Name:

IRDAAFI
FAHRAHMAT_
105421111221

Exer
cise2:Skel
etal
Muscl
ePhy
siol
ogy
:Act
ivi
ty3:
TheEf
fectofSt
imul
usFr
equencyonSkel
etal
Muscl
eCont
ract
ion
LabRepor
t

Pre-
labQui
zResul
ts
Youscored100%byanswer
ing4outof4quest
ionscor
rect
ly.

1. Dur
ingasinglet
witchofaskel
etalmuscle
Youcorrect
lyanswered:b.maxi
mal f
orceisnev
erachi
eved.

2. Whenaskelet
almusclei
srepeti
ti
velystimulated,
twit
chescanover
lapeachot
herandr
esul
tinast
ronger
muscl
econt
racti
onthanastand-
alonetwitch.Thisphenomenonisknownas
Youcorr
ect
lyanswered:
c.wavesummat i
on.

3. Wavesummationisachiev
edby
Youcor
rect
lyanswered:
a.increasi
ngt
hest
imul
usf
requency(
ther
ateofst
imul
usdel
i
ver
ytot
hemuscl
e).

4. Wavesummat i
onincreasesthef
orcepr
oducedi
nthemuscl
e.Anotherwayt
oincr
easet
hef
orcepr
oducedbya
muscl
eisto
Youcor
rectl
yanswered:d.incr
easet
henumberofact
ivat
edmotoruni
ts.

11/
04/
21 page1
Experi
ment
Result
sPredict
Questi
on:
Predi
ctQuest i
on1:Asthesti
mulusf r
equencyincreases,whatwil
lhappentot
hemusclefor
cegeneratedwit
h
eachsuccessivesti
mulus?Wil
ltherebealimittothisresponse?
Youranswer: b.Asthestimul
usfrequencyincreases,themusclefor
cegener
atedbyeachsuccessi
vesti
mulus
wil
li
ncrease.Therewil
lbealimittothi
sincrease.

Predi
ctQuesti
on2:I
nor dertoproducesust
ainedmuscl
econt
ract
ionswi
thanact
ivef
orcev
alueof5.
2gr
ams,
doy
ou
thi
nkyouwil
lneedtoincreasethestimul
usvoltage?
Youranswer:b.no

Stop&ThinkQuesti
ons:
Wast her
eanychangeinthefor
cegenerat
edbythemuscledur
ingthesecondst
imul
ated
twit
ch?Youcor
rect
lyanswered:
c.Yes,t
hesecondtwi
tchgener
atedmoremusclefor
ce.

I
st hetotal
muscleforcegenerat
edbythehi
gherf
requencyst
imulat
iongreat
ert
hant
hef
orcegener
atedi
n
previ
oussti
mulat
ions?
Youcor r
ectl
yanswered:a.Yes,i
tisgr
eat
ert
hantheprevi
oussti
mulati
ons.

Doesthefor
cegeneratedbythemusclechangewi t
heachadditi
onalst
imul
us?
Youcorr
ectl
yanswered:b.Asthesti
mulusfrequencyincr
eased,
themusclet
ensi
ongener
atedbyeachsuccessi
ve
st
imul
usalsoincr
eased,andali
miti
ngmaximum v aluewasobserved.

Exper
imentDat
a:

Volt
age Lengt
h Sti
mul us Act
iveFor
ce Passi
veFor
ce Tot
alForce
8.
5 75 Single 1.
83 0.0 1.83
8.
5 75 Mul t
iple 2.
87 0.0 2.87
8.
5 75 Mul t
iple 2.
87 0.0 2.87
8.
5 75 Mul t
iple 4.
48 0.0 4.48
10 75 Mul t
iple 4.
22 0.0 4.22
8.
5 75 Mul t
iple 5.
20 0.0 5.20

11/
04/
21 page2
11/
04/
21 page3
11/
04/
21 page4
Post
-l
abQui
zResul
ts
Youscor
ed100%byanswer
ing4outof4quest
ionscor
rect
ly.

1. Whi
chofthefol
l
owingisnotoneoftheway
sthatt
hebodycanincr
easet
hef
orcepr
oducedbyaskel
etal
muscl
e?Youcor
rect
lyanswer
ed:d.appl
i
cati
onofhi
gherv
olt
agestothewhol
emuscl
e

2. Whenamuscler
eceiv
esasti
mulusf
requency
thatcausesnon-ov
erl
appi
ngtwit
chestof
oll
oweachothercl
osel
yi
nti
mesuch
thatt
hepeaktensi
onofeacht wi
tchr
isesinastepwisefashionuptoaplat
eauvalue,
theresul
tisknownas
Youcorr
ectl
yanswered:c.t
reppe.

3. I
nthisexper
imenttheisol
atedskelet
almuscl
ewasrepeti
ti
vel
ysti
mulatedsuchthati
ndiv
idualt
wit
chesoverl
apped
wit
heachotherandresul
tedinastrongermuscl
econt
ract
ionthanastandal
onetwit
ch.Thisphenomenonisknownas
Youcorr
ectl
yanswered:c.wavesummat i
on.

4. Wavesummationisachiev
edby
Youcor
rect
lyanswered:
a.increasi
ngt
her
ateofst
imul
usdel
i
ver
y(f
requency
)tot
hemuscl
e.

11/
04/
21 page5
Rev i
ewSheetResul t
s
1. Whati st hedi
ff
erencebet
weensti
mul
usintensi
tyandsti
mul
us
frequency
? Youranswer:
stimulusi
nt ensi
tyr
eferstot
hest
rengt
hofthesti
mulus,wher
easst
imul
usf
requencyr
efer
stot
her
ateofst
imul
usdel
i
ver
y
tothemuscl e

2. Inthisexper i
menty ouobservedtheeffectofsti
mul at
ingt
heisolat
edskeletalmusclemult
ipl
etimesinashortper
iod
withcompl eterelaxati
onbet weenthestimuli.Descr
ibethefor
ceofcontract
ionwitheachsubsequentsti
mulus.Ar
ethese
result
scall
edt reppeorwav esummat ion?
Youranswer :
i
ntensityreferstot hestrengthofthestimulus,whereassti
mulusfr
equencyreferstotherat
eofstimul
usdeliv
eryto
themuscle

3. Howdi dthef requencyofst imulationaf f

ectt heamountoff or cegener atedbythei solat
edskel etalmusclewhen
thefrequencyofst imul ati
onwasi ncreasedsucht hatt
hemuscl et witchesdi dnotf
ull
yr elaxbetweensubsequentst i
muli
?
Aretheser esul t
scal ledtreppeorwav esummat ion?Howwel l
didt heresultscompar ewi thyourpredicti
on?
Youranswer :
Ipredictedt hatast hestimulusfrequencyi ncreased, t
hemuscl ef orcegener atedbyeachsuccessi vestimuluswould
alsoincreasewi thal imit
;thus,mypr edicti
onwascor r
ect
.Thef requencyofst imul
ationcausedt heamountoff or
ce
gener at
edby theisol atedskelet
almuscl etoi ncreasewhent hefr equencyofst i
mulationwasi ncreasedwi thoutmuscle
twitchesf ull
yrelaxingbet weensubsequentst imul i
.Themuscle? berswer eal r
eadyinapar t
ial
l
ycont ractedstatewhenthe
subsequent sti
mul iwer edeliver
ed;thus, t
her esultsarecal
ledwav esummat i
on

4. Toachi ev eanact i
veforceof5.2g, didyouhavetoi ncreasethesti
mul usv ol
tageabove8.5vol
ts?Ifnot,
howdid
youachiev eanact i
veforceof5.2g?Howwel ldi
dther esult
scompar ewithy ourpredi
cti
on?
Youranswer :
Ipredi
ctedt hest i
mulusv olt
agedidnotneedt oincreasesi nordert
oproducesust ai
nedmusclecontracti
onswit
han
acti
veforcev alueof5.2;thus,mypredictionwascor r
ect.Whent hesti
mul usv olt
agewasi ncr
easedabov e8.
5volt
s( 10.
0
volt
s),
theact iveforceonlyreached4.22.I nor
dertoachi ev
eanact i
veforceof5. 2,setatasti
mulusvoltageof8.
5v olt
s,
thesti
mul usf requencyneededt obeincr eased

5. Compar eandcontrastfrequency-dependentwav esummat i

onwithmotorunitrecrui
tment(pr
ev i
ousl
yobser ved
byincreasingthestimulusv olt
age).Howar et heysi
milar?Howwaseachachi evedintheexperi
ment ?Expl
ainhoweach
i
sachi evedi nvivo.
Youranswer :
Frequency -dependentwav esummat i
onandmot orunitrecruit
mentaresimil
arasbot hmethodsresulti
nani ncrease
ofactiveandt otalf
orce.Howev er,fr
equency -dependentwav esummationisin?
uencedandachi evedbyincr
easi ng
sti
mul usfrequency,whereasmot orunitrecruitmenti
si n?uencedandachievedbyincreasi
ngstimulusint
ensity.Invi
vo,
therecruit
mentofaddi ti
onal motoruni t
si ncreases(i
n?uences)t het
otalmusclefor
cepr oduced

11/
04/
21 page6