Q.

1) Fog signals (v/l aground)

3 distinct strokes rapid ringing of bell 5 secs 3 distinct strokes if 100m or more gong
shall be sounded 5 secs additionally. - 'U' you are running into danger.

Q. 2) sextant
A sextant is an instrument used to measure the angle between any two visible
objects. Its primary use is to determine the angle between a celestial object and
the horizon which is known as the object's altitude. Making this measurement is
known as sighting the object, shooting the object, or taking a sight and it is an
essential part of celestial navigation. The angle, and the time when it was
measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical or aeronautical
chart.

Q. 3) cardinal marks
North- continuous flashing, south- 6 flashing, east- 3 flashings and west- 9 flashings

Q. 4) What are the day, night & fog signals for a vessel aground
Day signal - Three Balls in a vertical line. Night Signal - in addition to the anchor
lights, 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line Fog Signal at intervals of not more
than 1-minute ring the bell rapidly for five seconds. In a vessel 100 meters or more
in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately
after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds
in the after part of the vessel. in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes
on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel
aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal three balls in vertical
line. two all-round red lights in vertical line and anchor light/s. 3 distinct strokes
rapid ringing of bell 5 secs 3 distinct strokes if 100m or more gong shall b sounded
5sec. Additionally. - 'U' you are running into danger. Day signal - Three Balls in a
vertical line... Night Signal - in addition to the anchor lights, to all-round red lights
in a vertical line. Fog Signal at intervals of not more than 1- minute ring the bell
rapidly for five seconds. In a vessel 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be
sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell
the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the
vessel. in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately
before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition
sound an appropriate whistle signal.

Q. 5) lights of vessels aground, trawler, other fishing vessels?

Vessel Aground-
i. two all-round red lights in a vertical line.
ii. in fore and aft part, an all-round white light.
Trawler –
i. two all-round lights in vertical line, upper being green and lower white.
when making way sidelights and stern lights.
Fishing vessel-
i. two all-round lights in vertical line, upper being red and lower white.
v/l aground, one all-round white light at the fore part of the vessel-and another all-
round white at aft part of the vessel. Two all-round red light in a vertical line.
Trawler-all round white and green light in a vertical line-side lights stern lights, two
all-round red lights when her nets came upon obstruction-one all-round white light
towards the direction of nets while shooting -one all-round white and red light when
hauling her nets.

Q. 6) What is the chart datum to which Indian charts are made?

Chart Datum is an arbitrary plane below which low water tide seldom falls. It is a
datum to which sounding on a published hydrographic chart are reduced. All the
bathymetric contours are referred to this datum. The tidal predictions and tidal levels
given in the tide tables are also given with relation to the same datum. Chart datum
in India had been fixed at Indian Spring Low Water Mark (ISLW) during nineteenth
century. For this, sufficiently long tidal observations had been made at various
locations.
During the Spring tide, low water mark had been measured and fixed as chart datum
at this. All Indian charts are based on Everest datum. Check MS notice 1/2004
Everest datum.

Q. 7) buoyage system in Japan, uses of special marks, safe water marks etc.?
system b, special marks -odas, TSS where use of conventional channel marking
may cause confusion, spoil ground, military exercise zone, cable or pipeline mark,
recreation zone. safe water mark- center line marks and mid channel marks.an
alternative to cardinal or a lateral mark to indicate a land fall.

Q. 8) IAMSAR
international aeronautical and maritime search and rescue assist the master of search
and rescue operation
SOLAS chapter V Safety of Navigation requires ships to carry an up-to-date copy of
Volume III of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue
(IAMSAR) Manual.

Q. 9) Lights of NUC vessel

two all-around red light placed where it can best be seen, if making way through the
water in addition to red light side light and stern light. There will be two red lights
plus all navigational light
2 all-round red lights in vertical line, and if making way in addition, sidelights n stern
light

Q. 10) SITUATION - restricted visibility, vessel on your port bow is crossing actions
& precautions? reduce speed or take all way off. Change your sound signal...wait for
vessel to cross you
check your starboard side take wide alt to starboard. As per rule no 19 d 1 1short
blast altr course to starboard. Reduce your speed to determine at which she can be
kept on her course and if necessary, take all her way off.
Q. 11) Aneroid barometer and avoiding action in TRS

Q. 12) SITUATION - CBD right ahead crossing u from port.

One short blast alert calls to starboard... (If CBD slows down < CBD is a pd
vessel> as give way vessel then u cross her head) if not parallel course alt co to
starboard and pass her stern.

Q. 13) rule 5 and 6

Q. 14) read RULE 19 and its meaning

Q. 15) Great Circle sailing

a great circle track is the shortest distance, measured along the earth's surface,
between 2 poles. a great circle track cuts successive meridians at different angles
because meridians are not parallel to each other. the course, therefore, should
change slightly whilst crossing each meridian. practically at sea, the departure and
arrival positions are plotted on a gnomonic chart and joined by a straight line. the
vertex and suitable points are read off the chart and the navigator does Mercator
sailing from point to point thereby following the great circle track effectively ...!!

Q. 16) Echo sounder errors and principle.

Velocity error aeration multiple echo Pythagoras.

Q. 17) SITUATION - You are proceeding north and u see a north

cardinal buoy. action inform master reverse course check depth of the
water reverse course, inform master, check chart if you are proceeding
north n u c NC mark. That means you are already in proximity of point
of interest or danger...best action is to inform master and stop your
vessel immediately. Plot your position and check where to alter for
safe depth of water or away from danger...

Q. 18) Courses checked and compasses compared. What do you do in this regard and
if they do not totally know what action are you expecting?
means course to steer on chart is the same as course being made good. compasses
compared means gyro raptors compared with master gyro and with magnetic
compass.

Q. 19) How would you determine if your ship is dragging anchor or not? What
action would you take as OOW?
For the detection of dragging of anchor is reliably obtained by GPS. The shift of
ships position beyond limits set in by OOW would be detected and indicated by
audible and visual alarm. The GPS position of the anchor and a radius of tolerance
(length of cable paid out + the distance of the bow from bridge + a reasonable
margin) can be fed in. if the ship's position ever falls outside the circle of tolerance
an alarm would be activated, the dragging of anchor by a ship is not always
detectable by observation of visual bearings alone. Compass bearing of close by
objects may change considerably, due to yaw, without any appreciable change of
position of the ship. it is easily possible to detect the dragging of anchor by the ship,
bearing in mind that: 1) strong tides tends to drag the ship in a direction away from
anchor, i.e., in the direction opposite to the to the ship's head last marked by the
arrow on the chart... 2) the position obtained on the chart should lie within a circle
whose center is the anchor and whose radius is the sum of length of the cable paid
out and distance from bow to the bridge... actions on dragging anchor.
1)inform master.
2)inform engine room, this is an emergency, get engines ready
as soon as possible. Switch on power to windlass
3)call anchor stations
4) call for a messenger on bridge because the A.B. will be manning the wheel.
5)Switch on the Steering motors.
6)Switch on radar /ARPA
7) try the pneumatic whistle and electric Klaxon,
8)the VHF would already be on channel
16.
9) keep a record of all the happenings and their timings in bridge notebook,
10) carry out master's orders.
11) if the master is ashore, the chief officer would automatically take charge of the
situation,
12) in rare case of both Master and C/O ashore, the second officer would have to
manage, KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN MIND
13) the length of the cable paid out (usually 6 times the depth of water) is only to
ensure that the pull on the anchor shank, while it in on seabed, is horizontal. once
that is assured paying out more cable would not help!!
14) heaving up anchor, maneuvering the ship and re-anchoring should only be the
last resort by the second officer. Having insufficient experience and being without
proper support on the bridge this is too risky,
15) inform the harbor control by VHF."My ship is dragging anchor. Require a Pilot
immediately."
16) call up agents on telephone and inform them" Ship is dragging anchor, the
Master and Chief officer are ashore please contact them and send them onboard as
soon as possible.
17) Pull the wheel hard over away from the first anchor and hold it there.
18) prepare the second anchor to let go,
19) when the ship has steered away from the 1st anchor, drop the other anchor on
the bottom and stop the run of the cable,
20) put both cables in gear and walk back equal equally on both, ensuring that the
first anchor has at least half a shackle left in chain locker,
21) put both the brakes on, take the gears out and hold on,
22) keep anchor watch to ensure that the anchors are holding,
23) keep engines on stop at short notice.
A dangerous situation that demands prompt action It happens to every boater
sooner or later. The wind in your anchorage rises, the motion of the boat increases,
and your anchor starts to drag. Sometimes the rumbling of an all- chain rode warns
you. At other times, your first indication may be when other boats firmly anchored
to leeward appear to be moving slowly upwind toward your stern. That’s an
astonishing sight the first time you experience it. The first sign of dragging in a
crowded anchorage calls for immediate action. If you have just lowered the anchor,
pull it up and try again, perhaps in a different spot.
If you’ve been swinging comfortably on the “hook” for a while, however, a solution
other than weighing anchor and re-anchoring may be in order. First, let out more
anchor line, as much as you can without fouling another boat. That will give your
rode a more efficient angle of pull so that the anchor should dig into the ground
instead of being pulled upward out of it. If that doesn’t solve the problem, you can
start the engine and run it ahead slow to take some strain off the anchor while you
think things through or wait for the squall to blow over. But what if your engine
won’t run because, in all the excitement, your dinghy painter has fouled the prop?
Or what if the storm is settling in for a while and you need a longer-term solution?
Next, load the kedge, or secondary, anchor into the dinghy and flake its line down
on top of it. Make the bitter end fast to the boat and take the dinghy to windward,
paying out the anchor line as you go. When you reach the end of the line, drop the
anchor a couple of boat lengths to one side of the anchor already down there so
that the two lines together form a shallow V from the bow of the boat. Back on the
boat, haul away on the new anchor line until you feel it dig in, and make it fast at
the bow. Adjust the lines so that both anchors are now taking the strain fairly. If
your primary anchor has still not reset itself or if it was fouled in the first place,
allow the newly set kedge to take all the strain while you weigh the first anchor and
reset it from the dinghy, just as you did with the kedge. If necessary—if you have a
reef close astern, or the engine isn’t working, or other boats are too near for
comfort—you can set and weigh anchors alternately to gain ground to windward,
but it’s a lot of work and may be dangerous in a rising wind at night. So, having
recovered your main anchor, you might want to consider making a buoy or fender
fast to the kedge line, casting off, and finding a safer spot in which to anchor from
scratch. You can recover the kedge when conditions improve. If the wind is onshore
and the holding quality of the anchorage is uncertain, prudent seamanship might
even dictate your putting to sea. That’s something you should consider every time
you arrive in a new anchorage. Cautious sailors will tuck a reef or two into the
mainsail before stowing it on the boom for the night because they know that if the
anchor drags, it’s likely to be blowing a gale. And they will make a note of a bearing
that will take them safely out of the anchorage in the pitch dark. You will probably
find that if you go to this much trouble, your anchor will never drag. But do it
anyway; it’s cheap insurance. When anchor cable goes from short stay to long stay
and vice versa or it goes out of turning circle, brg and dist. changes from fixed
object, when SOG is not equal to zero. If we put an anchor from short stay to long
stay at that time, we know that anchor was plugged but we are not sure of that we
have to check the bearing of any object which is not changing or azimuth if the
anchor is dragging then it won’t change if it plugged then the bearing change so we
can be easy identified or from short stay the tension in anchor cable is increased.

Q. 20) Azimuth and Amplitude

Amplitude is d arc of rational horizon or d angle at the center of the earth between
the prime vertical n d meridian passing thru d body wen on d horizon (rising or
setting).
Azimuth is angle at d earth center contained between true north n d meridian passing
though that body.
Amplitude is the arc of the rational horizon or the angle at the observer zenith
contained between the observer prime vertical and the vertical circle passing
through the body. Azimuth is the arc on the rational horizon or the angle the
observer zenith contained between the observer celestial meridian and the vertical
circle passing through the body... Expressed in quadrantal form...e.g., E40N...

Q. 21) Difference between underway and making way?

when the vessel cut through the water and vessels is in control by helm, if engine is
just stopped and she still making wake and cut through water then she is making way
underway refer ROR when the vessel is not at anchor or made fast to shore, or
aground is underway. when the vessel using her engine that is making way ....
Q. 22) Exmeridian limits
Its minimum period of 6 mins its maximum of 71 mins

Q. 23) What is chart datum. Why do u see in chart it is mentioned that shift satellite
derived positions by certain latitude and longitude GPS positioning datum is wgs84
which considers d earth as a sphere and based on mean sea level. but local surveys
are based on some local reference datum which are different from wgs84. that shift
can be calculated and applied approximately... Chart datums are lowest astronomical
tide and mean lower low water.

Q. 24) ROR CARDS-RAM towing

Q. 25) Emergency wreck marking buoy?

Pillar or spar shape Top mark- upright X (+) Color-Alternate stripes of blue and
yellow color, minimum 4 and maximum 8. Light-Alternate flashing yellow and blue.
1s(blue)-0.5s(dark)-1s(yellow)

Q. 26) ROR CARDS-Aground vessel

Q. 27) ROR cards of fishing, aground, towing, overtaking vl, trawling, ram...

Q. 28) ROR CARDS-Sailing

Q. 29) all ROR annexes

Annex1-position and technical details of lights and shapes. annex2-addl. lights for
fishing vessel fishing in. Close proximity. annex3-technical details of sound signals
annex4-distress signal.
Q. 30) SITUATION - CROSSING, RV: target on stbd bow radar in operational,
target stbd quarter radar in operational.
He did not ask ROR cards but gave the situations...
Ascertain if risk of collision exists with the targets by continuously monitoring the
bearing. and take action accordingly

Q. 31) what is the safe speed you consider at sea, T.S.S, shallow
waters? Any speed at which we can safely navigate in that area
any speed at which we can safely navigate in that particular area. It is a speed at
which one can take proper and immediate action to avoid collision n b stopped at
a distance appropriate in prevailing circumstances and condition

Q. 32) Show fog signal of a vessel aground by banging on the table?

Q. 33) SITUATION - Overtaking with all aspects

Q. 34) can u overtake a vessel in TSS and narrow channel

Yes. But in narrow channel only if vessel to be overtaken permits and give sea
room. Yes, in narrow channel or TSS overtaking can take place only when
overtaken vessel allows a safe permit to the overtaking vessel & over taking
vessel shall make an appropriate sound signal as per rule 34(c)(i).
yes, we can, but it is possible only if the vessel to be overtaken permits. through
an appropriate sound signal.
Q. 35) Your vessel is in TSS, CBD, u see a PD vessel on your port
bow, take action maintain course and speed as per ROR rule 18(d)
Rule no:18 says clearly that it does not apply in TSS, narrow channel,
overtaking. I’ll alert him with 5 rapid and short blast and if further Risk of
collision exist, I'll take action as per Rule 2&8
reduce speed attract attention inform vts inform master CBD means her draft is
restricted by the available depth and width of the nav. water. She can’t alter the
co she is following. so, reduce speed, call the other vessel on vhf, inform master,
inform vts.

Q. 36) ROR rule no 5,6,7,8,13,18,19

Q. 37) SITUATION - crossing with all aspects

He did not ask any ROR cards. He's more about rules which applies on these
situations and parts and their meanings low and high.
Q. 38) what is the carriage requirements for a GPS receiver
SOLAS CH 5 reg 19.2.1.6 all vessels irrespective of size.
Q. 39) Gyro errors
tilt n drift
speed error, latitude error

Q. 40) Quote Rule #9, #10

Q. 41) What is Raster Charts, Vectors Charts, which is better and why
Vector charts are more advantageous than raster chart because vector chart
enables user to select many alarms, such as depth alarms, various modes such as
head up and north up, zooming facility, Add or remove the data required.
Raster charts are copy of paper charts whereas vector charts are electronic charts.
As it is in vector charts info stored in layers so u can select the regard info which v
can’t do on vector charts.

Q. 42) ECDIS principle and difference between raster and scan

Q. 43) working principle of the DGPS

Differential GPS it is fixed station whose position is known it receives its position from
the satellite and calculates the error between two positions and then it transmits the
error for that satellite Brendon and it has a fix position and it compared with 3
satellite position and compare with own position and difference will be find out, and
transmits the difference in all vessels are uhf range

Q. 44) Make a region B, preferred channel to port buoy.

Q. 45) What is the requirement regarding ECDIS in case of going 2 a region of

whose vector charts are not available?
The international standard for vector charts has been finalized by the International
Hydrographic Organization (S-57, Version 3), and IMO adopted performance
standards for ECDIS, using vector charts, in 1995 by Assembly Resolution
A.817(19). The amendments to Resolution A.817(19) state that some ECDIS
equipment may operate in Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) mode when the
relevant chart information is not available in vector mode. The amendments to the
ECDIS performance standards indicate which performance standards for vector
charts apply equally to raster charts, and add specific specifications for raster charts,
covering such aspects as display requirements, alarms and indicators, provision and
updating of chart information and route planning. The amendments state that when
used in RCDS mode, ECDIS equipment should be used together with an appropriate
folio of up-to-date paper charts. The MSC during its 70th session also agreed a
Safety of Navigation Circular on Differences between Raster Chart Display systems
(RCDS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS).
SOLAS chapter 5 reg 19 ECDIS can be used to display passage plan nautical paper
charts n publications can be replaced by a SECOND ECDIS as BACKUP ECDIS must
have Raster charts for regions not provided with vector chars Brendon and
Kamlesh.

Q. 46) AIS principle

AIS principle is to allow the automatic exchange of shipboard information from the
vessel sensor inputted, static and voyage related data between one vessel and
another and between vessel and shore stations. it is important that transmitted data
be accurate.
Q. 47) Types of EPIRB.
COSPAS/SARSAT 406/121.5 A1 A2 A3 A4. VHF
156.525(ch.70) A1 EPIRB(COSPAS/SARSAT) ELT PLB
COSPAS/SARSAT 406/121.5 A1 A2 A3 A4. (universal EPIRB) 2. VHF 156.525(ch.70)
A1 3. IMMARSAT EPIRB (l band) VHF EPIRB (ONLY AREA A1), L- BAND EBIRB (phased
out only for area A1, A2, A3), COSPAS SARSAT EPIRB (CURRENTLY USED FOR ALL
SEA AREAS)

Q. 48) how to differentiate a vessel aground from a NUC vessel?

A NUC vessel will show 2 red lights in a vertical line and while making way sidelights
and stern light. but a vessel aground will show 2 red lights and all-round white
lights at forward and aft depending on length.
NUC VESSEL WILL DISPLAY SOME SPEED ON RADAR WHERE AS VESSEL AGROUND
WILL NOT.

Q. 49) Chart symbols for tidal rips, wreck and drying heights?

Q. 50) RA on rational horizon, draw

diagram it is 360-sha, measured
easterly.

Q. 51) How do you know TRS has formed?

Swell atmospheric pressure decreasing wind increase lighting satellite image.

Q. 52) what extra precautions to be taken when at anchor watch in a flying moor?
Maintain a constant watch to prevent foul hawse. Determine foul arc and clear arc.
Vessel should always swing to clear arc on each tidal change. Use engine to give
vessel correct sheer. Keep eye on the weather. Know the times of tide change.

Q. 53) What is a tidal diamond what is its use?

Tidal diamond is a symbol used on chart which indicates by means of its reference
in a table provided on charted set n drift of current at a particular time...basically
so and so hours before high water on so and so hours after high water.
Interpolation is to be carried out to get set n drift at particular time...

Q. 54) How do you know your passage plan is complete?

Signed be Master and all officers onboard and comply with SOLAS Capter-5, and
company regulations.
Passing answer was 1) berth to berth 2) SMS chaklis complied with 3) approved by
master.

Q. 55) Transferring PL from morning to noon in

detail staggered calculation in morning you will
use long by chron or Intercept at noon u will use
late bymer alt or Ex mer al

Q. 56) what factors u take into account when planning a passage from Japan to west
coast US?
check for the availability of all the charts required. we need to cross the IDL (inter.
date line). eta to be effectively calculated.
Refer to ocean passages of the world for recommended route, check wx wrong, etc...

Q. 57) How will you take over a watch as par STCW?

*Go on chart rm 15minuts earlier. *Inspect chart :(cmg, crs strd, saturate of crnt,
ukc, any alt, tss) *Masters order bk. *Inspect compass err bk. *go to wheel house 5
minutes before and set eye to d darkness. *Inspect tachometer *inspect nav lt
*check vhf ch.16/70 *auto or had strong *familiar with radar *if is in collision cause
don’t take over watch until collision is over.

Q. 58) what will b your action in restricted visibility informs master n engine room
post look outs switch on n operate radar switch on nav lights activate sound signals
proceed at safe speed follow ROR. Also, engines ready for immediate maneuvering
1) Inform Master.
2) Inform E/R. Get engines ready for maneuvering.
3) Observe visually and make a note of all the traffic in sight,
4) switch on ARPA and commence plotting.
5)Switch on navigational lights.
6) change over to hand steering.
7) switch on the other steering motor.
8) post double lookouts, one on the bridge wing, other on forecastle.
9)try out pneumatic whistle and electric klaxon and the manual foghorn, by giving a
very short blast on each, try out automatic fog signal unit.
10) stop all noises on decks so that the fog signals of other vessels would not get
drowned in the noise.
11) keep open the outer doors of the wheel house so that the fog signals of other
ships may be heard, even if they are very faint.
12) commence sounding fog signal before entering into the fog.
13) reduce to safe speed before entering fog.
14)restrict hold ventilation.
15) record all the happenings in bridge record book.
Inform to master, stop all noisy work, switch on the navigational lights, one pro
longed blast in interval not more than 2 minutes.
Inform to master inform to engine room keep the engine ready to maneuver and in
safe speed start sounding the signal as per ROR stop all noisy work like chipping
switch on all navigation lights keep the bridge wing door open continues observation
of radar and ARPA must keep plotting the position by all available means if it
indicates the presence of any other vessel, access the situation and take the action
immediately in ample time.

Q. 59) What are the various navigational hazards u expect during a navigational
watch?
1)The state of visibility.
2)the traffic density.
3)n night the presence of background lights.
4)the state of wind, sea, and current.
5)the draft and available depth.
Q. 60) definition of SOLAS
SOLAS is and international maritime safety treaty. SOLAS convention in its
successive form is generally regarded as the most important of all international
treaties concerning the safety of merchant ship.
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an
international maritime safety treaty. The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms
is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning
the safety of merchant ships.

Q. 61) what is maneuvering speed?

The speed at which full effect of the controls (rudder n propeller)
can be achieved. it is the minimum speed at which the ship can be
maneuvered speed at which the alteration of ships course can take
place.

Q. 62) What is ECDIS, how are charts corrected on ECDIS?

ECDIS stand electronic chart display and information system. It is updated with the
help of a CD.
An ECDIS is a unified navigational information display which presents on an updated
chart background, updated route, present position and fast track, combining these as
appropriate with RADAR, ARPA and other navigational sensors in order to improve
safe navigational through the clear display of the situation in the vicinity of the ship.
chart can be corrected through a floppy disc, compact disc, even directly through the
satellite systems. The latest system of updating charts is that the manufacturer
transmits the chart updated as broadcast in coded format. Dedicated software is
fitted in the ECDIS which will receive these updates, decode them and correct the
charts.

Q. 63) Lights of dredger at anchor

Q. 64) why in the RULE 23 HIGH intensity is referred for WIG craft and where as an
intensity for Air cushion vessel? why?
WIG craft move at high speed. to distinguish from distance n Air cushioned vessel r
susceptible to wind effect its more than 22.5 degree abaft.

Q. 65) Distress signals?

Distress signal indicates that a mobile is in grave and imminent danger and requires
immediate assistance

Q. 66) What is Squat? How will u reduce effect of squat?

The Change in ships trim when being at motion or being stationary is called squat.
The Squat is mainly experienced over in shallow waters it increases with square of
the speed of the ship in order to reduce squat ship speed has to be reduced squat is
calculated by the formulae squat= V(square)/100*Cb bodily sinkage + change in trim
Squat is a bodily sinkage of a ship due to its movement through the water and is
depend on speed, ship form, and the underwater clearance. The overall decrease in
the underkeep clearance forward. and aft is called squat. TO ELIMINATE SQUAT;
reduce speed, Sufficient UKC is to be kept to avoid SQUAT.
Q. 67) What is Yaw control?
it is basically a weather control...which is adjusted by keeping higher value in heavy
weather n strong winds and smaller value in calm seas...
This control is used in auto pilot. When rough seas are encountered, vessel has a
tendency to yaw about the set course.to prevent the auto pilot from correcting this,
yaw control is used.

Q. 68) Situations regarding fire on board during watch and onboard emergencies

Q. 69) Buoyage system

Q. 70) Vertical and Horizontal positioning of masthead lights?

Q. 71) COMPASS ERROR AND HOW WILL U CHECK ERROR IF GYRO REPEATERS FAIL?

Q. 72) user clock error and how will you accompany for it?

Q. 73) What are NFU and FU modes in steering?

Q. 74) Any 10 ROR distress signals as per annex 4?

Q. 75) SITUATION - Restricted Visibility heard fog signal on forward. Action?

Determine by radar if risk of collision exist, if no reduce your speed so that u can
maintain your course and navigate with extreme caution until danger is over

Q. 76) How to calculate depth when you got zero-line adjustment error in echo
sounder?

Q. 77) Difference between EGC and ECDIS

Q. 78) vessel 4 points on your port bow not in sight and detected only by radar.
action?

Q. 79) what do u understand by T & P notices

Temporary notice is given when some information exist on chart for some short time
and preliminary notice are given when in future there will some work will take place
in future.
Both are related to notices to mariner, both are temporary warnings, and hence the
related corrections are done in pencil on the chart.
Temporary and preliminary notices:
Temporary and preliminary notices to mariner temporary notices are the information
that remains temporary usually not more than 3 months and preliminary notices are
the notices that are at their preliminary stages and can be permanent at a later
stage.... such as extension of any port, construction of any bridge etc.

Q. 80) passage plan

Appraisal planning monitoring executing.
 Q. 81) what s dead weight
Total mass of cargo, fuel, f/w, etc. that a ship can carry at the time she is floating in
SW with her summer load line at the water surface
When a ship is delivered from the yard (with machinery, appurtenances, fixtures) its
weight without stores, fuel, crew, etc. is called "Light ship". Anything weight which is
not a part of Light Ship is called deadweight. Eg Crew, fuel, stores, ballast, cargo,
lubes etc.
Deadweight tonnage (often abbreviated as DWT for deadweight tons) is the
displacement at any loaded condition minus the lightship weight. It includes the
crew, passengers, cargo, fuel, water, and stores. Like Displacement, it is often
expressed in long tons or in metric tons.

Q. 82) What is Barograph, Barogram? What does curved lines in Barogram

Indicate? What entries r to be made on barogram?
Barograph is an instrument which record the change in atm press. onboard ship. for
more detail read met book.
Barograph is aneroid barometer which measured continuous record of pressure on a
paper chart, the barograph has continuous trace on the chart called barogram. The
curved line indicate UTC are two-hour interval. after completing barogram entries
regarding late, long, dates, comparison with barometer are to be filled and it is kept
along with the weather log books.
The chart in barograph is called barogram, changes in pressure are recorded without
lapse in time.

Q. 83) lights of towing, towed, pushing and pushed vessel?

Q. 84) How will you know if steering has failed?

Q. 85) Emergency wreck buoy isolated danger mark?

Q. 86) SITUATION- crossing of Fishing Vessel Port Bow?

If roc exists...2 short blast...alter board to port.

Q. 87) You are heading North and you see an East Cardinal mark right
ahead. Action? one short blast and broad alteration to stbd...

Q. 88) Lookout and meaning of all available means?

Q. 89) what is amplitude and what is its use?

Q. 90) Mer pass in detail

Q. 91) what the procedure for correcting a chart that has not been corrected for three
years?
Take the latest correction, from there go back and find each one before it and start
correcting. Consult annual summary of admiralty notices to mariners with the help of
cumulative and annual notices of current year.
Q. 92) What is the meaning of "all available means" in rule 5 meant to you?
A functional radar, VHF, Echo sounder, AIS, Logs, GPS,
ECDIS etc. Also include Binocular

Q. 93) How do take bearings when approaching a harbor or berth?

BY A FIXED OBJECT OR A SHARP BEND LEADING LIGHTS

Q. 94) QOTE RULE NO 8, 18,19?

Q. 95) In which month sun is nearest to the earth?

Q. 96) Steering failure action?

Q. 97) Trawler vessel RV sound signal?

Q. 98) How will u make a passage plan from Mumbai to Southampton?

Q. 99) How to do Chart Correction?

Q. 100) How many teams are there for any emergency on board?
4 Teams. 1. command team 2. emergency squad 3. secondary emergency squad
4. reserve or backup.

Q. 101) what is transit bearing? what is its use?

When we observe 2 or more terrestrial prominent objects in a line it is called a
transit bearing. the transit bearing of these prominent objects are sometime joined
by a line and true bearing is mentioned on chart otherwise we can use the parallel
ruler to see their transit bearing value and compare with compass bearing taken
from vessel to obtain compass error.

Q. 102) What is phasing and cross noise?

Phasing n cross noise are part of wave propagation in GMDSS

Q. 103) when do you say a vessel is overtaking?

As per rule number 13 part (B), a vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when
coming up with other vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degree abaft her beam,
that is, in such a position with the ref. to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night
she would be able to see only the stern light of that vessel but neither of her side
lights when the vessel coming from 22.5degree abaft the beam of own vessel then it
is said to vessel overtaking
A vessel is said to be overtaking when coming up from the direction of 22.5 deg abaft
of the beam in such position with the ref. of overtaking vessel she will be able to sea
at night time only the stern light neither of her side lights.

Q. 104) Tell me a situation for which rule 2b applies?

2 pd vessel head on...one got shallow water n stbd side.

Q. 105) There is a Blackout on vessel, take actions

Don’t take any actions. Just avoid collision after 45 secs emergency gen starts.

Q. 106) Code the rule no. 1 & 38 code as per ROR

Q. 107) Controls and selecting switches in echosounder, autopilot, course recorder?
Echo sounder-range selector knob, paper speed, stylus speed, sensitivity or gain, fix
marker, change over sensor, panel brill. auto pilot-course selector, rudder control,
counter rudder, yaw, permanent helm, speed, rudder limit, off course alarm, syn
control, auto/follow up/non follow up, dimmer course recorder- on -off switch, bulb.

Q. 108) how will you fix position by V.S.A?

Q. 109) What is power failure. You are on watch for 1st time as 3rd off what all
actions will you take?

Q. 110) Fishing vessel anchored in RV sound signals?

1 prolonged blast followed by 2 short blasts...

Q. 111) Weather bulletin?

Q. 112) Do you get piracy message Navtex?

Yes, we do.

Q. 113) what is crash stop?

Q. 114) How will you eliminate the various errors of bridge equipment in detail

Q. 115) Quote Rule 19, Rule 37 and Annex 4

1> a gun or other explosive fired 2>a count sounding of fog signal 3>rockets or
shells 4> n.c. flag 5>mayday 6> SOS 7> ball, square, ball 8> flames, smoke signal,
raising lowering of arms

Q. 116) Situations: When you are entering TSS and found a vessel crossing from you
are port bow action?

If the CPA matters, and collision can’t be avoided by the give way vessel alone then i
will alter otherwise, maintain co and speed. Take the series of brg if risk of collision
does not exist the maintain co and speed if roc exist the i will give five sort and rapid
blast, check nav lights, inform master, inform engine room, put helms men and still
she is not taking an action then one short blast/co to stbd if depth available or reduce
speed

Q. 117) How will you take a sight?

Q. 118) functional test of SCBA

Q. 119) What is the UKC?

Under Keel Clearance (UKC) is the distance between the deepest point of the vessels
hull and the sea bed

Q. 120) Vertical and horizontal separation of CBD RAM for lengths <20 and >20mts in
length

Q. 121) "C" Correction?

Q. 122) NAVTEX?
Q. 123) Var 2E C Error 10W Cal deviation? Deviation and its need?

Q. 124) what is stranding?

Q. 125) Echo Sounder circuit

Q. 126) Define the terms Parallax and refraction

Q. 127) compass rose

Compass rose is nothing but the compass points.

Q. 128) What are the errors of mercury Barometer? capillarity,

capacity, pumping, parallax.

Q. 132) In oil tanker oil is leaking wat our first action?

At first notice of oil leak, we have to shout, use saw dust, drip trays to prevent leak
to enter in to sea, and then find the solution from the leak is, and take the action.

Q. 129) oil discharge criteria in oil tanker both from cargo and machinery area

Q. 130) What do you mean by Squat?

The squat effect is the hydrodynamic phenomenon by which a vessel moving quickly
through shallow water creates an area of lowered pressure that causes the ship to
be closer to the seabed than would otherwise be expected. This phenomenon is
caused when water that should normally flow under the hull encounters resistance
due to the close proximity of the hull to the seabed. This causes the water to move
faster, creating a low-pressure area with lowered water level surface

Q. 131) Contents of Annual admiralty notices to Mariners?

Q. 132) Transverse Thrust?

Q.133) You are exactly 22.5 degrees abaft of another vessel. Action?
When you are overtaking a vessel, take actions according to rule 13. Rule 13 says,
when coming up more than 22.5 deg abaft beam…

Q. 134) Type of position reporting system?

Q. 135) Night signal card of aground vessel more than 50m in length

Q. 136) principles of watchkeeping in detail from STCW?

Q. 137) read all the gross tonnage of the last ship

Q. 138) distress and urgency

Urgency signal indicates that a very urgent message follows concerning the safety
of mobile or the safety of a person.
Q. 139) What is Phasing and ranging with reference to Echo
1 Phasing: Phasing is a method used in echo sounder to determine depth of the sea
bottom. In this method the speed of the stylus is kept constant and the range scale
is changed from 0-100 meters, 100-200 meters, 200-300 meters and so on. It is
important that the echo sounder range changed and regularly checked. Ranging:
Ranging is technique where the scale of the echo sounder is kept constant and the
stylus is varied according to the depth scale chose. E.g.- 0-100, 0-200, 0-300
meters and so on
PHASING: phasing is a method in echo sounder to determine the depth of water
where the speed of stylus changed but scale is constant

Q. 140) what is the Visible Horizon?

It bounds the visibility of the observer at sea. Bounding the observer field of vision at
sea

Q. 141) What is the meaning of compare compasses?

Onboard vr comparing the gyro comp with magnetic compass, by which v get co
error which v can apply to magnetic hdg when gyro fails, that is why vr comparing
compasses for every 4 hours so you can get error and by knowing the variation, you
could get deviation of magnetic compass!

Q. 142) quote rule 19

Q. 143) horizontal sector of light. How far they extend in forward and abaft beam
direction?

Q. 144) Contents of cumulative admiralty notices to Mariners?

Q. 145) Power failure in Restricted Visibility. What action?

Q. 146) Limitations on ECDIS?

Also... failure to update charts hardware failure software failure datum shift Imp.
alarms not set... over reliance on ECDIS Input from various equipment like gyro
GPS etc. not proper…
1. can be affected by viruses.
2. ENCs does not have worldwide coverage.
3. sudden power failure may hamper navigation in serious stage.
4. if any interface fails it will provide wrong information.

Q. 147) what is AUSREP? From which place you send this report?
Ausrep stands for Australian ship reporting system. The system requires the master
to send a sailing plan (SP) to the Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) on leaving an
Australian port or entering the AUSREP zone and to nominate a time at which a
position will be transmitted each day during the voyage. Any significant departure
from the sailing plan must be advised.

Q. 148) NUC vessel day signal card

Q. 149) Is there any such formulae regarding intensity of lights ...do you know in
which annex would you find it?
I=3.43*10^6*T*D^2*K^-D GIVEN IN ANNEX 1

Q. 150) Difference between GPS & DGPS

The GPS is more accurate in position fixing than GPS

Q. 151) passage planning on charts, what do u mark on them?

Q. 152) How to calculate compass error in restricted visibility?

Variation from chart and deviation from deviation card.... this can only be used as
reference to navigate...

Q. 153) Fog signal for vessel aground, if more than 100 mts in length
Three separate and distinct strokes ring the bell rapidly for about 5seconds in fore
part of the vessel and three separate and distinct strokes and gong shall be sounded
rapidly for about 5second in the after part of the vessel and three separate and
distinct strokes.

Q. 154) How do take a sight?

Using instruments like sextant. With some simple navigational calculations...

Q. 155) situation- RV two vessels observing on radar alone, one finds other on the
port quarter. take action on both the vessels!

Q. 156) A crew on board gets heart attack (action as medical officer on board)
If conscious, then give Saline to reduce BP as first aid and then commence wed
emergency evacuation. If not possible, then take RADIO medical advance and do
accordingly. If unconscious, then check ABC and give CPS as soon as possible. Also,
prepare to evacuate him necessarily. Also, keep Taking RADIO medical advice in
tandem.

Q. 157) what does a submarine do when in distress?

Submarines are fitted with submarine indicating buoys fore and aft in distress these
buoys are released which indicates the position of the submarinethe length of the line
is 1000 mts.

Q. 158) How will you correct nautical almanac and 5011 chart abbreviation and
symbols?

Q. 159) GYRO failure your actions?

Q. 160) Leading Lights?

This is a type of light signal used basically in narrow channels and followed by vessel
to keep herself on a track so as to avoid grounding...basically it is very helpful in
coastal navigation...

Q. 161) IAMSAR search pattern? Diagram of sector search

Q. 162) Region A stbd hand lateral mark 3 points on your port
bow. Action? alter course to port and keep the mark on your
starboard side

Q. 163) communication -all flags

Q. 164) What is WIG craft, what is Surface effect action

Principle A wing generates lift, in part, due to the difference in air pressure
gradients on the wing surfaces: both upper and lower. During normal flight, the
upper wing surface experiences reduced static air pressure and the lower surface
comparatively higher static pressure. In normal flight, these air pressure differences
also accelerate the mass of air downwards balancing momentum.
However kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity so designers aim
to minimize the accelerated air velocities to reduce wasted energy in both the
downward mass acceleration and wingtip vortices. Flying close to a surface increases
air pressure on the lower wing surface (the ram or cushion effect) and decreases air
acceleration so the ground effect improves the aircraft lift to drag ratios in two ways.
Momentum is still balanced because the air pressure beneath the wing is pressing on
the underlying surface—the water or flat land.

Q. 165) What are the differences between Raster and Vector charts?
Raster chart is the photo copy of the paper chart, vector chart is electronic form of
chart

Q. 166) what do you understand by precession of equinoxes?

It is westward movement of first point of arise and libra due to sun moon
gravitational pull on

Q. 167) Servicing of life raft (duration)

Q. 168) what will you do on seeing a SONO buoy?

Q. 169) What are hydrographic notes?

Q. 170) What is Long by Chron?

It is one of d method for obtaining fix by using celestial objects. Long by chron
basically provides observed long of d fix which is PL for the fix obtained...

Q. 171) storm signals

Q. 172) He has cards for signal flags and he asks them always and also day signal
cards

Q. 173) SART requirement. What does SART give?

12 blips on the x band radar.it is a transponder vessel of more than 300GRT should
carry SART should work continuously for 8 hours and in stand by mode for 96 hours.
Vessel of >300 but < 500GRT should have one SART. Vessel >500GRT: 2 SARTs.
Q. 174) latest amendments to COLREGS?
Amendment Table for COLREG 72(Res.A.1004(25)) Before 1 December 2009 ANNEX
IV DISTRESS SIGNALS 1. The following signals, used or exhibited either together or
separately, indicate distress and need of assistance: (d) a signal made by
radiotelegraphy or by any other signaling method consisting of the group (SOS) in
the Morse Code; (l) the radiotelegraph alarm signal; (m) the radiotelephone alarm
signal; On or after 1 December 2009 ANNEX IV DISTRESS SIGNALS 1. The following
signals, used or exhibited either together or separately, indicate distress and need of
assistance: (d) a signal made by any signaling method consisting of the group ... --
..........................(SOS) in the Morse Code; (l) a distress alert by means of digital
selective calling (DSC) transmitted on: (1) VHF channel 70, or (2) MF/HF on the
frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5
kHz; (m) a ship-to-shore distress alert transmitted by the ship's Inmarsat or other
mobile satellite service provider ship earth station

Q. 175) Buoys and Flags

Q. 176) Are the tide curve graph for all port same or different.? which volume
has different? volume 1 graph is different for each port.

Q. 177) Cargo hold in an oil tanker

Q. 178) principle of AIS and time scheme?

Q. 179) How many sections are there in Weekly Notices to Mariners?

Q. 180) What are tidal streams and admiralty Co-Atlases?

Q. 181) How will you use magnetic compass if GYRO fails?

Q. 182) what is wheel over position?

Q. 183) Which instrument is used to measure sea water temperature?

I answered marine bucket, then he asked further if I know how does it look. I said
no, so he said so you just read it in Subramaniam’s book. I said yes and then he
moved on.

Q. 184) SITUATION - You have a vessel 5 points on your starboard quarter.

Restricted visibility and radar not working. Action; section II is applicable in this
situation. If radar is not working how you come to know there is a vessel 5 points of
your stbd. So, you are seeing this vessel visually, so Section II of ROR applies.
Inform master, stop your vessel, by reducing her speed or taking all her way off,
post extra lookouts, open bridgewing doors, increase the freq of sound signals.
Inform master go more port and keep the vessel clear if necessary slow down or
take all way off and let the vessel overtake and then resume the alter course to
port justification-when you alter port, and you are forward of its beam, it will not
alter to port for the vessel on the port side. Hence you will be clear.

Q. 185) IALA buoyage system

Q. 186) R.O.R cards

Q. 187) what is TRS?

Tropical Revolving Storms which form in Tropical regions. Northern hemisphere it
moves towards north and vice versa in Southern hemisphere.

Q. 188) how to calculate tides of primary and secondary port, write the procedure?

Q. 189) Tracing pendent and browsing tackle

Tracing pendant is to secure boat when all the other lashings are removed to restrict
swinging of boat. Browsing in tackle is a kind of 3-fold purchase made of manila rope
to secure the boat along the embarkation deck to restrict swinging while lowering.

Q. 190) what is JANUS Configuration?

Q. 191) Contents of Weekly Notices to mariners?

Q. 192) DSC frequencies?

Q. 193) controls of autopilot?

Q. 194) What is course recorder? How does it look?

Q. 195) Action when Man overboard.

Two prolong blast shout Man Overboard through Life Buoy with smoke signal. Inform
the Master and keep a proper look out. Take an immediate action to avoid the
propeller to run over the men on water commence William turn circle. It’s three
prolonged blasts. MOB marker on GPS must also be activated. Shout man over board,
immediately inform the Master, give three long blast, hoist flag o. Throw the mob
orange life buoy, keep proper look out on him, mark the position, avoid the man
getting into propeller, slow down the v/take a Williamson turn, to rescue him, or
launch a rescue boat, and rescue

Q. 196) ROR situation and explain by rule

Q. 197) AIS coastal requirement?

Ship engaged in coastal voyage above 500grt need to have AIS equipment fitted on
board.

Q. 198) Explain Sight Calculation?

Q. 199) What are the errors of sextant?

INDEX ERROR OF PERPENDICULARITY COLLIMINATION ERROR SIDE ERROR
In addition, there are some non-adjustable errors graduation error, shade error,
optical error, prismatic error, telescopic error.

Sextant Errors are of 2 Types: 1) Adjustable error, 2) Non-Adjustable errors

1) Adjustable errors:
a) error of perpendicularity.
b) Index error.
c)Side error.
d)Error of colimitation
2)Non adjustable
Errors:
a) Graduation Error.
b) Shade Error.
c) Optical Error.
d) Convex Error...

Q. 200) how many volumes of tide tables are there? name all?

Q. 201) duties as 2nd officer during boat drill

Q. 202) how will you measure viability at night without radar or any other source
nearby?

Q. 203) In narrow channel why will you sound 1 prolonged blast if intervening
obstruction exists? to indicate d presence of your vessel to other vessel which is
not visible because of obstruction or bend of channel.

Q. 204) What is barometric tendency?

Change of pressure in last 3 three hours calculated by using d moving needle

Q. 205) How will you check ship is seaworthy?

Q. 206) You are NUC vessel, RAM vessel approaching and risk of collision exit, your
action?
As NUC and RAM are considered hampered vessel, since both are at risk of collision,
both vessels should reduce their speed, stop and reverse its propulsion, but it may be
relaxed to RAM due to their displacement.

Q. 207) compasses compared and courses checked, error verified. How do you verify
compass error?
When you compare the compasses, you read the magnetic compass heading so you
check in deviation card what is the deviation for that heading and the variation to be
taken from chart so this is what is meant by "error verified."

Q. 208) Principle of Sextant, Echo sounder, Doppler log, G.P.S?

Q. 209) What are errors of echo sounder

Velocity error draft, error cross noise transmission, error multiple echo false echo.
Velocity of propagation in water, stylus speed error, Pythagoras error, multiple echoes,
thermal and density layers, zero-line adjustment error, cross noise, Aeration.
Q. 210) what do you understand by GHA, SHA and first point of arise.
GHA-it is angle at celestial pole continued between celestial meridian passing through
Greenwich and observer measured westerly. SHA-it is westerly angle at celestial pole
measured between first point of arias and observer. first point of arise-when ecliptic
cross equinoctial from south to north it intersects equinoctial call first point of arise.

Q. 211) Responsibility between fishing vessel, sailing vessel, P.D vessel, RAM, NUC
and CBD

Q. 212) how will you calculate search area?

Q. 213) Own Power-Driven V/L. You see RAM Dredger 5nm ahead state your actions?

Q. 214) Squat and its factors?

Q. 215) Pyro techniques on bridge?

12 rocket parachute flares.

Q. 216) How is turning circle helpful to you?

It provides d maneuvering characteristics of d vessel in prevailing circumstances n
condition...and helps OOW in taking timely action to avoid collision and stranding.

Q. 217) RV vessel at stbd quarter ROC exist action? He placed another vessel to port
action?

Q. 218) You hear aground vessel fog signal forward of your beam in Restricted
Visibility, you are heading towards it what will be your imm.
1- Follow your reciprocal course.
2- Check your charts and inform Master switch on echosounder, see draft of a
grounded vessel from AIS
One short blast alert co. To stbd, reverse co. And inform Master since the vessel is
maneuvering in restricted visibility we could take all way off and access the situation,
then take action accordingly. Any avoiding action must be taken in ample time,
maintain your engine at safe speed, in circumstances of case admit as per the head
on situation, give one short blast alter the course to starboard side, that is safe pass
on the port side of other vessel. Inform to Master regarding risk of collision, as rule
no 19 E. says reduce its speed to minimum at which it can be kept on her course or
stop and reverse propulsion because the area, we are entering is 1. shallow water 2.
Putting at us in risk of collision or we may aground.

Q. 219) What do mean By Drop Anchor by Foot

Drop an anchor underfoot: letting am anchor go to the bottom, then holding onto the
brake. This is sometimes don’t to steady the ships head and prevent its form yawing
about when lying to a single anchor.
Q. 220) what are all the additional precautions you will take into account for
determining the safe speed of your vessel with operational RADAR all as per rule
number 6 safe speed part b…
(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment.
(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use.
(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of
interference.
(iv) the possibility that small.
Vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate
range.
(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar.
(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is
used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
Every vessel: This point may have special significance with respect to vessels
constrained by their draught (CBD) or restricted in their ability to maneuver (RAM),
which may not be justified in maintaining a high speed when other vessels are in
close proximity, because of their limited maneuverability. Safe Speed: This is
intended to be a used in a relative sense. If a ship is involved in a collision, it does
not necessarily follow that she was going too fast. In clear visibility, collisions can
generally be attributed to a bad lookout or to wrong decisions and actions
subsequent to detection, rather than to a high speed. At all times: A relatively high
speed might be accepted as being initially safe for a vessel using radar in Restricted
Visibility in open waters, provided prompt action is taken to bring the speed down,
when radar information shows this to be necessary. Remember, as OOW, the engines
are at your disposal and you do not necessarily need to call the Master first.
However, timely warning to the ER should be given whenever possible. In order to
maintain a safe speed “at all times”, a continuous appraisal of changes in
circumstances and conditions should be made and any necessary alteration of speed
must be instantly put into effect. Proper and Effective Action: A vessel may be
unable to take proper and effective action due to the speed being too high, or in
some circumstances, too low. There are some acronyms, which may help you to
remember the order and important words of both paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
Rule. These are better discussed in class or on-board ship, rather than printed!

Q. 221) Flag NC ....

Distress signal flag annex iv

Q. 222) what are tidal streams and what are ebb and flood tide?

Q. 223) Lights and Shapes of RAM, dredger?

Q. 224) Drift Angle?

The horizontal angle between the axis of a ship and the tangent to its path.

Q. 225) What will happen if bottom plate of a fully filled DB tank is holed?

Q. 226) Course Recorder?

Q. 227) 5 miles you saw R-W-R it in a vertical line. Identify vessel ROC exist action.
It’s a RAM vessel. Identify weather the ship is at anchor or underway, making way
and then pass at least 2 nm from her, and call Master and inform him...
Q. 228) Magnetic compass correctors, five co efficient of magnetism in detail
No Comment for this MMD / MCA Oral Question 1 Surveyor asked

Q. 229) How will you display 22.2 in flag signaling method? you have only one 2 flags
with substitutes and pendant?
Hoist 2 (numerical) flag then 1st substitute then answering pendent then 2nd
substitute...

Q. 230) A vessel of 100m length, which ran aground in RV, you have 2 go forward
for the ringing of bell, what will you do? how to start?
This will be 3short rings followed by content ringing of the bell for 5 sec and then
again 3 short rings followed by a gong in the aft part of the vessel.
What does that mean? You have to go forward for ringing the bell. A little bit unclear…
please explain...
In this case the bell was supposed to be operated manually by a person, from the
location.

Q. 231) How will you determine NOON position?

Q. 232) what is G.D.O.P?

Geometric dilution of precision.

Q. 133) You Power Driven V/L in TSS overtaking another Power-Driven V/L shoal
patch what precautions will you take?

Q. 234) Tactical Diameter?

Q. 235) What is bilging?

Q. 236) Action seeing a rocket parachute on 3 points to stbd?

Log down...Inform Master ...Notify nearest coast station… Prepare engine for
maneuvering… Plot position… Check any notices or warning issued, radio watch on
VHF and MF/HF…Consider extra lookout crew to prepare for rescue. Rescue party
notified …Prepare hospital. Once confirmed and advised by CRS proceed for rescue
and follow their order!!

Q. 237) SITUATION - In RV, vessel is right ahead 3 miles, what is your

action & what signals will call alert to stbd more than 30 degree, large
alteration so it will be easily apparent to that vessel One short blast will be
given only when vessel is in sight of one another we know about the vessel
is on 3 miles only by radar, we have to wait for the vessel come in range of
2 miles and try to listen he their fog signal, if confirmed ,inform master and
then give one short blast n alter the course to stbd
its RV man ...no maneuvering signal.
If detected by radar, we will try to hear fog signal of other vessel as the range of fog
signal is 1.5 -2 miles. as per rule 19 d we take avoiding action which consists wide
alteration of course two stbd.
Q. 238) Own v/l PD target vessel-PD crossing from port side range-8miles action and
by which rule quote

Q. 239) what is RULE no.4?

Rule number 4 is applications, which states that all the rules contained in the section
1 of part b of colregs apply to all the vessels in any condition of visibility,,,,, RULE 4
Application. Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility. Or, to put it
another way, the minute you go out on any water covered by the Regulations, Rules
5-10 apply regardless.

Q. 240) FISHING VESSEL LIGHT?

All round light. Upper is red and lower white in vertical line if making way side light
and astern light and out laying extending more than 150 m in horizontal direction all-
round white light toward the gear
Asked.

Q. 241) what is Pythagoras error and why it is most dangerous?

Q. 242) How to overtake in narrow channel, TSS and RV?

Q. 243) Flags November and Charlie. What they stand for and draw them.

Q. 244) SITUATION - Right ahead Vessel aground action?

Q. 245) Card no 52? How it differs from anchor light of a vessel?

It is a partly submerged vessel ... may be a partly submerged tow. A RACON for
example, it is not an anchored vessel because the lights are in a same line ...it should
have been like card no. 8 one higher than the above.

Q. 246) Vertical positioning of lights ROR

Annex 1.1.

Q. 247) What is OSC with reference to IAMSAR Manual? What are the duties
of OSC? what is MRCC, MCC? Check IAMSAR VOL. 3.
OSC - On scene Coordinator MRCC - Maritime Rescue Coordination Center. MCC -
Mission coordination center LUT - Local User Terminal about duties of OSC refer
IAMSAR vol3.

Q. 248) How many types of MSI notices are there.