CIRCULATION

- we experience a space in relation to where we’ve been and where we are going.
-”space between the spaces”
-refers to the movement of people within a building or space
-accounts for 10%-20% of floor areas

CURCULATION ELEMENTS:
1. APPROACH
-the distant view
-the first phase of circulation system
-may vary in duration from few paces through a compressed space to a lengthy and
circutious route
-frontal, oblique and spiral:
-frontal: leads directly to the entrance of bldg. along straight/axial path.
-oblique: enhances the effect of perspective on the front facade
-spiral: prolongs the sequence of the approach and emphasizes the 3D form of a building

2. ENTRANCE
-from outside to inside
-entering a building or a room involves the act of penetrating a vertical plane
-may be a passage though an implied plane
-where greater visual and spacial continuity bet. Two spaces is desired, even a change in
level can establish a threshold and mark the passage from one place to another.
-an entrance is accomodated by an opening in the plane of the wall
-real or impiled plane perpendicular to the path of the approach
-flush, projected, recessed:
-flush: maintains the continuity of the surface of a wall
-projected: forms a transitional space
Porhces, porticos, and marquees project from the main mass of a building
-recessed: to provide shelter and receives a portion of exterior space
-location can be centered w/ the frontal plane of a building, or be placed off-center to create
a condition of local symmetry
-making the opening lower, wider or narrower than anticipated

3. CONFIGURATION OF PATH
-sequence of spaces
-pedestrians have more freedom than bikes and cars in changing pace and direction
-wheeled vehicles requires a path to be smooth, the width of the path can be tailored tightly
-pedestrians require a greater colume of space than their bodily dimensions
-intersection or crossing of paths is always a point of decision-making for the person
-continuity and scale of each path help distinguish between major routes to major spaces
and secondary paths to secondary spaces
-influences and is influenced by the organizational pattern of spaces it links
-may reinforce a spatial organization by paralleling its pattern
-may contrast with the form of the spatial organization and serve as a visual counterpoint
-linear, radial, spiral. Grid, network. , composite:
-linear: can be the primary organizinf element of series of spaces.
can be curvilinear o segmented, intersect, branch out, forma loop
-radial: has linear paths extending from central or common point
-spiral: single, continuous path that originates from a central point, revolves around it
-grid: consists of two sets of parallel paths that intersects at a regular intervals and create
square or rectangular fields of space
-network: consists of paths that connect extablish points in space
-composite: combination of the preceding patterns
-centers of activity

4. PATH-SPACE RELATIONSHIPS
-edges, nodes, and termination of paths
-pass by spaces, pass through spaces, terminate in a space:
-pass by spaces: path is central and the spaces are designed on either side of it.
-pass through spaces: path physically passes through and experiences each space before
heading to next one.
-terminate in space: purpose pf the path is to reach a particular spaces, where it ends.

5. FORM OF THE CIRCULATION SPACE

-corridors, halls galleries, stairways and rooms
-space for movement from an integral part of any building organization
-should accommodate the movement of people as they promenade, pause,r est or take ina
view along a path
-enclosed, open on one side, open on both sides:
-enclosed: path as vertical planes such as walls, doows, windows on both sides of the path
-open on one side: path contains an open sapce on one side such as balcony or gallery
-open on both sides: path is not blocked by any vertical planar element on either side
-width and height of a circulation space should be proportionate to the type and amount of
movement it must handle
-to accommodate traffic, a path can be widended
-path can also be enlarged by merging with the spaces it passes through
-with a large space, path can be random w/o form or definition
-determined by activities and arrangement of furnishings within the space

MODES OF CIRCULATION
1. HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
-refers to movement on a single level or floor
-includes corridors, hallways, walkways, passages, catwalks and skywalks

2. VERTICAL CIRCULATION
-involves move,ent between different levels or floors within a building
-includes stairs, elevators, escalators, ladders, ramps
-stair and stairways:
-provides vertical movement between the levels of a building
-slope is determined by the dimensions of its riser/treads
-should be wide enough
-stairways width provides a visual clue to the public or private nature or stairway
-could be:
-straight-run
-l-shaped
-u-shaped
-circular
-spiral
3. MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS
-refers to the use of mechanical systems or electrical devices
-to streamline movement, increase efficiency, reduce human efforts, and improve overall
user experience
-escalators, moving walkways, lifts

TYPES OF CIRCULATION
1. PEDESTRIAN
-ensure that pedestrians are separated from vehicular traffic. Includes sidewalks, crosswalks,
pedestrian islands, and reduge areas at intersections
-implement traffic calming measure. Reduce speed limits, raised crossings and traffic signals
-design streetscapes to ptioritize pedestrian comfort and safety
-include place making elements such as public squares, plazas and pedestrian zones
-streestcapes with storefronts, outdoor seating and cultural amenities

2. BYCICLE
-design paths and lanes to minimzie interactions with motorcycles
-consider gradients, widths, and suface conditions to accommodate all types of bikes
-design bike routes that connects key destinations
-implement clear signage and wayfinding measures to help navigate networks easily

3. VEHICULAR
-roadways must be designed with appropriate sughtlines, clear signages
-design roadways that can accommodate volume of traffic while maintaining smooth traffic
flow
-types of circulations:
-stroads
-road diet
-traffic calming
-complete street

A complete street has:

-active sidewalks
-dedicated bike lanes
-active roadways
-safe crosswalks
-planting strips
-green spaces