WEEK:1 DATE:

CLASS: SS2 SUBJECT:

PHYSI
CS
TOPIC:ELECTROLYSI
S

REFERENCEBOOKS:
1.M.W,Anyakoha,
NewSchoolPhysicsforS.S.S4thEditi
on( 2011)pg406-411
2.W.A.E.
C, N.
E.C.
O&J.
A.M.Bpastquest i
on 3.I
nt ernet
PREVIOUSKNOWLEDGE:Thest udentshav ebeentaughtel ectrol
ysi
sinchemi
str
y
I
NSTRUCTI ONALMATERIALS:electrol
ytesandnon- elect
rolytes

DEFI
NITI
ONOFSI
MPLETERMS

El
ect
rol
ysi
s

Whenanelect
riccurr
entispassedthroughanel
ectr
olyt
esolut
ion,
theionsoftheel
ectr
olyt
e
under
gochemicalchangesattherespecti
veel
ect
rodes.Thechemical
react
ioncarr
iedoutby
passi
ngel
ectr
icit
yiscal
ledelect
rol
ysis.

i
tisimportantthatwef amil
iar
izeoursel
veswi t
hdiffer
enttermst hatwearegoingt
o
usetoexplaindiffer
entphenomena.Itiscruci
althatthedefi
niti
onsandmeani ngsof
theseter
msbeunder stoodattheoutsetinorderthatconceptsdefinedi
nthi
schapter
areeasil
yandcl earl
yapprehended.Thesetermsar egivenhereunder:

Electr
oly
sis:
decomposi
ti
onofacompoundi
nsol
uti
onormol
tenst
atebypassi
ngel
ect
ri
cit
y
throughit
.

Conduct
or:
asol
i
dsubst
ancet
hatal
l
owsel
ect
ri
cit
ytopasst
hroughi
t.Al
lmet
alsar
eincl
udedi
n
t
hiscl
ass.
Non-
conduct
orori
nsul
ator
:asoli
dsubst
ancet
hatdoesnotal
l
owel
ect
ri
cit
ytof
lowt
hroughi
t.
Al
lnon-
metal
sfal
li
nthi
sclass.

Elect
rol
yte:
asubst
ancewhi
ch,
whendi
ssol
vedormol
ten,
conduct
sel
ect
ri
cit
yandi
s
decomposedbyit
.

Non-
elect
rol
yte:
acompoundwhi
chcannotconductel
ect
ri
cit
y,bei
tinmol
tenorsol
uti
onst
ate.

El
ectr
ode:agraphi
teormet
alpol
e(r
od)orpl
atet
hroughwhi
cht
heel
ect
ri
ccur
rentent
ersor
l
eavestheel
ectr
oly
te.

Cat
hode:
anegat
iveel
ect
rodewhi
chl
eadsel
ect
ronsi
ntot
heel
ect
rol
yte.

Anode:
aposi
ti
veel
ect
rodewhi
chl
eadsel
ect
ronsoutoft
heel
ect
rol
yte.

I
on:
aposi
ti
vel
yornegat
ivel
ychar
gedat
om orr
adi
cal
(gr
oupofat
oms)
.

Cat
ion:
aposi
ti
vei
onwhi
chmov
est
othecat
hodedur
ingel
ect
rol
ysi
s.

Ani
on:
anegat
ivei
onwhi
chmov
est
otheanodedur
ingel
ect
rol
ysi
s.

Theel
ect
rol
yti
ccel
l(v
olt
amet
er)

Theappar atusinwhi chelectr

oly sisiscarri
edouti scal l
edelectroly
ticcell.Abattery
suppliesthedirectcurrent.Graphiteelectrodescar rythecurrentintoandoutoft he
l
iquidelectrol
yte.Graphiteischosenbecausei ti
squi teunreactive(inert
).Itwil
lnot
reactwiththeel ectr
olyt
eorwi thpr oductsofel ectroly
sis.El
ectronsf lowfrom the
negativeterminal(cathode)oft hebat teryaroundt hecircui
tandbackt otheposi ti
ve
terminal(anode) .I
ntheelectr
oly teitistheionst hatmov etocar rythecur rent
.
 PERIOD:TWO
Sub-
topi
c:FARADAY’SLAW OFELECTROLYSI
S
BJECTI
VES:Lear
ner
sshouldbeableto:i
.stat
eFaraday
’slawofel
ectr
oly
sis
ACTI
VITI
ES:
Thet eacherstatesFaraday’
slawofel ectroly
sis
Elect
rolysi
sisthechemi calchangei nal i
quidduet othefl
owofel ectr
iccurr
entt hrought hel i
quid.
FARADAY’ SLAW OFELECTROLYSI S
Faraday’sdi
scov eredtwolawsofel ectrol
ysis.
Faraday’sfi
rstlawst at
esthatthemass, M ofasubst ancel
iberat
edi nanelectrolysisi
sdi rectl
y
proporti
onaltothequant i
tyofelect
rici
tyQ, whichhaspassedthrought heel
ectrolyte.
M ∞ Q;M=Zi twher eQisthequant it
yofel ectri
cit
yincoul
ombs, Iisthecurrent(amper e) ,ti
stime
(seconds)andZi saconstantproporti
onalityknownast heelectr
ochemi calequivalent(
e. c.e)ofthe
substance.
Theelectr
ochemicalequiv al
entofasubstanceisthemassoft hatsubst
ancedeposi
tedbyone
coulombofelectr
icit
yinapr ocessofel
ectrol
ysi
s.
Faraday’
ssecondlawst atesthatthemassofadi f
ferentsubst
ancedeposit
edorli
ber
atedbythe
samequant i
tyofelectr
ici
tyaredir
ectl
yproport
ionalt
ot hechemicalequi
val
ent
softhesubst
ances.
ASSESSMENT
TheLear
nersar
eev al
uatedbyanswert
hisquest
ion:
stat
eFar
aday
’sl
awofel
ect
rol
ysi
s
ASSIGNMENT
Stat
e3usesofelectr
oly
sis

PERIOD:THREE
Sub-
topi
c:CONCEPTOFELECTROPLATI NG
OBJECTI
VES:Lear
ner
sshouldbeableto:i
.expl
aintheconceptofel
ect
ropl
ati
ng
ACTI
VITI
ES:
Thet eacherdoest hecorrect
ionoftheassignment
State3usesofel ectr
olysis
Solution
i
.el ectroplati
ng i
i.Extr
acti
onofsomemet al
s(al
uminium) i
ii
.pur
if
icati
onofsome
met als(copper)
i
v.pr oduct i
onofsomegases( hydr
ogen) v.cal
i
br at
eammet er vi
.Elect
rol
ysed
acidifi
edwat er
Thet eacherexpl ainstheconceptofel ectr
oplati
ng
CONCEPTOFELECTROPLATI NG
Electroplati
ngist heprocessofcoat i
ngamet alli
cobjectwit
hanot hermetali
nordertoimproveit
s
appear anceort osav eguideitagainstcorr
osion.Copper,si
l
v er,
chromium,ni
ckelorgoldcanbe
usedt oel ectr
oplateothermet al
li
cobjects.

Ingeneralt
hemat er
ial t
obeel ect roplat edi susedast hecat hodeofav olt
amet erwhichhasan
anodemadeoft heel ectr
oplatingmat er ial.Theel ectr
olyteusedisasol uti
onoft hesaltofthemet al
tobedeposited.Forexampl e,thesi lver- platingofspoonsi scarri
edoutbymaki ngthem thecathode
ofav ol
tametercont aini
ngasi lv ernitratesol uti
onandpassi ngcur rentthrought hesolut
ion.The
anodeismadeofpur esilv
er.Thesi l
v erni trateinsolutiondissociat
esi ntoAg+andNO3-i ons.Duri
ng
thepassageofel ectri
city
,Ag+i onsdr iftt ot hecathodewher etheyar edepositedont hespoon
cathode.Thespoon, t
hereforegetcov er edwi t
hthesilver.TheNO3-r emainsinsol ut
ion,combining
withsil
verfr
om theanodet of or m mor esi lvernitr
ate,thusmai nt
ainingt heconcent r
ati
onoft he
sil
vernit
rat
esolut i
onatt heor i
gi nallev el.

ASSESSMENT
TheLear
nersar
eev
aluat
edbyanswer
ingt
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions:
Whatarethepur
poseofel
ectr
opl
ati
ng
St
atethr
eeelement
sthatcanbeusedi
nel
ect
ropl
ati
ng

PERI
OD:FOUR
Sub-
topi
c:CALI
BRATI
ONOFAMMETERANDSOLVI
NGPROBLEMSRELATI
NGTOUSI
NGTHE
 FORMULAM=ZI
T
OBJECTI
VES:Lear
ner
sshoul
dbeabl
eto:
i.expl
aincal
i
brat
ionofammet
er
i
i
.sol
vepr
obl
em r
elat
ingt
oel
ect
rol
ysi
s
ACTI
VITI
ES:
Thet
eacherexpl
ainscal
ibr
ati
onofammet
er
CALI
BRATIONOFAMMETER

Theappar atusi ssetupasshownabov e.Theammet ertobecal ibratedisusedi ntheset -

up.The
coppercat hodei swei ghedbef orethecur r
enti sswi tchedon.Byt headjustmentoft herheost ata
suit
abl ecur rentofabout1. 5Aisallowedt of l
owt hrought hecopperv olt
amet erforabout30mi nutes.
thecur rentismai nt
ainedatast eadyv aluet hroughoutt he30mi nutesoft heexper i
mentbyadj ust
ing
therheost atf r
om t i
met otime.
Attheendoft he30mi nutes,t
hecat hodei swashed, dri
edanr e-wei ghedtoobt ainthemassof
copperdeposi ted.
LetthemassofcopperbeM andt heel ectrochemi cal equiv
alenceofcopperbeZ.Thenf rom M=Zi t,
weHav et het ruecurrentisgivenbyI=M /Zt .SinceM, Zandtar eknown, Icanbecal culated.The
val
ueofIi st hencompar edt othev aluer ecordedbyt heammet er.Thedi ff
erencegi vesthe
correctiont obeappl iedt oanyr eadingasr ecor dedbyt heammet er.
Thet eachergui desthest udentst osolvepr obl emsonel ect
rolysis
Exampl es
Acur rentof2Ai spassedt hroughacopperv oltamet erfor5mi nut es.iftheelectr
ochemi cal
equivalentofcopperi s3. 27x10-7KgC-1.det ermi nethemassofcopperdeposi ted.
Solution
M =Zi t=3. 27x10-7x2x( 60x5)=1. 962x10-4Kg.
ASSESSMENT
TheLearnersareeval
uatedbyanswerthisquesti
on: explai
nthecal i
brat
ionofammeter
ASSIGNMENT
I
nanel ect
rolysi
sexper
iment,acathodeofmass5gi sfoundtowei gh5.01gaft
eracurr
entof
5Af l
owsfor50seconds.Whati stheel
ectr
ochemi calequiv
alentofthedeposit
edsubst
ance?
Solut
ion
Massdeposited=5.01–5. 00=0.01g
Z=M /I t=0.01/5x50=0. 01/250=0.00004kgc-1.
H.O.DREMARK: