings of all the
receiving end apparatus or consumer premises which are connected to the system or part of the
system under consideration.
2. Demand – System in the load that is driven from the source of supply at receiving terminals over
a suitable and specific time interval.
3. Maximum Demand or Peak Load – biggest demand of an installation or system. The greatest of
all the demands that occurred over a period of time.
4. Load Factor – Ratio of the Average Load to the Maximum Demand.
AL
LF = always < 1
MD
5. Diversity Factor – Ratio of the Total Connected Load to the Plant Capacity
TCL
DF = < or > 1
PC
6. Demand Factor – Ratio of the Maximum Demand to the Total Connected Load
MD
De F = always < 1
TCL
7. Plant Capacity Factor – Ratio of the Energy Produced Annually to the Plant Capacity times hours
EPA
in a year. PCF = always < 1
PC x 8760
8. Utility Factor – Ratio of the Energy Produced Annually to the Plant Capacity times the number of
EPA
hours in service. UF =
PC x hrs ∈service

TYPICAL DIVERSITY FACTORS

Residence Lighting Commercial Lighting General Power Services

Between Consumers 3 to 4 1.50 1.50
Between Transformers 1.30 1.30 1.30
Between Feeders 1.20 1.20 1.20
Between Substation 1.10 1.10 1.10
 TYPICAL DEMAND FACTORS

Facto
Types of Consumer r

1/4 kW 1.00
Residence Lighting 1/2 kW 0.60
over 1 kW 0.50

Restaurants 0.70
Stores and Offices 0.70
Commercial Theaters 0.60
Lighting Small industry 0.60
Schools and Churches 0.55
Hotels 0.50

Below 7.5 kW 0.75

General Power 7.5 - 15 kW 0.65
Services (Motors) 15 - 75 kW 0.55
Over 75 kW 0.50

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. A central power station is supplying energy to a community through two substations. One
substation feeds four distribution circuits and the other is six. The Maximum daily recorded
demands are: Substation A = 6,000 KW; Feeder 1 = 1,700KW, Feeder 2 = 1,800KW, Feeder 3 =
2,800KW, Feeder 4 = 600KW. Substation B = 9,000 KW; Feeder 1 = 620KW, Feeder 2 = 1,500KW,
Feeder 3 = 1,000KW, Feeder 4 = 2,900KW, Feeder 5 = 2,200KW, Feeder 6 = 3,000KW. Calculate
the Diversity Factor between (a) Substations, (b) Feeders on Substation A and (b) Feeders on
Substation B.
2. A substation Transformers supplies a group of general power customer having a connected load
of 186 Kw, the load factor is 45% and sells PHP10.00/Kw-Hr. What will be the monthly income
from energy delivered through this transformers?
3. The annual peak load on a 15,000 kw power plant is 10,500 kw. Two substations are supplied by
this plant. Annual energy dispatched through A is 27,500,000 Kw-hr with a peak load of 8,900
Kw, WHILE 16,500,000 Kw-Hr are send through B with a peak load of 6,650 Kw. neglect the line
losses find (a) Diversity factor between Substations and (b) Capacity factor of the Power Plant.