CH 05

CHAPTER 5
Capacitance and
Inductance
Section 5.1 Solutions
5.1.1 An uncharged 8 0-μFcapacitor is charged by a constant current of 2 mA. Find the voltage across
the capacitor after 5 s.
Solution:
T
  1 ⋅     i(t) dt
V c(t) = _ 
C 0
5
1   ⋅     2m dt
Vc  (t) =   _
80 μ 0 
Vc  (t) =   _
1    ⋅ [2m ⋅ (5 − 0)]
80 μ

Vc  (t) = 125 V
Vc  = 125 V

5.1.2 A capacitor has an accumulated charge of 600 μCwith 10 V across it. What is the value of
capacitance?
Solution:
Q
C =  _ 

Vc 
600 μ
C =  _  
10
C = 60 μF
5.1.3 A
25-µF capacitor initially charged to –10 V is charged by a constant current of 2.5 µA. Find the
voltage across the capacitor after 2 12 min.
Solution:
t
  1   i(t) dt + v(0)

v  (t) = _ 
C
0
150
1       2.5µ dt − 10
v  (t) =   _

25 μ 
0
2.5 µ
v  (t) = _  [150] − 10 = 5V

25 μ
249
c05SolutionsToProblems.indd 249 01-Feb-22 7:57:18 PM

250 C HA PTER 5 Capacitance and Inductance
(t) = 12  sin  2 377t J. Find the current in the

5.1.4 The energy that is stored in a 2 5-μFcapacitor is w
capacitor.
Solution:
  1  ⋅ C ⋅ Vc  2  (t)

w c(t) = __
2
(12 sin  2 377t) ⋅ 2
Vc  2  (t) =   _______________
    
25 μ
Vc  (t) = ± 979.8 sin 377t

dV  (t)
ic  (t) = C ⋅ _____
  c  
dt
ic  (t) = (25 μ) ⋅ [±(377) ⋅ 979.8 cos 377t]

ic  (t) = ± 9.23 cos 377t A

5.1.5 The current in a 1 00-μFcapacitor is shown in Fig. P5.1.5. Determine the waveform for the voltage
across the capacitor if it is initially uncharged.
i(t) (mA)
10
0 1 2 t (ms)
FIGURE P5.1.5
Solution:
V c(t) = _   1 ⋅   ic  (t) dt+ Vo  

C
0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms:
i c = 10 mA,
  1   ⋅   10m dt
Vc  = _

100 μ
  10m   ⋅ t
Vc  = _

100 μ

Vc  = 100t V
t > 2 ms:
i c = 0 A,
  1   ⋅   0 dt + 100 (2m)
Vc  = _

100 μ

Vc  = 0.2 V
{ 0.2 V, t > 2 ms
100t V, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms
Vc  (t) =           

5.1.6 The waveform for the current in a 5 0-μFinitially uncharged capacitor is shown in Fig. 5.1.6.
Determine the waveform for the capacitor’s voltage.
i(t) (mA)
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 t (ms)
−10
FIGURE P5.1.6

Solutions to Problems 251
Solution:
  1 ⋅   ic  (t) dt + Vo 

V c(t) = _ 
C
V c(0) = 0 V
  1     10m dt + Vo 

for ic  (t) = 10 mA: V c(t) = _ 
50 μ
  10m  t + Vo 
Vc  (t) = _

50 μ

Vc  (t) = 200t + Vo  V
  1     −10m dt + Vo 

for ic  (t) = −10 mA: V c(t) = _ 
50 μ
10m  t + V 
Vc  (t) = − _

50 μ o

Vc  (t) = −200t + Vo  V
  1     −10m dt + Vo 

for ic  (t) = −10 mA: V c(t) = _ 
50 μ
10m  t + V 
Vc  (t) = − _

50 μ o
Vc  (t) = −200t + Vo  V

⎪
⎧ 200t V, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
−200t + 4 V, 10 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms
⎪
200t − 4 V, 20 ms ≤ t ≤ 30 ms
Vc  (t) = ⎨
   
   
               
−200t + 8 V, 30 ms ≤ t ≤ 40 ms
200t − 8 V, 40 ms ≤ t ≤ 50 ms
⎩ 0 V, t > 50 ms
5.1.7 The waveform for the current flowing through the 10-μFcapacitor in Fig. P5.1.7a is shown in
Fig. P5.1.7b. If υ c(t = 0) = 1 V,determine υc(t) at t = 1ms, 3 ms, 4 ms, and 5 ms.
i(t) υc(t) 10 μF
(a)
i(t) (mA)
15
3 5
t (ms)
1 2 4 6
−10
(b)
FIGURE P5.1.7

Solution:
  1 ⋅   ic  (t) dt + V
V c(t) = _ o  
C
V c(0) = 1 V = Vo 
1m
  1       15m dt + 1
t = 1 ms: V c(1 ms) = _ 
10 μ 0
  15m (1m) + 1
Vc  (1 ms) = _

10 μ

Vc  (1 ms) = 2.5 V
3m
  1  
t = 3 ms: V c(3 ms) = _ 1m   15m dt + 2.5
10 μ
  15m  ⋅ (3m − 1m) + 2.5

Vc  (3 ms) = _

10 μ

Vc  (3 ms) = 5.5 V
4m
t = 4 ms:   1  
Vc  (4 ms) = _ 3m   −10m dt + 5.5
10 μ
10m (4m − 3m) + 5.5
Vc  (4 ms) = − _

10 μ

Vc  (4 ms) = 4.5 V
5m
t = 5 ms:   1  
Vc  (5 ms) = _ 4m   −10m dt + 4.5
10 μ
10m  (5m − 4m) + 4.5
Vc  (5 ms) = − _

10 μ

Vc  (5 ms) = 3.5 V
5.1.8 The waveform for the current in a 2 6-μFcapacitor is shown in Fig. P5.1.8. Determine the waveform
for the capacitor voltage.
i(t) (mA)
13
0 10 20 30 40 t (ms)
FIGURE P5.1.8
Solution:
  1   ⋅   ic  (t) dt + Vo 

V c(t) = __ 
C
0 s ≤ t ≤ 40 ms:   13 ⋅ t mA,
ic  = _
40m
t
1   ⋅     0.325 + dt
Vc  =  _

26 μ 0 
V c = _ t  2 
  0.325  ⋅  _
26 μ 2
Vc  = 6250 t  2 V

t > 40 ms: ic  = 0 A,
  1   ⋅   0 dt + 6250 (40m)  2

V c = _ 
26 μ

Vc  = 10 V
{
6250 · t2V, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 40 ms

Vc (t) =           
10 V, t > 40 ms

5.1.9 The voltage across a 2-μFcapacitor is given by the waveform in Fig. P5.1.9. Compute the current
waveform.
υ(t) (V)
2 3 6
t (ms)
−12
FIGURE P5.1.9
Solution:
dV (t)
i c(t) = C ⋅_
  c
dt
12 ⋅ t V,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms: V c = − _
2m

ic  = 2 μ ⋅ [−6000]
ic  = −12 mA

2 ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms: V c = −12 V, i c = 0 A
  12 ⋅ t V,
3 ms ≤ t ≤ 6 ms: V c = _
3m

ic  = 2 μ ⋅ [4000]
ic  = 8 mA

t > 6 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A

⎧ −12 mA,
⎪          0 A,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms
2 ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms
i c (t) = ⎨
⎪
    
      
      8 mA, 3 ms ≤ t ≤ 6 ms
⎩           0 A, t > 6 ms
5.1.10 The voltage across a 10-μFcapacitor is shown in Fig. P5.1.10. Determine the waveform for the
current in the capacitor.
υ(t) V
0
t (ms)
4 8 12 16
FIGURE P5.1.10
Solution:
dV  (t)
i c(t) = C ⋅ _
  c
dt
  2 ⋅ t V,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 4 ms: V c = _
4m

ic  = 10 μ ⋅ [500]

ic  = 5 mA
4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms: V c = 2 V, i c = 0 A

  4 ⋅ t V,
8 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms: V c = _
4m

ic  = 10 μ ⋅ [1000]
ic  = 10 mA

12 ms ≤ t ≤ 16 ms: V c = − _6 ⋅ t V,

4m

ic  = 10 μ ⋅ [−1500]
ic  = −15 mA

t > 16 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A
⎪ 0 A, 4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms
⎧ 5 mA, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 4 ms
⎪
i  (t) = ⎨
     
  
10   
     8 ms ≤ t ≤ 
mA,  c
12 ms
−15 mA, 12 ms ≤ t ≤ 16 ms
⎩ 0 A, t > 16 ms
5.1.11 The voltage across a 5 0-μFcapacitor is shown in Fig. P5.1.11. Determine the current waveform.
υ(t) (V)
10
8 10 12
0
2 4 6 t (ms)
−10
FIGURE P5.1.11
Solution:
dV  (t)
i c(t) = C ⋅ _
  c
dt
  10 ⋅ t V,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms: V c = _
2m

ic  = 50 μ ⋅ [5000]
ic  = 0.25 A

2 ms ≤ t ≤ 4 ms: V c = 10 V, i c = 0 A
20 ⋅ t V,
4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms: V c = − _
4m

ic  = 50 μ [−5000 ] = −0.25 A
8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: V c = −10 V, i c = 0 A
  10 ⋅ t V,
10 ms ≤ t ≤ 12 ms: V c = _
2m

ic  = 50 μ ⋅ [5000]
ic  = 0.25 A

t > 12 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A
⎪
⎧ 0.25 A, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms
0 A, 2 ms ≤ t ≤ 4 ms
⎪
−0.25 A, 4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms
i c(t) = ⎨
     
     
  
      
0 A, 8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
0.25 A, 10 ms ≤ t ≤ 12 ms
⎩ 0 A, t > 12 ms

5.1.12 If the voltage waveform across a 100-μFcapacitor is shown in Fig. P5.1.12, determine the wave-
form for the current.
υ(t) ( V )
10
5 10 15 20 t (ms)
FIGURE P5.1.12
Solution:
dV  (t)
i c(t) = C ⋅ _
  c
dt
  10 ⋅ t V,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 5 ms: V c = _
5m

ic  = 100 μ ⋅ [2000]
ic  = 0.2 A

5 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: V c = − _5 ⋅ t V,

5m

ic  = 100 μ ⋅ [−1000]
ic  = −0.1 A

10 ms ≤ t ≤ 15 ms: V c = 5 V, i c = 0 A
15 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms: V c = − _5 ⋅ t V,

5m

ic  = 100 μ ⋅ [−1000]
ic  = −0.1 A

t > 20 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A
⎪ −0.1 A, 5 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
⎧ 0.2 A, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 5 ms
⎪ −0.1 A, 15 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms
i  (t) = ⎨ A,   10 ms ≤ t 
     
  
  
0   ≤ 15 ms
c
⎩ 0 A, t > 20 ms
5.1.13 Draw the waveform for the current in a 2 4-μFcapacitor when the capacitor voltage is as described
in Fig. P5.1.13.
υ(t) (V)
6
100 160
0 60 t (μs)
−4
FIGURE P5.1.13

Solution:
dV  (t)
ic  (t) = C ⋅ _____
  c  
dt
  6   t V,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 60 μs: V c = ____
60 μ
i c = 24 μ ⋅ [1 × 10  5]

i c = 2.4 A

  − 10  ⋅ t V,
60 μs ≤ t ≤ 100 μs: V c = ____
40 μ
i c = 24 μ ⋅ [ − 2.5 × 10  5]
i c = −6 A

100 μs ≤ t ≤ 160 μs   4   ⋅ t V,
Vc  = ____
60 μ
i c = 24 μ ⋅ [66,667]

i c = 1.6 A

t > 160 μs: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A

⎧2.4 A, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 60 μs
⎪−6 A,
60 μs ≤ t ≤ 100 μs
i c(t) = ⎨
⎪
   
        
1.6 A, 100 μs ≤ t ≤ 160 μs
⎩ 0 A, t > 160 μs
ic(t) (A)
2.4
1.6
60 100
0 t (ms)
160
–6
5.1.14 D
raw the waveform for the current in a 60-µF capacitor when the voltage across the capacitor as
shown in Fig. P5.1.14.
υ(t) ( )
t( )
FIGURE P5.1.14

Solution:

5.1.15 D
raw the waveform for the current in a 3-µF capacitor when the voltage across the capacitor is as
given in Fig. P5.1.15.
υ(t)( )
t( )
–
FIGURE P5.1.15
Solution:
C = 12 μF and i = C dυ
dt
Times(ms) dυ (V/μs) i(t) (A)
dt
0£t £2 2 6
2£t £4 –1 –3
4£t £7 0 0
7£t £9 – 1.5 – 4.5
9 £ t £ 10 1 3
t > 10 0 0
5.1.16 The voltage across a 2-F capacitor is given by the waveform in Fig. P5.1.16. Find the waveform for
the current in the capacitor.
υC(t) (V)
+12
0 10 20 30 40 50 t (s)
−12
FIGURE 5.1.16

Solution:
dV  (t)
i c(t) = C ⋅ _
  c
dt
0 s ≤ t ≤ 20 s:   12  ⋅ t V,
Vc  = _
20

ic  = 2 ⋅ [0.6]

ic  = 1.2 A
24  ⋅ t V,
20 s ≤ t ≤ 30 s: V c = − _
10

ic  = 2 ⋅ [−2.4]

ic  = −4.8 A
  12  ⋅ t V,
30 s ≤ t ≤ 50 s: V c = _
20

ic  = 2 ⋅ [0.6]

ic  = 1.2 A
t > 50 s: V c = 0 V, ic  = 0 A
⎧ 1.2 A, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 20 s
20 s ≤ t ≤ 30 s ⎪ −4.8 A,
i c(t) = ⎨
⎪
    
        
1.2 A, 30 s ≤ t ≤ 50 s
⎩ 0 A, t > 50 s
5.1.17 The voltage across a 1 0-μFcapacitor is given by the waveform in Fig. P5.1.17. Plot the waveform
for the capacitor current.
υ(t) (V)
12
5 10
t (ms)
−12
FIGURE P5.1.17
Solution:
dV  (t)
ic  (t) = C ⋅ _
  c
dt
V c(t) = 12 ⋅ sin (wt) V, w = 2 πf, f = _   1 = _
  1   = 100 Hz
T (10m)
w = 200 π rad/s
d(12 sin wt)
i c(t) = (10 μ) ⋅ ___________
 
dt
ic  (t) = (10 μ) ⋅(12 ⋅ w ⋅ cos wt)
ic  (t) = 75.4 cos(200 π ⋅ t) mA

ic(t) (mA)
75.4
0 5 10 t (ms)
–75.4


5.2.1 The voltage across a 4-H inductor is given by the waveform shown in Fig. P5.2.1. Find the wave-
form for the current in the inductor υ (t) = 0, t < 0.
υ(t) (mV)
2.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 t (ms)
FIGURE P5.2.1
Solution:
  1 ⋅   VL  (t) dt+ Io 

i L(t) = _ 
L
t < 0 s: V L = 0 V, i L = 0 A
  1    2.4, dt + Io 

for VL  (t) = 2.4 mV: i L(t) = _ 
4
  2.4m
iL  (t) = _   t + I o 
4
⎪
iL  (t) = 600 μt + Io  A
⎧ 0 A, t < 0 s
600t μA, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
⎪
6 μA, 10 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms
i L(t) = ⎨ 600t
     
    6  
μA,  20 ms ≤ t 
−   
      ≤ 30 ms
12 μA, 30 ms ≤ t ≤ 40 ms
600t − 12 μA, 40 ns ≤ t ≤ 50 ms
⎩ 18 μA, t > 50 ms
5.2.2 T
he voltage across a 4-H inductor is given by the waveform shown in Fig. P5.2.2. Find the
waveform for the current in the inductor.
υ(t) ( )
t (s)
FIGURE P5.2.2

Solution:
ER 6 Capacitance and Inductance
ABP 6.2.5 The current in an inductor changed from 0 to 200 mA in 4 ms and induces a voltage of
100 mV. What is the value of the inductor?
Solution:
diL(t) Δi
VL(t) = L ⋅ _____ = L ⋅ ___
dt Δt
(4m)
Δt = (100m) ⋅ ______
L = VL ⋅ ___
Δt (200m)
L = 2 mH
ABP 6.2.6 The current in a 100-mH inductor is i(t) = 2 sin 377t A. Find (a) the voltage across the induc-
tor and (b) the expression for the energy stored in the element.
Solution:
diL(t)
a. VL(t) = L ⋅ _____
dt
d(2 sin377t)
VL(t) = (100m) ⋅ ___________
dt
VL(t) = (100m) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 377 ⋅ cos 377t)
VL(t) = 75.4 ⋅ cos(377t) V
1 ⋅ L ⋅ i 2(t)
b. wL(t) = __
2 L
1 ⋅ (100m) ⋅ (2 sin 377t) 2

wL(t) = __
2
wL(t) = 0.2 ⋅ sin 2(377t) J
ABP 6.2.7
5.2.3 The voltage
The voltage acrossacross a 10-mH
a 10-mH inductor
inductor is shown
is shown in P5.2.3.
in Fig. Fig. ABP6.2.7. Determine
Determine the waveform
the waveform for
for the in-
the inductor
ductor current.
current.
υ(t) ( mV )
10
0 1 2 t (ms)
FIGURE
FIGUREABP6.2.7
P5.2.3
Solution:
1 υ (t) dt + I
iL(t) = __
L L  o
0 s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms: 10m t V,
VL = ____
1m
1
iL = ____ 10m ⋅ t dt + I
____
10m 1m  o
2
10 ⋅ __
iL = ____ t +0
10m 2
Solution:
  1     υ L(t) dt + I o 

iL  (t) = __ 
L
  10m  t V,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms: V L = ____
1m
10m ⋅ t dt + I  
  1      ____
iL  = ____

10m 1m o 
2
  10   ⋅ __
iL  = ____
  t    + 0
10m 2
iL  = 500t  2 mA

10m  t V,
1 ms ≤ t ≤ 2 ms: V L = − _____
1m
i L = ____
  10m t dt + I o 
  1     −_____ 
10m 1m
2
10   ⋅ __
i L = − ____
  t    + 1m
10m 2
i L = (−500t  2 + 1) mA

t > 2 ms: V L = 0 V, i L = 0 A

⎧ 500 ⋅ t  2  mA, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms

⎪
i L(t) = ⎨
(−500
   
    
t  2 + 1) mA,  1 ms ≤ t 
≤ 2 ms
⎪
⎩ 0 A, t > 2 ms
5.2.4 The current in a 40-mH inductor is specified as follows:

i(t) = 0 t < 0
i(t) = 3t e  −4t A t > 0

Find (a) the voltage across the inductor, (b) the time at which the current is a maximum, and (c) the
time at which the voltage is a minimum.
Solution:
di  (t)
a. V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
d(3t e  −4t)
VL  (t) = (40m) ⋅ _  
dt
VL  (t) = −0.48t e  −4t + 0.12 e  −4t V, t > 0

{ −0.48t e  −4t + 0.12 e  −4t V, t > 0 s

0 V, t<0s

VL  (t) =       
di  (t)
b. i L(t) = max when _
  L = 0
dt
diL  (t)
 _ = 3 e   −4t − 12t e  −4t = 0
dt
3 e  −4t = 12t e  −4t
t = 0.25 s
d V  (t)
c. V L(t) = min when _
  L = 0
dt
dVL  (t)
 _ = 1.92t e   −4t − 0.36 e  −4t = 0
dt
VL  (t) = min when t → ∞

5.2.5 The current in a 25-mH inductor is given by the expressions

i(t) = 0 t < 0
i(t) = 10(1 − e   −t) mA t > 0

Find (a) the voltage across the inductor and (b) the expression for the energy stored in it.
Solution:
di  (t)
a. V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
d(10 − 10 e  −t) m
VL  (t) = (25m) ⋅ ____________
  
 
dt
VL  (t) = 0.25 e   −t mV, t > 0

{0.25 e  −t  mV, t > 0 s

0 V, t<0s

VL  (t) =   
     
  1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2(t)

b. w L(t) = _
2
  1 (25m) [(10 − 10 e  −t)m]  2
w L(t) = _

2
w L(t) = 1.25(1 − e   −t)  2 μJ, t > 0

0 J, t<0s
{ 1.25(1 − e   −t)  2  μJ, t > 0 s

w L(t) =        
5.2.6 Given the data in the previous problem, find the voltage across the inductor and the energy stored
in it after 1 s.
Solution:
V L(t) = 0.25 e   −t mV, t>0s

VL  (1) = 0.25 e   −1 mV

VL  (1) = 91.97 μV

w L(t) = 1.25(1 − e   −t )2 μJ, t>0s

w L(1) = 1.25(1 − e  −1)2 μJ

w L(1) = 0.5 μJ

5.2.7 If the current i(t) = 2.5tA flows through a 4-H inductor, find the energy stored at t = 1 s.
Solution:
w L(t) = _   1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2(t)

2
w L(1) =   1  ⋅ (4) ⋅ (2.5.1)  2
_
2
w L(1) = 12.5 J

5.2.8 The current in a 20-mH inductor is shown in Fig. P5.2.8. Derive the waveform for the inductor voltage.
i(t) (mA)
120
60
t (ms)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
FIGURE P5.2.8

Solution:
di  (t)
V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
0 s ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: i L = _  120 t A,

10m
VL  = 20m ⋅ [12]
VL  = 0.24 V
10 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms: i L = 120 mA, V L = 0 V

60m t A,
20 ms ≤ t ≤ 30 ms: i L = −  _
10m
VL  = 20m ⋅ [−6]
VL  = −0.12 V
30 ms ≤ t ≤ 40 ms: i L = 60 mA, V L = 0 V
40 ms ≤ t ≤ 50 ms: i L = _  60m t A,

10m
VL  = 20m [6]
VL  = 0.12 V
50 ms ≤ t ≤ 60 ms: iL  = 120 mA, V L = 0 V
60 ms ≤ t ≤ 70 ms: i L = − _120m t A,

10m
VL  = 20m ⋅ [−12]
VL  = −0.24 V
⎪
t > 70 ms: iL  = 0 A, VL  = 0 V
⎧ 0.24 V, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
0 V, 10 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms
⎪
−0.12 V, 20 ms ≤ t ≤ 30 ms
0 V, 30 ms ≤ t ≤ 40 ms
V L(t) = ⎨
   
        
      
0.12 V, 40 ms ≤ t ≤ 50 ms
0 V, 50 ms ≤ t ≤ 60 ms
−0.24 V, 60 ms ≤ t ≤ 70 ms
⎩ 0 V, t > 70 ms
5.2.9 I f the current in a 50-mH inductor is given by the waveform in Fig. P5.2.9, compute the waveform
for the inductor voltage.
i(t) (N")
t (NT)

FIGURE P5.2.9

Solution:

5.2.10 The waveform for the current in the 2-H inductor shown in Fig. P5.2.10a is given in Fig. P5.2.10b.
Determine the following quantities: (a) the energy stored in the inductor at t = 1.5 ms,(b) the energy stored
in the inductor at t = 7.5 ms,(c) υL(t) at t = 1.5 ms,(d) υL(t) at t = 6.25 ms,and (e) υL(t) at t = 2.75 ms.
+
i(t) υL(t) 2H
−
(a)
i(t) (mA)
30
7.5
4 5
t (ms)
1 2 3 6 7 8
−10
(b)
FIGURE P5.2.10
Solution:
  1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2(t)

a. w L(t) = _
2
  1 (2) ⋅ (30m)  2
w L(1.5m) = _

2
w L(1.5m) = 0.9 mJ

  1 (2) ⋅ (7.5m)  2
b. w L(7.5m) = _
2
w L(7.5m) = 56.25 μJ
di  (t)
c. V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
d(30m)
VL  (1.5m) = (2) ⋅ _  
dt
VL  (1.5m) = 0 V

d. i L(t) = m ⋅ t + B
  −10m − 7.5m = 8.75 at t = 7 ms:
m = ___________
  
5m − 7m
B = (7.5m) − (8.75m ⋅ 7m) = −53.75m

iL  (t) = 8.75t − 0.05375 A, for the interval of interest
di  (t)
VL  (t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt

VL  (6.25m) = (2) ⋅ [8.75]

VL  (6.25m) = 17.5 V
−10m − 30m = −20

e. m =  ___________
  
4m − 2m
at t = 2 ms:
B = (30m) − (−20 ⋅ 2m) = 0.07

iL  (t) = −20t + 0.07 A, for the interval of interest

di  (t)
VL  (t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt

VL  (2.75m) = (2) ⋅ [−20]

VL  (2.75m) = −40 V
5.2.11 The current in a 10-mH inductor is shown in Fig. P5.2.11. Determine the waveform for the voltage
across the inductor.
i(t) (mA)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t (ms)
−12
FIGURE P5.2.11
Solution:
di  (t)
V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
0 s ≤ t ≤ 4 ms: 12m t A,
iL  = − _
4m

VL  = 10m ⋅ [−3]

VL  = −30 mV
4 ms ≤ t ≤ 6 ms:   12m t A,
iL  = _
2m

VL  = 10m ⋅ [6]
VL  = 60 mV

t > 6 ms: iL  = 0 A, VL  = 0 V
⎧ −30 mV, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 4 ms
⎪
V L(t) = ⎨
  60
         4 ms ≤ t 
mV, 
≤ 6 ms
⎪
⎩ 0 V, t > 6 ms
5.2.12 Draw the waveform for the voltage across a 24-mH inductor when the inductor current is given by
the waveform shown in Fig. P5.2.12.
i(t) (A)
8
4
0.6 0.9
0.3 1.1 t (s)
−2
FIGURE P5.2.12
Solution:
di  (t)
V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
  4   t A,
0 s ≤ t ≤ 0.3 s: i L = _
0.3
L  = 24m ⋅ [13.33]
V
V
L  = 0.32 V
0.3 s ≤ t ≤ 0.6 s: i L  = − _6   t A,

0.3
V
L  = 24m ⋅ [−20]
V
L  = −0.48 V

–7.5
268 C HA PTER 5 Capacitance and Inductance 1 ⋅ L ⋅ i 2(t)

a. wL(t) = __
2 L
iL(1.7m) i =
0.6 s ≤ t ≤ 0.9 s: 5m (1.7m)
−____ A, VL  =+0 15m
V = 6.5 mA
L = −2
1m
0.9 s ≤ t ≤ 1.1 s: wL(1.7m)iL  =   10   t A,μJ

=10.563
_
0.2
b. iL(4.2m)V= L
10m
____
  = 24m (4.2m) ⋅ [50]− 30m = − 9 mA
2m
VL  = 1.2 V
wL(4.2m) = 20.25 μJ
t > 1.1 s: iL  = 8 A, VL  = 0 V
c. PL = VL ⋅ IL
⎪
V (1.2m) = −⎧2.50.32
L V V, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 0.3 s
5m−0.48 V, 0.3 s ≤ t ≤ 0.6 s
IL(1.2m) = −____ (1.2m) + 15m = 9 mA
P (1.2m) = −⎪22.5mW
V L(t) = ⎨
1m
  
       V,         0.6 s ≤ t 
0   ≤ 0.9 s
L 1.2 V, 0.9 s ≤ t ≤ 1.1 s
⎩ 0 V, t > 1.1 s
VL(2.8m) = 0 V
(2.8m)
ILVL(t)(V)= 5 mA
1.2= 0 W
PL(2.8m)
VL(5.3m)
0.32= 2.5 V 0.3 0.6
IL(5.3m) 10m
____
–0.48= 2m (5.3m) − 30m0.9
= − 3.51.1
mA t (s)
PL(5.3m) = − 8.75 mW
ABP 6.2.15
5.2.13 The current
The current in a 4-mH
in a 4-mH inductor
inductor is given
is given bywaveform
by the the waveform in Fig.
in Fig. ABP6.2.15.
P5.2.13. Plot thePlot the voltage
voltage across
across
the the inductor.
inductor.
i(t) (mA)
0.12
0.5 1.0 t (ms)
320 C HA PTER 6 Capacitance and Inductance FIGURE

FIGUREABP6.2.15
P5.2.13
Solution:
di  (t)
d (t)
υ  (t) = L ⋅ _____
υL(t)   L  
dt
ii L(t)   1   =
(t) = − 0.12 sin (wt) mA, w = 2πf, f = __ = _____ 11  ,, ff =
  _____ = 11 kHz
kHz
T (1 (1 ms)
ms)
w = 2000π
d (−0.12m ⋅ sin wt)
(t) = (4m) ⋅ _________________
υL  (t)
  
   
dt
υL  (t)
(t) =
= (4m) ⋅ (−0.12m ⋅ w ⋅ cos wt)
υL L(t)
(t) =
= −3.02 mV
−3.02 cos (2000 π ⋅ t) mV
VL(t) (mV)
3.02
t (ms)
0.5 1
–3.02
ABP 6.2.16 If υc(t = 2 s) = 10 V in the circuit in Fig. ABP6.2.16, find the energy stored in the capacitor
and the power supplied by the source at t = 6 s.
υc(t)
c05SolutionsToProblems.indd 268 + − 01-Feb-22 7:57:30 PM
5.2.14 The current in a 50-mH inductor is given in Fig. P5.2.14. Sketch the inductor voltage.
i(t) (mA)
100
4
0 2 6 8 10 t (ms)
−100
FIGURE P5.2.14
Solution:
di  (t)
V L(t) = L ⋅ _
  L
dt
0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms: iL  = 0 A, VL  = 0 V
2 ms ≤ t ≤ 4 ms: 100m t A,
iL  = − _
2m
VL  = 50m ⋅ [−50]
VL  = −2.5 V
  200m t A,
4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms: i L = _
4m
VL  = 50m ⋅ [50]
VL  = 2.5 V
8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms:   −100 t A,
iL  = _
2m

VL  = 50m [−50]

VL  = −2.5 V
t > 10 ms: i L = 0 A,

VL  = 0 V
⎪−2.5 V,
⎧ 0 V, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms
2 ms ≤ t ≤ 4 ms
⎪−2.5 V,
V L(t) = ⎨
  
    
    
2.5
V,     4 ms ≤ t ≤ 
8 ms
8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
⎩ 0 V, t > 10 ms
VL (t)(V)
2.5
2 4 8 10
6 t (ms)
–2.5
5.2.15 Find the value of C if the energy stored in the capacitor in Fig. P5.2.15 equals the energy stored
in the inductor.
C
100 Ω
250 Ω
12 V + 0.1 H
–
FIGURE P5.2.15

Solution:
dV 
ic  = C ⋅ _
  c , V c = constant → ic  = 0 A
dt
di 
VL  = L ⋅ _
  L , i L = constant → V
L  = 0 V
dt
Therefore:
1 Vc 2 R2
R1 100Ω
Vs 250 Ω
1 iL
12 V 2
Vs 
i L = _
    = 34.29 mA
R1  + R2 

Vc  = iL  ⋅ R1  = 8.57 V
  1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2

w L = _

2
  1  ⋅ C ⋅ Vc  2 

w c = _

2

w L = w c
∴ C = 1.60 μF
5.2.16 Given the network in Fig. P5.2.16, find the power dissipated in the 3 -Ωresistor and the energy
stored in the capacitor.
2H 3Ω 3H
4Ω
12 V + 6Ω 6A
−
2F
FIGURE P5.2.16
Solution:
dV 
i c = C ⋅ _
  c , V c = constant → ic  = 0 A
dt
di 
VL  = L ⋅ _
  L , i L = constant → VL  = 0 V
dt
Therefore:
iL R2 iL
1 3Ω
Vs 1 Is
2 Vc R3 6Ω
12V 6A
Vc  = 12 V V′ = R V
3  ⋅ Is = 36 V
R2 R3
3Ω 6Ω
Vs 1 1 V'
12 V 2 2 36 V
Vs 1 Is
2 Vc R3 6Ω
12V 6A

Vc = 12 V V′ = R3 ⋅ Is = 36 V
R2 R3
3Ω 6Ω
Vs 1 1 V'
12 V 2 2 36 V
5.2.17 Find the energy stored in both the inductor and the capacitor shown in Fig. P5.2.17.
Ω Ω
+
–
FIGURE P5.2.17
Solution:
Solutions to Assessment Bank Problems 321
ABP
5.2.186.2.17
If theIftotal
the energy
total energy
storedstored
in theincircuit
the circuit inP5.2.18
in Fig. Fig. ABP6.2.17
is 80 mJ,iswhat
80 mJ, what
is the is the
value of value
L? of L?
1A 200 Ω 80 μF 50 Ω
FIGURE
FIGUREABP6.2.17
P5.2.18
Solution:
Solution:
___ddV Vcc  , V = constant → i = 0 A

i icc ==C C ⋅⋅ ___   dt   , Vcc  = constant → icc  = 0 A
dt
ddiiLL 
___
= LL ⋅⋅ ___
VVLL  =   dt  ,, iiLL  =
= constant →V
constant → LL  =
V = 00 V
V
dt
Therefore:
iL
+
Is
R1 200 Ω Vc R2 50 Ω
1A
−
Req = R1 ǁ R2 = 40 Ω
c05SolutionsToProblems.indd 271 Vc = Is ⋅ Req = 40 V 01-Feb-22 7:57:33 PM
Solution:
dV
ic = C ⋅ ___c , Vc = constant → ic = 0 A
dt
diL
___
VL = L ⋅ , iL = constant → VL = 0 V
272 C HA PTER 5 Capacitance and Inductance dt
Therefore:
Therefore:
iL
+
Is
R1 200 Ω Vc R2 50 Ω
1A
−
RReqeq==RR1  1ǁǁRR2  2==40

40ΩΩ
Vc = Is ⋅ Req = 40 V
Vc  = Is  ⋅ Req = 40 V
w =1__ 1 ⋅ C ⋅ V 2 = 64 mJ
wc  c= __
  2  ⋅ C ⋅ Vc  2 c = 64 mJ
2
I ⋅R
i = _______ I  s⋅ R  1 = 0.8 A
iL  L = _______
  Rs1 + 1R 2= 0.8 A
R1  + R2 
wL =__ 1 ⋅ L ⋅ i 2, w = w − w
__
wL  =   12  ⋅ L ⋅ iL  L  2, w LL = w Tot
Tot
− w c c
2
∴ L = 50 mH
∴ L = 50 mH

ABP 6.3.1 Find the equivalent capacitance and the initial voltage of the network in Fig. ABP6.3.1.
6V
5.3.1 Find the total capacitance CT in the network 3V
+ − in Fig.
+ P5.3.1.
− All capacitors are in microfarads.
+ 31 1 8
F F −
2 3
1 7V
Ceq V F
5
4 5 +
CT − 8
FIGURE ABP6.3.1
4
FIGURE P5.3.1
Solution:
C1 C5
3µ 8µ
C2 4µ C 3 5µ
CT C6 8µ
C4 4µ
C 2,3 = C2  + C3  = 9 μ

C  ⋅ C 
C2  −4 = _
  23 4   = 36/13 μ
C23
  + C4 
C  ⋅ C 
  = _
C5,6   5 6   = 4 μ
C5  + C6 

C2−6
  = C2  −4 + C5  , 6 = 98/13 μ
C   ⋅ C 
CT  = _
  1 2−6   = 2.146 μF
C1 + C2  −6

5.3.2 Find the total capacitance C 

Tin the network in Fig. P5.3.2. All capacitors are in microfarads.
6 4
12
CT 3 4
6 8
3
FIGURE P5.3.2
Solution:
C1 C6
6 4
C2 12 C7
CT C5 3 C8 4
8
C3 6
C4
C 7−8 = C7  + C8  = 12 μ

C  ⋅ C 
C6  −8 = _
  6 7−8   = 3 μ
C6  + C7  −8

C5−8
  = C5  + C6−8
  = 6 μ
C  ⋅ C 
C2  −3 = _
  2 3   = 4 μ
C2  + C3 
C  ⋅ C 
  = _
C4−8   5−8 4   = 2 μ
C5  −8 + C4 

C2−8
  = C2−3
  + C4−8
  = 6 μ
C  ⋅ C 
CT  = _
  1 2−8   = 3 μF
C1  + C2  −8
5.3.3 Find the total capacitance CT in the network in Fig. P5.3.3. All capacitors are in microfarads.
3 3
3 6
CT
4 3
9
FIGURE P5.3.3
Solution:
C1
3m
C2 3m C3 3m
CT C5 6m
C4 4m
C6 9m C7 3m

C 6,7 = C6  + C7  = 12 μ

C6  ,7 ⋅ C5 
  = _
C5−7     = 4 μ
C6,7
  + C5 

C4−7
  = C4  + C5−7
  = 8 μ
C2  ,3 = C2  + C3  = 6 μ

C2  ,3 ⋅ C4−7
 
  = _
C2−7     = 3.43 μ
C2,3
  + C4−7  
C  ⋅ C 
CT  = _
  1 2−7   = 1.6 μF
C1  + C2−7
 
5.3.4 Determine the inductance at terminals A-B in the network in Fig. P5.3.4.
FIGURE P5.3.4
Solution:

5.3.5 Find the total inductance, LT, in the network in Fig. P5.3.5. All inductors are in millihenrys.
2 4
3 18 5
LT
12 6
FIGURE P5.3.5
Solution:
L1 L2
2m 4m
L3 3m 18m L 5m
5
L4
LT
L6 12m L7 6m
L8
1m
L 2,5 = L2  + L5  = 9m
 _   1   + _
1   = _   1   + _
  1  
L3  −5 L3  L4  L2  ,5
L3  −5 = 2m

L6  −7 = L6  ∥ L7  = 4m

LT  = L1  + L3  −5 + L6  −7 + L8 

LT  = 9 mH

5.3.6 If the total inductance, LT, of the network in Fig. P5.3.6 is 6 μH, find the value of L.
2 μH 8 μH
1 μH 4 μH
L
LT = 4 μH
4 μH
3 μH 18 μH 9 μH
FIGURE P5.3.6

Solution:
L4 L5
2μ 8μ
L1 1μ
L3 4μ
L
LT = 6 mH L6 4μ
L7 18μ L8 9μ
L2 3μ
L 5−6 = L5  + L6  = 12 μ

L7  −8 = L7  ∥ L 8 = 6 μ

L5  −8 = L5−6
  ∥ L 7−8 = 4 μ
LT  = L1  + ( [L4  + ( L∥ L 5−8)] ∥ L 3) + L2 

L = 4 μH
5.3.7 Find the total capacitance CT of the network in Fig. P5.3.7.

2 μF
CT
12 μF
3 μF
4 μF 6 μF
FIGURE P5.3.7
Solution:
C1
2m
CT
C2 12 m C4 3m
C3 C5
4m 6m
C  ⋅ C 
C 2−3 = _
  2 3   = 3 μ
C2  + C3 

C2−4
  = C2  −3 + C4  = 6 μ
C  ⋅ C 
C2  −5 = _
  2−4 5   = 3 μ
C2  −4 + C5 

CT  = C1  + C2  −5 = 5 μF

4 μF CT 12 μF
1 μF
2 μF 3 μF
FIGURE P5.3.8
Solution:
C1 4m CT C2 12m
C3
1m
C4 2m C5 3m
C 4−5 = C4  + C5  = 5 μ

C3  −5 = C4−5
  + C3  = 6 μ
C  1 ⋅ C   3 −5
C1  , 3−5 = _
= 2.4 μ
C  1 + C  3−5
CT  = C1,
  3−5 + C2  = 14.4 μF
5.3.9 Find the value of C in Fig. P5.3.9.

12 μF
10 μF 2 μF
CT = 4 μF 3 μF
FIGURE P5.3.9
Solution:
C1
12m
C2 10m C3 2m
CT 5 4 mF C4 3m

C 2−3 = C2  + C3  = 12 μ
C1  ⋅ (_ )
[ ]
C  ⋅ C
  2−3 + C4 
C2  −3 + C
C T = _______________
   
   
( C2−3
  + C )
C2−3
  ⋅ C
C  +  _ + C  1 4
CT  = 4 μF

μ μ μ μ
μ CT μ
FIGURE P5.3.10
Solution:

EERR 66 Capacitance
Capacitance and
and Inductance
Inductance Solutions to Problems 279
ABP
ABP 6.3.18
5.3.11 In theIn
6.3.18 the
the network
Innetwork network in
in Fig.
in Fig. Fig. ABP6.3.18,
ABP6.3.18,
P5.3.11, find the
the capacitance
find capacitance
find the CT C
capacitance ifif (a)
ifCTT (a) thethe
(a) switch
switchisis
theswitch open
open and
isopen and
and
(b) the
(b) the
(b) switch
the switch is
switch is closed.
is closed.
closed.
66 μF
12 μF
12 μF μF
66 μF
μF
CCT
T 66 μF
μF
33 μF
μF 12 μF
12 μF
FIGURE
FIGUREABP6.3.18
FIGURE ABP6.3.18
P5.3.11
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
a.a.
a. CC1
1
CC2 6μ
6μ
2
6μ
6μ 12μ
12μ
CC3
CCT 3
T CC4
4
CC5
6μ
6μ 5
3μ
3μ CC6
6
12μ
12μ
_______CC1  1 ⋅⋅ CC6  6

CC1,6
C  ,6 =
=   C _______   == 44 μμ
11,6
C1  1 + ++CC6  66
CC2,4 = _______ CC2 22 ⋅⋅ CC4 44 = 4 μ

_______
,4 =
2  2,4 =   C +   ==44μμ
C2 22 + +CC4  44
CC3 3 ⋅⋅⋅ C
C C5
_______ 3 C5  5   =
C
CC3,5 = _______
=
,5 =
3  3,5   C _______
CC3 33 + +
=2μ
CC5  5 =22μμ
+C 5
CCTT  T =
C
CC 1,6 +
= C + CC  2,4 +
+ CC  3,5
= ,6 +C
11,6 22,4,4 +C 33,5,5
C
CC  =
T = 10
= 10 μF
10 μFμF TT
b.
b.
b. CC1
1
CC2 6μ
6μ
2
6μ
6μ 12μ
12μ
CC3
CCT 3
T CC4
4
CC5
6μ
6μ 5
3μ
3μ CC6
6
12μ
12μ
C  ⋅ C 
C 1,6 = _______
  1 6   = 4 μ
C1  + C6 
C2  −3 = C2  + C3  = 18 μ

C4  −5 = C4  + C5  = 9 μ


C  ⋅ C 
  = __________
C2−5   2−3 4−5   = 6 μ
C2−3  + C4−5
 
CT  = C1,6
  + C2−5
 
CT  = 10 μF

5.3.12 Find LT in the network in Fig. P5.3.12 (a) with the switch open and (b) with the switch closed. All
inductors are 12 mH.
LT
FIGURE P5.3.12
Solution:
a. L1
L 7−8 = L8  + L7  = 24m
L6  −8 = L6  ∥ L 7−8 = 8m

L3
L2 L4 L2  −3 = L2  ∥ L 3 = 6m

L2  −8 = ( L2  −3 + L5  ) ∥ (L4  ∥ L 6−8)

LT L2  −8 = 9.474m

LT  = L1  + L2  −8

L6
L5 L7 LT  = 21.474 mH

L8
All L’s are 12 mH
b. L1 L 7−8 = L7  + L8  = 24m

L6  −8 = L6  ∥ L 7−8 = 8m
L3 L5  −8 = L5  ∥ L 6−8 = 4.8m
L2 L4
L2  −4 = L2  ∥ L 3 ∥ L 4 = 4m
LT  = L1  + L2  −4 + L5  −8

LT
LT  = 20.8 mH

L6
L5 L7
L8

5.3.13 Compute the equivalent inductance of the network in Fig. P5.3.13 if all inductors are 4 mH.
Leq
FIGURE P5.3.13
Solution:
L1 L2
L3
Leq L4
L5 L6
All L’s are 4 mH
L 5−6 = L5  ∥ L6 = 2m

L3  −4 = L3  ∥ L 4 = 2m

L1  ,3−4 = L1  + L3−4
  = 6m
L1  −4 = L1,3−4
  ∥ L 2 = 2.4m
Leq = L1−4
  + L5−6
 
Leq = 4.4 mH
LT
3
6
4 18
FIGURE P5.3.14

Solution:
LT
L1
8m
L3 3m
6m
L2 4m L6 18m
L5
L4 9m
L7
9m
L 3−4 = L3  + L4  = 12m

L2  −4 = L2  ∥ L 3−4 = 3m

L2  −5 = L2−4
  ∥ L 5 = 2m
L6  −7 = L6  ∥ L 7 = 6m

L2  −7 = L2−5
  + L6−7
  = 8m
LT  = L1  ∥ L 2−7

LT  = 4 mH

5.3.15 Find LT in the circuit in Fig. P5.3.15. All inductors are 12 μ

H.
LT
FIGURE P5.3.15
Solution:
L1
L3 L4
L2 L5
L6
LT L7
L8
All L’s are 12 μH
L 2−3,6 = L2  ∥ L 3 ∥ L 6 = 4 μ

L4  −5,7 = L4  ∥ L 5 ∥ L 7 = 4 μ

L1  ,8 = L7  ∥ L 8 = 6 μ

LT  = L2−3,6
  + L1,8
  + L4−5,7
 
LT  = 14 μH


ABP 6.3.24 Given the network shown in Fig. ABP6.3.24, find (a) the equivalent inductance at terminals
A–B with terminals C–D short circuited, and (b) the equivalent inductance at terminals C–D with termi-
nals A–B open circuited.
20 mH
A C
5 mH 12 mH
Leq 6 1
12 4 2
B D
6 mH
LT
FIGURE ABP6.3.24
1 3
Solution:
2
a. 20m
A FIGURE LP5.3.16 C
1
L2 L3
5m 12m
Solution: LAB
6m 1m
L4
B L4 L6 D
6m
12m L1 4m =L2L ∥ L = 4m
L 2m L7
1−2 1 2
L3−4 = L3 ∥ L4 = 4m
LAB = L1−2 + LL3−4
T = 8 mH
b. 1m L3 3m L8
20m
A L1 C
2m
L2 L3
5m 12m L5
LCD
L 1−2L = L1  ∥ L 2 = 3m

4

B L1  −3 = L1  −2 + L3  = 4m D
6m
L1  −5 = L1  −3 + L4  + L5  = 12m

L = L1 + L2 = 25m
L6  −81−2
= L6  + L7  + L8  = 6m
L3−4 = L3 + L4 = 18m
LT  = L1  −5 ∥ L 6−8
LCD = L1−2 ∥ L3−4
LT  = 4 mH
LCD = 10.465 mH
ABP Find
5.3.17 6.3.25theFind
totalthe total inductance
inductance at the terminals
at the terminals of the network
of the network in Fig. ABP6.3.25.
in Fig. P5.3.17.
12 mH 12 mH
6 mH
LT
4 mH 2 mH
FIGURE P5.3.17
FIGURE ABP6.3.25

284 C HA PTER 5 Capacitance and Inductance Solutions to Assessment Bank P
Solution:
Solution:
L1 12m L2 12m
L3
6m
L4 4m LT L5 2m
L L11 ∥∥00 =
= 00 ((LL1  1 ∥∥Short)
Short)
LL2  2−3
= L ∥ L = 4m
−3 = L2  2 ∥ L 33 = 4m
LL2  2−3,5
= L  2−3 ++LL5  5 ==6m
−3,5 = L2−3
6m
= LL  4 ∥∥L L2−3,5

LLT  T = 4 2−3,5
L = 2.4
L  = 2.4 mH
T mH
T
ABP 6.3.26 Determine the equivalent capacitance of the network in Fig. ABP6.3.26 at the terminals A–B.
5.3.18 Find CT in the network in Fig. P5.3.18.

3 μF
A 12 μF
2 μF
34 μF
μF
Ceq 2 μF
3 μF 3 μF
12 μF 2 μF
CT
4 μF
B
FIGURE ABP6.3.26
6 μF
Solution:
FIGURE P5.3.18
Parallel: 2 μF + 4 μF = C1 = 6 μF
Solution:
C1 ⋅ 12 μF
_________
Series: = C2 = 4 μF
C1 + 12C3μF
Parallel: C2 + 2 μF = C3 = 6 μF
12μ
C3 ⋅ 3 μF
________
Series: = C = 2 μF
C3 + 3 μFC 4 3μ
5
Parallel: 2 μF + C4 = CAB = 4 μF
C1 3μ C6 3μ
C2 4μ CT
C4
6μ

C 5−6 = C5  + C6  = 6 μ

C1  −2 = C1  + C2  = 7 μ

C  ⋅ C 
C1  −2,4 = _
  1−2 4   = 3.23 μ
C1  −2 + C4 
C  ⋅ C 
  = _
C3,56   5−6 3   = 4 μ
C5  −6 + C3 

CT  = C1−2,4
  + C3,
  5−6 = 7.23 μF
T = 1 μFin the circuit in

5.3.19 Select the value of C to produce the desired total capacitance of C 
Fig. P5.3.19.
C C 1 μF
CT
1 μF 2 μF 1 μF
FIGURE P5.3.19
Solution:
C C C3 1μ
CT = 1 μF
C1 1μ C2 2μ C4 1μ
C 1−2 = C1  + C2  = 3 μ
  + C ) ( C + C3  + C4  )
( C1,2
C1−2
  ⋅ C ( C + C3  ) ⋅ C4 
C T =  _ + ___________
   
3 μC C+1μ
1 μ =  _ + _   
3μ+C C+2μ
  2 + 5 μ ⋅ C − 3 μ = 0
⇒3μ⋅C
__________________
2
−5 μ ± √
(  
5 μ)  − 4(3 μ)(−3 μ) 
C =  __________________________
        
2(3 μ)
C = −0.833 μ ± 1.3016 μ
C = 0.468 μF

5.3.20 Find the total capacitance CT in the network in Fig. P5.3.20. All capacitors are 12 microfarads.
CT
FIGURE P5.3.20
Solution:
C1 C2
C3 C4 C5
C6
CT C7 C8
C9
C10 C11
All caps = 12 μF
C 4−5 = C4  + C5  = 24 μ

C7  −8 = C7  + C8  = 24 μ
C1  0 ∥ C 11 ∥ Short = 0
C1 C2
C3 C4–5
C6
CT
C7–8
C9
C9  ∥ Short = 0
C6  −8 = C6  + C7−8
  = 36 μ
C1 C2
CT C3 C4–5
C6–8

_   1   + _
  1   = _   1   + _
  1  
C2,
  4−8 C2  C4−5
  C6−8
 
C2  , 4−8 = 6.545 μ
C2−8
  = C3  + C2,
  4−8 = 18.545 μ
C  ⋅ C 
  = _
C1−8   1 2−8   = 7.286 μ
C1  + C2  −8
CT  = C1−8
  ǁ Short
CT  = 0
5.3.21 The two capacitors in Fig. P5.3.21 were charged and then connected as shown. Determine the
equivalent capacitance, the initial voltage at the terminals, and the total energy stored in the network.
−
3V 6 μF
+
+
2V 3 μF
−
FIGURE P5.3.21
Solution:
C 1 = 6 μ, C2  = 3 μ
C  ⋅ C 
Ce  q = _
  1 2   = 2 μF
C1  + C2 
+
−
3V
+
Vi
+
2V
−
−
V i = −3 + 2
Vi  = −1 V

  1  ⋅ C
W TOT = _   1  ⋅ C  ⋅ V  2 
  ⋅ V  2  + _
2 1 1 2 2 2
WT  OT = 33 μJ


5.3.22 Find the total inductance, LT, in the network in Fig. P5.3.22. All inductors are 6 millihenrys.
LT
FIGURE P5.3.22
Solution:
L2
L1 L5
L3 L4 L6
L7 LT
L9 L10
L8 L12
L11
(L1  1 + L1  2)ǁ Short = 0

L1  0 ǁ Short = 0

L8  −9 = L8  ǁ L 9 = 3m

L2
L1 L5
L3 L4 L6
L7 LT
L8–9
L 5−6 = L5  |L6  = 3m

L4  −6 = L4  + L5  −6 = 9m

L4  −6 ǁ Short = 0

L7  −9 = L7  + L8  −9 = 9m


L2
L1
L3
L7–9 LT
L 1−2 = L1  + L2  = 12m

L1−3
  = L1  −2 ǁ L 3 = 4m

L1−3,7−9
  = L1−3
  + L7−9
  = 9m

LT  = L1−3,7−9
  ǁ Short

LT  = 0
5.3.23 Find LT in the circuit in Fig. P5.3.23
4 μH 12 μH
5 μH
4 μH 6 μH
LT 8 μH
12 μH 6 μH 2 μH
1 μH
FIGURE P5.3.23
Solution:
L2 L3 L5
5μ 4μ 12μ
L4 L6
LT L1 8μ
4μ 6μ
L7 12μ L8 6μ L9 2μ
L10
1μ
L3−4
  = L3  ǁ L 4 = 2 μ
L 5−6 = L5  ǁ L 6 = 4 μ
L2 L3−4 L5−6
LT L1 L7 L8 L9
L10
L 5−6,8−9 = (L5−6
  + L9  ) ǁ L 8 = 3 μ
L3  −6,8−10 = L3−4
  + L5−6,8−9
  + L10
 
L3  −6,8−10 = 6 μ

L3  −10 = L7  ǁ L 3−6,8−10 = 4 μ

L2  −10 = L2  + L3−10
  = 9 μ
LT  = L1  ǁ L 2−10 = 4.235 μH


5.3.24 Find LT in the circuit in Fig. P5.3.24.

2 μH
8 μH 4 μH 3 μH
6 μH
LT
4 μH 6 μH 4 μH 12 μH
9 μH 3 μH 12 μH
FIGURE P5.3.24
Solution:
L1
2μ
L2 8μ L3 4μ L4 3μ
L5
LT
6μ
L6 4μ L8 6μ L10 4μ L12 12μ
L7 L9 L11
9μ 3μ 12μ
[L4  + ( L5  ǁ L 12)]ǁ 0ǁ L 3 ǁ L 2 ǁ L 1 = 0

( (L1  thru L5  & L12
  )ǁ Short)
LT L6 L8 L10 L11
L7 L9
L 10−11 = L1  0 ǁ L 11 = 3 μ

L9  −11 = L9  + L1  0−11 = 6 μ

L8  −11 = L8  ǁ L 9−11 = 3 μ

L7  −11 = L7  + L8  −11 = 12 μ

LT  = L6  ǁ L 7−11 = 3 μH

5.3.25 Find the value of L in the network in Fig. P5.3.25 so that the value of LT will be 2 mH.
2 mH
1 mH
6 mH
LT
L L 4 mH
FIGURE P5.3.25

Solution:
L1
2m
L2 1m
L3
LT = 2 mH
6m
L L L4 4m
L 1−2 = L1  + L2  = 3m

L1  −3 = L1−2
  ∥ L3  = 2m
L′  = L ∥ L4 

LT  = L ∥ ( L1−3
  + L′ )
L ⋅ [ 2 + (
L + 4 )]
 _ 4L  
→ 2m = ____________
  
     
L+2+(
L + 4)
 _4L  
2
4 L  − 12L
→ ___________
     − 16 = 0
4
  2 − 3L − 4 = 0
→L
→ ( L − 4)(L + 1) = 0
L = 4 mH
5.3.26 Find the value of L in the network in Fig. P5.3.26 so that the total inductance, LT, will be 2 mH.
4 mH 2 mH
LT
L
6 mH
FIGURE P5.3.26
Solution:
L1 4 m L2 2 m
L
LT = 2 mH
L3 6 m
L T = [ (L ∥ L3  ) + L2  ] ∥ L1 

L = 3 mH

ABP 6.3.34 What values of capacitance can be obtained by interconnecting a 4-μF, 6-μF, and 12-μF
capacitor?
5.3.27 What values of capacitance can be obtained by interconnecting a 4 -μF, 6-μF, and 1 2-μFcapacitor?
Solution:
Solution:
C1 = 4 μ, C2 = 6 μ, C3 = 12 μ
C1  = 4 μ, C2  = 6 μ, C3  = 12 μ
C1 C2 C3
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3
Ceq = 22 μF
C2
C1
C3
C2 ⋅ C3
Ceq = _______ + C1
C2 + C3
Ceq = 8 μF
C1
C2
C3
C1 ⋅ C3
Ceq = _______ + C2
C1 + C3
Ceq = 9 μF
C1
C3
C2
C1 ⋅ C2
Ceq = _______ + C3
C1 + C2
Ceq = 14.4 μF

Solutions
Solutions to Assessment Bank Problems 293
to Problems 343
C1
C2
C3
1 = ___
___ 1 + ___
1 + ___
1
Ceq C1 C2 C3
Ceq = 2 μF
C1
C2 C3
(C2 + C3) ⋅ C1
Ceq = ____________
C1 + C2 + C3
Ceq = 3.27 μF
C2
C1 C3
(C1 + C3) ⋅ C2
Ceq = ____________
C1 + C2 + C3
Ceq = 4.36 μF
C3
C1 C2
(C1 + C2) ⋅ C3
Ceq = ____________
C1 + C2 + C3
Ceq = 5.45 μF

Solutions to
ABP 6.3.35 Given four 2-μF capacitors, find the maximum value and minimum value that can be
ABP 6.3.35 Given four 2-μF capacitors, find the maximum value and minimum value that can be
obtained
5.3.28 by interconnecting
Given the capacitors
four 2-μFcapacitors, find the in series/parallel
maximum combinations.
value and minimum value that can be obtained by
obtained by interconnecting the capacitors in series/parallel
2 combinations.
4 L − 12L
___________ −
→ combinations.= 0
interconnecting the capacitors in series/parallel 16
4
Solution:
Solution: 2
→ L − 3L − 4 = 0
Solution: value obtained when all connected in parallel:
Maximum
Maximum value obtained when all connected → (L 4)(L + 1) = 0
in−parallel:
Maximum value obtained when all connected in parallel:
L = 4 mH
6.3.26 Find the value of L in the network in Fig. P6.3.26 so that the total inductance, LT, will be 2 mH.
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
4 mH 2 mH
LT
L
C1 = C2= C3= C4= 2 μF
C1 = C2= C3= C4= 2 μF
6 mH
Cmax = C1 + C2 + C3C4
C  Cmax = = C
C  1 +
+ CC  2 ++CC  3CC  4
max 1 2 3 4
Cmax = 8 μF
Cmax = 8FIGURE μF P6.3.26
Cm  ax = 8 μF
Minimum value obtained when all connected in series:
Minimum value obtained when all connected in series:
Minimum
Solution:value obtained when all connected in series:
C1
C
L1 14 m L2 2 m
C2
C2 L
LT = 2 mH C3
C3
C4
C4 L3 6 m
1 = ___
____ 1 + ___ 1 + ___ 1 + ___ 1
____
____
 C 11   = =C ___11   +
  ___ +C___11   ++C
  ___ 11  ++___
  ___
___ 11 
 C___
Cmin C11  1 = C 2 3 4
Cm  minin LC
T [(L ∥ L3) + LC24  ]4 ∥ L1
C 
2
2 C
C  
3
3 C

Cmin = 0.5 μF
Cm
C = 0.5
in =
  min 0.5
L =μF μF
3 mH
ABP 6.3.36 Find the equivalent inductance of the network in Fig. ABP6.3.36 at the terminals A–B.
ABP
6.3.276.3.36
5.3.29 Findinductor
AA40-mH
20-mH the equivalent
inductor and inductance
andaa10-mH
12-mHinductorof the
inductor network
are
are in Fig.
connected
connected in ABP6.3.36
inseries
series withaat
with thecurrent
a2-A
1-A terminals A–B. Find
currentsource.
source. Find
(a)
(a)the
theequivalent
equivalentinductance
inductanceand
and (b)
(b)the
thetotal
totalenergy
energy stored.
stored.
3 mH
3 mH
A
A 12 mH
Solution: 12 mH
Solution:
6 mH
12 mH 6 mH 4 mH
a.a. L1 12 mH 4 mH
40 mH
Leq LLeqeq==LL1  1++L
9L2  mH
2
6 mH
Leq 9 mH 6 mH
Is LLeqeq==5032 mH mH
L2 10 mH
1A
6 mH 8 mH
6 mH 3 mH 8 mH
3 mH
6 mH
6 mH
b. w  OT ==ww  11++ww 22 B
b. wTTOT B
w wTOT _ 11  ⋅ L
=   _ 2 _ 11  ⋅ L  ⋅ I  2  2
1  1⋅ ⋅Is I  s2++  _ FIGURE ABP6.3.36
TOT =22 ⋅ L 22 ⋅ L22 ⋅ sIs FIGURE ABP6.3.36
w wTOT = 100 mJ

TOT = 16 mJ

TER 6 Capacitance and Inductance Solutions to Problems 295
5.3.30
6.3.28 Determine
Determinethe
thevalues
valuesofofinductances
inductancesthat
thatcan
canbe
beobtained
obtainedby
byinterconnecting
interconnectingaa4-mH
4-mHinductor,
inductor,
aa6-mH
6-mHinductor,
inductor,and
andaa12-mH
12-mHinductor.
inductor.
Solution:
Solution:
L1 = 4m, L2 = 6m, L3 = 12m
L1 L2 L3
1 =_
_ 1 +_
1 +_ 1
Leq L1 L2 L3
Leq = 2 mH
L2
L1
L3
( L2 + L3) ⋅ L1
Leq = ___________
L1 + L2 + L3
Leq = 3.27 mH
L1
L2
L3
( L1 + L3) ⋅ L2
Leq = ___________
L1 + L2 + L3
Leq = 4.36 mH
L1
L3
L2
( L1 + L2) ⋅ L3
Leq = ___________
L1 + L2 + L3
Leq = 5.45 mH

296 C HA PTER 5 Capacitance and Inductance Solutions to P
L1
L2
L3
Leq = L1 + L2 + L3
Leq = 22 mH
L1
L2 L3
L2 ⋅ L3
Leq = _ + L1
L2 + L3
Leq = 8 mH
L2
L1 L3
L1 ⋅ L3
Leq = _ + L2
L1 + L3
Leq = 9 mH
L3
L1 L2
L1 ⋅ L2
Leq = _ + L3
L1 + L2
Leq = 14.4 mH

5.3.31 Given four 8-mH inductors, determine the maximum and minimum values of inductance that
can be obtained by interconnecting the inductors in series/parallel combinations.
Solution:
Maximum value obtained when all connected in series:
L1
L2
L3
L4
L max = L1  + L2  + L3  + L4 

L max = 32 mH
Minimum value obtained when all connected in parallel:
L1 L2 L3 L4
 ____   1   + _
1   = _   1   + _
  1   + _
  1  
Lm
  in L1  L2  L3  L4 
L min = 2 mH

5.4.1 Given the network in Fig. P5.4.1,
υo
(a) Determine the equation for the closed-loop gain |G| =   __
υ . i
(b) S
ketch the magnitude of the closed-loop gain as a function of frequency if R1 = 1 k�, R 2 = 10 k�,
and C = 2 μF.
R1 R2
–
+ +
+
υi(t) υo(t)
– –
FIGURE P5.4.1

Solution:
5.4.2 For the network in Fig. P5.4.2 choose C such that υo = –10 Ú υsdt.
Rs = 10 kΩ 70 kΩ
−
+ + +
+ RL υo
–
υs –
–
FIGURE P5.4.2
Solution:
R s = 10 kΩ
υ = −10 Ú υs dt
Req = R s + 70 kΩ = 80 kΩ
Considering i1 = i2 (ideal op-amp case)

υs − 0 dυ
= −C
Req dt
1
υo = Ú υ dt
ReqC s
1 ⇒
ReqC = C = 1.25 µF
10

5.4.3 T
he input to the network shown in Fig. P5.4.3a is shown in Fig. P5.4.3b. Derive the waveform for
the output voltage υo(t) if υo(0) = 0.
–
+ Ω +
+
υi(t) υo(t)
– –
(a)
υi(t)
t( )
(b)
FIGURE P5.4.3
Solution:

5.4.4 T
he output voltage υo of the op-amp circuit of Fig. P5.4.4a is shown in Fig. P5.4.4b. Let Ri = Rf = 1 MΩ
and C = 1 µF. Determine the input voltage waveform and sketch it.
Rf
Ri
−
+ +
υi + υo
–
–
(a)
υo
t( )
–
(b)
FIGURE P5.4.4
Solution:
i = i R + iC

The graph of vi is shown below

5.4.5 Design an op-amp circuit such that:
υ 0 = 10υs + 2Ú υsdt
where υs and υ 0 are the input voltage and output voltage respectively.
Solution:
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or the author, All rights reserved. Instructors who are authorized users of this
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as permitted herein or by law, no part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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or otherwise.

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CH 05

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CHAPTER 5

​ 1 ​ ​ ​ i(t) dt​ + v(0)

c05SolutionsToProblems.indd 249 01-Feb-22 7:57:18 PM

​ (t) = 12​ sin​​ 2​ 377t J​. Find the current in the

​ 1 ​ ⋅ C ⋅ ​Vc​ 2​ ​(t)

​​V​ c​​(t) = _ ​ 1 ​ ⋅ ​ ​ ​ ​ic​ ​​(t) dt​+ ​Vo​ ​​​ 

c05SolutionsToProblems.indd 250 01-Feb-22 7:57:19 PM

​ 1 ​ ⋅ ​ ​ ​ ​ic​ ​​(t)​ dt + ​Vo​ ​​​

​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ 10m​ dt + ​Vo​ ​​

​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ −10m dt + ​Vo​ ​​​

​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ −10m dt + ​Vo​ ​​​

Vc​ ​​(t) = −200t + ​Vo​ ​​ V​

c05SolutionsToProblems.indd 251 01-Feb-22 7:57:19 PM

​ 15m ​ ⋅ (3m − 1m) + 2.5

​ 1 ​ ⋅ ​ ​ ​ ​ic​ ​​(t)​ dt + ​Vo​ ​​​

​ ​ 1 ​ ⋅ ​​ ​ ​ 0 dt​​ + 6250 (40m​​)​​ 2​​

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2 ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms: ​V​ c​​ = −12 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A

t > 6 ms: ​V​ c​​ = 0 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A

4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms: ​V​ c​​ = 2 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A

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12 ms ≤ t ≤ 16 ms: ​V​ c​​ = −​ _6 ​ ⋅ t V,

t > 16 ms: ​V​ c​​ = 0 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A

​8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: ​V​ c​​ = −10 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A​

​t > 12 ms: ​V​ c​​ = 0 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A​

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​5 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: ​V​ c​​ = −​ _5 ​ ⋅ t V,

​10 ms ≤ t ≤ 15 ms: ​V​ c​​ = 5 V, ​i​ c​​ = 0 A​

​15 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms: ​V​ c​​ = −​ _5 ​ ⋅ t V,

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​t > 50 s: ​V​ c​​ = 0 V, ​ic​ ​​ = 0 A​

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Section 5.2 Solutions

​ 1 ​ ⋅ ​ ​ ​ ​VL​ ​​(t) dt​+ ​Io​ ​​​

​t < 0 s: ​V​ L​​ = 0 V, ​i​ L​​ = 0 A​

​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.4, dt + ​Io​ ​​​

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ER 6 Capacitance and Inductance

1 ⋅ (100m) ⋅ (2 sin 377t) 2

​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​υ​ L​​(t) dt + I​ o​ ​​​​

⎧ 500 ⋅ ​t​​ 2​ mA, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms

5.2.4 The current in a 40-mH inductor is specified as follows:

{ −0.48t ​e​​ −4t​ + 0.12 ​e​​ −4t​ V, t > 0 s

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5.2.5 The current in a 25-mH inductor is given by the expressions

{0.25 ​e​​ −t​ mV, t > 0 s

​ 1 ​ ⋅ L ⋅ ​​iL​ ​​​​ 2​(t)

​​V​ L​​(t) = 0.25 e​ ​​ −t​ mV, t>0s

​​w​ L​​(t) = 1.25(1 − e​ ​​ −t​ )​​2 ​ μJ, t>0s

​​w​ L​​(t) = _ ​ 1 ​ ⋅ L ⋅ ​​iL​ ​​​​ 2​(t)

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​0 s ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: ​i​ L​​ = _​ 120 ​ t A,

​10 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms: ​i​ L​​ = 120 mA, ​V​ L​​ = 0 V​

​30 ms ≤ t ≤ 40 ms: ​i​ L​​ = 60 mA, ​V​ L​​ = 0 V​

​40 ms ≤ t ≤ 50 ms: ​i​ L​​ = _​ 60m ​ t A,

​50 ms ≤ t ≤ 60 ms: ​iL​ ​​ = 120 mA, ​V​ L​​ = 0 V​

​60 ms ≤ t ≤ 70 ms: ​i​ L​​ = −​ _120m ​ t A,

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​ 1 ​ ⋅ L ⋅ ​​iL​ ​​​​ 2​(t)

  1   i(t) dt + v(0)

(t) = 12  sin  2 377t J. Find the current in the

  1  ⋅ C ⋅ Vc  2  (t)

V c(t) = _   1 ⋅   ic  (t) dt+ Vo  

  1 ⋅   ic  (t) dt + Vo 

  1     10m dt + Vo 

  1     −10m dt + Vo 

  1     −10m dt + Vo 

Vc  (t) = −200t + Vo  V

  15m  ⋅ (3m − 1m) + 2.5

  1   ⋅   ic  (t) dt + Vo 

  1   ⋅   0 dt + 6250 (40m)  2

2 ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms: V c = −12 V, i c = 0 A

t > 6 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A

4 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms: V c = 2 V, i c = 0 A

12 ms ≤ t ≤ 16 ms: V c = − _6 ⋅ t V,

t > 16 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A

8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: V c = −10 V, i c = 0 A

t > 12 ms: V c = 0 V, i c = 0 A

5 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: V c = − _5 ⋅ t V,

10 ms ≤ t ≤ 15 ms: V c = 5 V, i c = 0 A

15 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms: V c = − _5 ⋅ t V,

t > 50 s: V c = 0 V, ic  = 0 A

  1 ⋅   VL  (t) dt+ Io 

t < 0 s: V L = 0 V, i L = 0 A

  1    2.4, dt + Io 

  1     υ L(t) dt + I o 

⎧ 500 ⋅ t  2  mA, 0 s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms

{ −0.48t e  −4t + 0.12 e  −4t V, t > 0 s

{0.25 e  −t  mV, t > 0 s

  1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2(t)

V L(t) = 0.25 e   −t mV, t>0s

w L(t) = 1.25(1 − e   −t )2 μJ, t>0s

w L(t) = _   1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2(t)

0 s ≤ t ≤ 10 ms: i L = _  120 t A,

10 ms ≤ t ≤ 20 ms: i L = 120 mA, V L = 0 V

30 ms ≤ t ≤ 40 ms: i L = 60 mA, V L = 0 V

40 ms ≤ t ≤ 50 ms: i L = _  60m t A,

50 ms ≤ t ≤ 60 ms: iL  = 120 mA, V L = 0 V

60 ms ≤ t ≤ 70 ms: i L = − _120m t A,

  1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2(t)

−10m − 30m = −20

t > 6 ms: iL  = 0 A, VL  = 0 V

0.3 s ≤ t ≤ 0.6 s: i L  = − _6   t A,

0.9 s ≤ t ≤ 1.1 s: wL(1.7m)iL  =   10   t A,μJ

0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 ms: iL  = 0 A, VL  = 0 V

t > 10 ms: i L = 0 A,

  1  ⋅ L ⋅ iL    2

  1  ⋅ C ⋅ Vc  2 

___ddV Vcc  , V = constant → i = 0 A

RReqeq==RR1  1ǁǁRR2  2==40

C 2,3 = C2  + C3  = 9 μ

5.3.2 Find the total capacitance C 

C 7−8 = C7  + C8  = 12 μ

C 6,7 = C6  + C7  = 12 μ

L 2,5 = L2  + L5  = 9m

L 5−6 = L5  + L6  = 12 μ

C 4−5 = C4  + C5  = 5 μ

C 2−3 = C2  + C3  = 12 μ

5.3.10 Find the total capacitance CT of the network in Fig. P5.3.10.

_______CC1  1 ⋅⋅ CC6  6

CC2,4 = _______ CC2 22 ⋅⋅ CC4 44 = 4 μ

b. L1 L 7−8 = L7  + L8  = 24m

L 5−6 = L5  ∥ L6 = 2m

L 3−4 = L3  + L4  = 12m

L 2−3,6 = L2  ∥ L 3 ∥ L 6 = 4 μ

L 1−2L = L1  ∥ L 2 = 3m

= LL  4 ∥∥L L2−3,5

C 5−6 = C5  + C6  = 6 μ

T = 1 μFin the circuit in

C 1−2 = C1  + C2  = 3 μ

All caps = 12 μF

C 4−5 = C4  + C5  = 24 μ

(L1  1 + L1  2)ǁ Short = 0

L 5−6 = L5  |L6  = 3m

L 1−2 = L1  + L2  = 12m