2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section X Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels 1st Edition American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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Code Section X Fiber Reinforced Plastic

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SECTION X
ASME Boiler and
2019 Pressure Vessel Code
An International Code
Fibe r- R e in f orce d P l a s t i c
Pre ssu re Ve sse ls
Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=Khalda Petroleum/5986215001, User=Amer, Mohamed
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 07/02/2019 13:56:36 MDT
Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME
logos, or the ASME Single Certification Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed
in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard. Use of ASME’s
name or logos or of the ASME Single Certification Mark requires formal ASME certification; if no
certification program is available, such ASME markings may not be used. (For Certification and
Accreditation Programs, see https://www.asme.org/shop/certification‐accreditation.)
Items produced by parties not formally possessing an ASME Certificate may not be described,
either explicitly or implicitly, as ASME certified or approved in any code forms or other document.
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AN INTERNATIONAL CODE
2019 ASME Boiler &

Pressure Vessel Code
2019 Edition July 1, 2019
X
FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC
PRESSURE VESSELS
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee
on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
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Date of Issuance: July 1, 2019
This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approved
the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have
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ment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and
the public-at-large.
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ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability
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ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the es-
tablished ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
The endnotes and preamble in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard.
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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934

Printed in the United States of America
Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2019.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2019 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in
Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Sta tement of Policy on the Use of ASME Ma rking to Identify Ma nufa ctured Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlv
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix

List of Changes in Record Number Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . li
Cross-Referencing a nd Stylistic Cha nges in the Boiler a nd Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lii
Part RG General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Article RG-1 Scope and Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RG-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RG-110 Application Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RG-120 Jurisdiction of Section X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Article RG-2 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
RG-200 Organization of This Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Article RG-3 Responsibilities and Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
RG-300 Responsibilities and Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
RG-310 User’s Responsibilities — Design Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
RG-320 Fabricator’s Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
RG-330 Inspector’s Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Article RG-4 Fabrication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
RG-400 Fabrication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Part RM Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Article RM-1 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
RM-100 Laminate Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
RM-110 Fiber System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
RM-120 Resin System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
RM-140 Use of Two or More Materials Specifications or Processes in Fabricating a Class I
Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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RM-150 Mechanical Properties of Lamina for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Article RM-2 Miscellaneous Pressure Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
RM-200 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
RM-210 Miscellaneous Metallic Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Part RD Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
iii
Article RD-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
RD-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
RD-110 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
RD-120 Loadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
RD-130 Design Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
RD-140 Design Allowances for Degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
RD-150 Methods of Fabrication in Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
RD-160 Proof of Design Adequacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Article RD-2 Shells of Revolution Under Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
RD-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Article RD-3 Shells of Revolution Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
RD-300 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
RD-310 Qualification of Vessels for External Pressure Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Article RD-4 Secondary Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
RD-400 Design of Secondary Bonded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Article RD-5 Openings and Their Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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RD-500 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
RD-510 Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
RD-520 Restrictions for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Article RD-6 Nozzles and Other Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
RD-600 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
RD-610 Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
RD-620 Integral Flanged Nozzles for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Article RD-7 Bolted Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
RD-700 Flat Heads, Covers, and Blind Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
RD-710 Bolted Flanged Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
RD-720 Openings in Flat Metallic Heads, Metallic Covers, and Metallic Blind Flanges 28
RD-730 Welded or Brazed Connections to Metal Flat Heads, Covers, or Blind Flanges 28
Article RD-8 Quick-Actuating Closures (for Class I Vessels Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
RD-800 General Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Article RD-9 Attachments and Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
RD-900 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
RD-910 Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Article RD-10 Access and Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
RD-1000 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
RD-1010 Equipment of Vessels Requiring Access or Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . 31
RD-1020 Size of Manhole Openings for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
RD-1030 Size of Manhole Openings for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
RD-1040 Minimum Gasket Bearing Widths for Manhole Cover Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
RD-1050 Threaded Openings in Class I Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
RD-1060 Threaded Openings in Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Article RD-11 Mandatory Design Rules for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1110 Design Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1120 Design Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
iv
RD-1130 Design Acceptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1140 Loadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1150 Vessel Parts Subject to Design Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1160 Laminate Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RD-1170 Design Rules — Method A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
RD-1180 Discontinuity Analysis — Method B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Article RD-12 Laminate Stiffness Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
RD-1200 Laminate Stiffness Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
RD-1210 Stiffness Coefficients for Design by Method B Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
RD-1220 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
RD-1230 Lamina Reduced Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
RD-1240 Stiffness Coefficients for the Laminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
RD-1250 Procedure for Calculating the Stiffness Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Part RF Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Article RF-1 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
RF-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
RF-110 Procedure Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Article RF-2 Special Fabrication Requirements for Bag-Molding Process (for Class I
Vessels Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
RF-200 Fiber Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
RF-210 Form of Fiber Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
RF-220 Molds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
RF-230 Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
RF-240 Openings in Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
RF-250 Molded-In Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Article RF-3 Special Fabrication Requirements for Centrifugal-Casting Process (for
Class I Vessels Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
RF-300 Fiber Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
RF-310 Form of Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
RF-320 Mandrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
RF-330 Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Article RF-4 Special Fabrication Requirements for Filament-Winding Process (Classes
I and II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
RF-400 Fiber Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
RF-410 Form of Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
RF-420 Mandrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
RF-430 Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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Article RF-5 Special Fabrication Requirements for Contact-Molding Process (Classes I

and II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
RF-500 Fiber Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
RF-520 Molds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
RF-530 Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
v
Article RF-6 Special Fabrication Requirements for Matched Molded Heads (Used for
Closures for Centrifugally Cast Vessels — for Class I Vessels Only) 67
RF-600 Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
RF-620 Molds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
RF-630 Openings in Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
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Article RF-7 Special Fabrication Requirements for Joining Components . . . . . . . . . 69
RF-700 Procedure Specifications and Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Part RQ Qualification Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Article RQ-1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
RQ-100 Responsibility for Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
RQ-110 Maintenance of Procedure Specification and Qualification Records . . . . . . . 70
RQ-120 Procedure Specification Qualification Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
RQ-130 Means to Be Used in Qualifying Class I Designs and Fabricating Procedures 71
RQ-140 Means for Qualifying Class II Vessel Design and Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Article RQ-2 Special Requirements for Bag-Molding Procedure Qualification (Class I
Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
RQ-200 Essential Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Article RQ-3 Special Requirements for Centrifugal-Casting Procedure Qualification
(Class I Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Article RQ-4 Special Requirements for Filament-Winding Procedure Qualification
(Class I Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Article RQ-5 Special Requirements for Contact-Molding Procedure Qualification (Class
I Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Article RQ-6 Special Requirements for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
RQ-600 Essential Design Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Part RR Pressure Relief Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Article RR-1 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
RR-100 Protection Against Overpressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
RR-110 Types of Overpressure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
RR-120 Set Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
RR-130 Permissible Overpressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Article RR-2 Provisions in Vessels for Installation of Pressure Relief Devices . . . . 79
RR-200 Number, Size, and Location of Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
RR-210 Stop Valves Between the Vessel and Pressure Relief Device . . . . . . . . . . . 79
RR-220 Discharge Lines From Pressure Relief Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Part RT Rules Governing Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Article RT-1 Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
RT-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
RT-110 Fabricator’s Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
RT-120 Inspector’s Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Article RT-2 Design and Procedure Qualification Test Requirements for Class I Vessels 81
RT-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
vi
RT-210 Qualification Checks and Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
RT-220 Qualification Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Article RT-3 Quality Control Test and Examination Requirements for Class I Vessels 85
RT-300 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
RT-310 Frequency of Cyclic Pressure and Qualification Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . 85
RT-320 Frequency of Determination of Weight of Resin and Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
RT-330 Frequency of Volumetric Expansion Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
RT-340 Frequency of Thickness Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Article RT-4 Production Test Requirements for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
RT-400 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
RT-410 Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
RT-420 Thickness Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RT-430 Vessel Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RT-440 Barcol Hardness Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RT-450 Hydrostatic Leakage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RT-460 Conditions Under Which Pneumatic Leakage Test May Be Used . . . . . . . . . 88
Article RT-5 Hydrostatic Testing Procedures and Equipment for Class I and Class II
Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
RT-500 Provision of Vents at High Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
RT-510 Test gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
RT-520 Calibration of Acoustic Emission Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Article RT-6 Acceptance Test Procedure for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
RT-600 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
RT-610 Acceptance Checks and Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
RT-620 Acceptance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
RT-630 Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Article RT-7 Determination of Mechanical Properties of Lamina for Use With Class II
Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
RT-700 Required Mechanical Properties of the Lamina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Article RT-8 Test Methods for Determining Damage-Based Design Criterion . . . . . 94
RT-800 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
RT-810 Referenced documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
RT-820 Apparatus, Loading Procedure, and Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Part RI Inspection Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Article RI-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
RI-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
RI-110 Qualification of Inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
RI-120 Access for Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
RI-130 Inspector’s Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
RI-140 Inspection of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
RI-150 Inspection During Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
RI-160 Alternative Inspection for Multiple, Duplicate Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Article RI-2 Special Inspection Requirements for Bag Molding (Class I Vessels) . . 97
RI-200 Check of Bag-Molding Procedure Specification Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 97
RI-210 Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Article RI-3 Special Inspection Requirements for Centrifugal Casting (Class I Vessels) 98
vii
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RI-300 Check of Centrifugal-Casting Procedure Specification Qualification . . . . . . . 98
Article RI-4 Special Inspection Requirements for Filament Winding . . . . . . . . . . . 99
RI-400 Check of Filament-Winding Procedure Specification Qualification . . . . . . . . 99
Article RI-5 Special Inspection Requirements for Contact Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
RI-500 Check of Contact-Molding Procedure Specification Qualification . . . . . . . . . 100
Part RS Marking, Stamping, and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Article RS-1 Contents, Methods, and Means of Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
RS-100 Required Marking for Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
RS-110 Application of Stamp to Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
RS-120 Part Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
RS-130 Nameplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
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Article RS-2 Use of Certification Mark Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
RS-200 Certification Mark Stamp Bearing Official Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Article RS-3 Report Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
RS-300 Fabricator’s Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Mandatory Appendix 1 Quality Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
1-100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
1-110 Outline of Some of the Features to Be Included in the Quality Control System 105
Mandatory Appendix 2 Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2-100 Requirements for Capacity Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Mandatory Appendix 4 Glossary of Terms Related to Fiber-Reinforced Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Mandatory Appendix 5 Specific Gravity of Liquid Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5-100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5-200 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5-300 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5-400 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5-500 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5-600 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Mandatory Appendix 6 Structural Laminate Visual Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6-100 Structural Laminate Visual Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Mandatory Appendix 7 Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Mandatory Appendix 8 Class III Vessels With Liners for High Pressure Fluids in Stationary Service 126
8-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8-300 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
8-400 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
8-500 Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
8-600 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Mandatory Appendix 9 Establishing Governing Code Editions, Addenda, and Cases for FRP
Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
9-100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
9-200 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
viii
9-300 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
9-400 Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
9-500 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
9-600 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9-700 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9-800 Overpressure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9-900 Field Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9-1000 Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Mandatory Appendix 10 Laminates With Load-Sharing Metallic Shells for High Pressure Service 151
10-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10-200 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10-300 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
10-400 Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
10-500 Examination and Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
10-600 Laminate Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
10-700 Inspector’s Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Nonmandatory Appendix AA Suggested Methods of Preliminary Design for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . 165
Article AA-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
AA-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Article AA-2 Shells of Revolution Under Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
AA-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
AA-210 Die-Formed Heads, Pressure on Concave Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Article AA-3 Shells of Revolution Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
AA-300 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Article AA-4 Reinforcement of Openings in Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
AA-400 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
AA-410 Reinforcement for Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Article AA-5 Attachments and Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
AA-500 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
AA-510 Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
AA-520 Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Nonmandatory Appendix AB Installation and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
AB-100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Nonmandatory Appendix AC Discontinuity Stresses for Class II, Method B Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Article AC-1 Examples of Discontinuity Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
AC-100 Example Illustrating the Application of Discontinuity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 175
Article AC-2 Examples of Stress Analysis of Cylindrical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
AC-200 Sign Convention and Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
AC-210 Principal Stresses and Stress Intensities Due to Internal Pressure . . . . . . . 182
AC-220 Bending Analysis for Uniformly Distributed Edge Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
AC-230 Displacements, Bending Moments, and Shearing Forces in Terms of Conditions
at Reference Edge, x = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
AC-240 Principal Stresses Due to Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Article AC-3 Examples of Stress Analysis of Spherical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
AC-300 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
ix
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AC-310 Nomenclature and Sign Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
AC-320 Principal Stresses and Stress Intensities Resulting From Internal or External
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
AC-330 Bending Analysis for Uniformly Distributed Edge Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
AC-340 Alternate Bending Analysis of a Hemispherical Shell Subjected to Uniformly
Distributed Edge Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Article AC-4 Examples of Stress Analysis of Flat Circular Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
AC-400 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
AC-410 Nomenclature and Sign Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
AC-420 Pressure and Edge Loads on Circular Flat Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
AC-430 Flat Plate Pressure Vessel Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
AC-440 Geometry Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
AC-450 Stress Intensities in a Flat Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Nonmandatory Appendix AD Laminate Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
AD-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
AD-200 Standard Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
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AD-300 Basic Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

AD-310 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
AD-400 Lamina (Ply) Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
AD-500 Illustrative Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
AD-510 Strain-Space Failure Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Nonmandatory Appendix AF Examples for Design Rules for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
AF-100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
AF-200 Cylindrical Shells Under Uniform Internal Pressure (See RD-1171.1) . . . . . 207
AF-210 Spherical Shells Under Internal Pressure (See RD-1171.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
AF-300 Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure (See RD-1172.1) . . . . . . . . . . . 207
AF-310 Spherical Shells Under Uniform External Pressure (See RD-1172.2) . . . . . . 208
AF-400 Thickness of Heads Under Internal Pressure (See RD-1173.1) . . . . . . . . . . 208
AF-410 Thickness of Heads Under External Pressure (See RD-1173.2) . . . . . . . . . . 208
AF-420 Reinforcement of Openings and Nozzle Attachments (See RD-1174.2) . . . . 208
AF-500 Head-to-Shell Joint Overlay Subject to Internal Pressure (See RD-1175.2) . 209
Nonmandatory Appendix AG Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization
(See Figure AG-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Nonmandatory Appendix AH Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
AH-100 Use of Units in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
AH-200 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
AH-300 Soft Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Nonmandatory Appendix AI Rigorous NASA SP-8007 Solution for Lateral and Longitudinal Pressure 215
AI-100 ...................................................... 215
AI-200 Buckling Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Nonmandatory Appendix AJ Forms Required by Section X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Latest Revision and Year Date of Forms Referenced in This Code . . . . . . .
Nonmandatory Appendix AK Lamina Elastic Constants — Micromechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
AK-100 Lamina Elastic Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
AK-200 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
x
AK-300 Preliminary Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
AK-400 Micromechanics Equations for a Unidirectional Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
AK-500 Micromechanics of a Randomly Distributed, Fiber-Reinforced Lamina . . . . 258
Nonmandatory Appendix AL Fire and Excessive Heat Exposure Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
AL-100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
AL-200 Suggested Methods to Mitigate Fire Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Figures
RD-620.3 Flange Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
RD-620.4(a) Plate‐Type Gussets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
RD-620.4(b) Typical Cone‐Type Gusset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
RD-620.5 Flush Nozzle Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
RD-620.6 Penetrating Nozzle Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
RD-700.1 Acceptable Types of Flat Heads for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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RD-1120.1 Design Limitations for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
RD-1174.2 Dimensions of Reinforcing Pad and Nozzle Overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
RD-1174.3 Stress Concentration Factors for a Circular Hole in a Pressurized Cylindrical
Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
RD-1175.2 Head/Shell or Shell/Shell Overlay Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
RD-1176.1 Design of Full‐Face Nozzle Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
RD-1176.2 Values of V (Integral Flange Factor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
RD-1176.3 Values of F (Integral Flange Factor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
RD-1176.4 Values of f (Hub Stress Correction Factor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
RD-1176.5 Values of T, Z, Y, and U (Terms Involving K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
RD-1220.1 Moment Resultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
RD-1220.2 In‐Plane Force Resultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
RD-1220.3 Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
RD-1250.1 Geometry of an N‐Layered Laminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
RF-210.1 Fiber Side Wall Lay‐Up for Bag Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
RF-210.2 Head or End Preform for Cylindrical Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
RF-610.1 Fiber Preform and Insert for Head for Centrifugally Cast Vessel . . . . . . . . 67
RF-610.2 Fiber Head or End Preformed Inserts for Centrifugally Cast Vessel Heads . 68
RS-100.1 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers’ Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
RS-132.1 Form of Stamping and Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2-100.1 Constant C for Gas or Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv) . 108
2-100.1M Constant C for Gas or Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv) . 108
8-700.5.11.1-1 Pendulum Impact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10-201-1 General Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10-201-2 Laminate Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
10-201-3 Laminate Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
AA-522.1 Saddle‐Type Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
AA-523.1 Ring or Flange Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
AA-524.1 Metal Attachment in Vessel End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
AA-524.2 Metal Attachments in Thickened Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
AC-100.1 ....................................................... 175
xi
AC-100.2 .................................................. . . . . . 176
AC-100.3 .................................................. . . . . . 176
AC-100.4 .................................................. . . . . . 177
AC-100.5 .................................................. . . . . . 177
AC-200 Symbols and Sign Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
AC-310 .................................................. . . . . . 185
AC-410 .................................................. . . . . . 189
AC-421 .................................................. . . . . . 189
AC-422 .................................................. . . . . . 189
AC-430 .................................................. . . . . . 189
AC-431 .................................................. . . . . . 190
AD-201 .................................................. . . . . . 192
AD-202 Reference Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
AD-500 ..................................................... . . 194
AD-503 ..................................................... . . 198
AD-505 ..................................................... . . 198
AD-510 Failure Envelopes — Example Laminate in Strain Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
AG-1 Sample Certificate of Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Q-115.1 Schematic Views of Permissible Joint Designs for Adhesive‐Bonded Cylinder
Joints for Tensile Tests (Revision A — 1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Tables
RM-120.1 Resin Systems Required Certification by Resin Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . 9
RM-120.2 Resin Systems Required Test by Vessel Fabricator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
RD-620.1 Flange and Nozzle Dimensions for Hand Lay‐Up and Pressure-Molded Flanges 21
RD-1173.2 Values of Spherical Radius Factor Ko for Ellipsoidal Heads With Pressure on
Convex Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
RT-620.1 Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2-100.1 Molecular Weights of Gases and Vapors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6-100.1 Structural Laminate Visual Acceptance Criteria for Class I Pressure Vessels 121
6-100.2 Structural Laminate Visual Acceptance Criteria for Class II Pressure Vessels 123
7-100.1 Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
8-300.4.1-1 Resin Systems: Required Certifications and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
8-600.2.1-1 Visual Acceptance Criteria for FRP Laminate (U.S. Customary Units) . . . . . 131
8-600.2.1-2 Visual Acceptance Criteria for FRP Laminate (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8-700.2.1-1 Qualification Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
8-900.3-1 Guide for Completing Fabricator’s Data Report CPV-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
10-305.1-1 Resin Supplier Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
10-305.1-2 Tests by Laminate Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
10-307-1 Pre-Preg Supplier Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
10-307-2 Pre-Preg Systems Tests by CRPV Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
10-503-1 Visual Acceptance Criteria for FRP Laminate (U.S. Customary Units) . . . . . 158
10-503-1M Visual Acceptance Criteria for FRP Laminate (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
10-503-2 Acoustic Emission Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
AC-440.1 ...................................................... . 191
AD-500 Assumed Lamina Elastic and Strength Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
xii --`,```,,,,,````,`,``,,`,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

AD-501 Transformed Modulus Components, 106 psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
AD-506 Matrices for Illustrative Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
AD-507.2 Off‐Axis Mechanical Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
AD-507.3 On‐Axis Mechanical Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
AD-510 Strain‐Space Envelope Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
AG-1 Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization
(See Figure AG-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
AJ-1 Latest Revision and Year Date of Forms Referenced in This Code . . . . . . . 219
AJ-2 Guide for Completing Form RP-1 (Revision E — 2017) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
AJ-3 Guide for Completing Form RP-2 (Revision C — 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
AJ-4 Guide for Completing Form RP-3 (Revision F — 2017) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Forms
CPV-1 Fabricator’s Data Report for Composite Reinforced Pressure Vessels (Class III) 142
CPV-2 Recommended Form for Qualifying the Laminate Design and the Laminate
Procedure Specification Used in the Fabrication of Composite Reinforced
Pressure Vessels (Class III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Q-106 Recommended Form for Qualifying the Vessel Design and the Procedure
Specification Used in Fabricating Bag-Molded and Centrifugally Cast Fiber-
Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (Class I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Specification Used in Fabricating Filament-Wound Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
Pressure Vessels (Class I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Specification Used in Fabricating Contact-Molded, Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
Pressure Vessels (Class I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Q-115 Recommended Form for Qualifying the Design and the Procedure Specification
Used in Adhesive Bonding of Parts of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure
Vessels (Class I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Q-120 Procedure Specification for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
RP-1 Fabricator’s Data Report for Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (Class I) 241
RP-2 Fabricator’s Partial Data Report (Class I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
RP-3 Fabricator’s Data Report for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
RP-4 Fabricator’s Partial Data Report for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
RP-5 Fabricator’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Endnotes ....................................................... 266

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xiii
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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xiv
Subgroup on International Material Specifications (BPV II) Working Group on Materials Database (BPV II)
M. Ishikawa, Chair W. M. Lundy J. F. Henry, Chair J. Grimes, Contributing Member

A. R. Nywening, Vice Chair E. Upitis C. E. O’Brien, Staff Secretary W. Hoffelner, Contributing Member
B. Mruk, Secretary F. Zeller F. Abe D. T. Peters, Contributing Member
A. Chaudouet O. Oldani, Delegate J. R. Foulds W. Ren, Contributing Member
P. Chavdarov D. A. Canonico, Contributing M. J. Slater B. W. Roberts, Contributing
H. Chen Member R. C. Sutherlin Member
A. F. Garbolevsky H. Lorenz, Contributing Member D. Andrei, Contributing Member R. W. Swindeman, Contributing
D. O. Henry T. F. Miskell, Contributing Member J. L. Arnold, Contributing Member Member
Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (BPV II)

E. Shapiro, Chair D. W. Rahoi
S. Yem, Vice Chair W. Ren Working Group on Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels (BPV II)
J. Robertson, Secretary R. C. Sutherlin
R. Beldyk J. F. Henry, Chair J. Parker
J. Weritz M. Ortolani, Vice Chair J. J. Sanchez-Hanton
J. Calland
R. Wright J. A. Siefert, Secretary W. J. Sperko
J. M. Downs
J. F. Grubb D. B. Denis, Contributing Member S. H. Bowes J. M. Tanzosh
D. Maitra M. Katcher, Contributing Member D. A. Canonico R. H. Worthington
J. A. McMaster D. T. Peters, Contributing Member K. K. Coleman R. G. Young
P. D. Flenner F. Zeller
J. R. Foulds F. Abe, Contributing Member
G. W. Galanes G. Cumino, Contributing Member
M. Lang B. W. Roberts, Contributing
Subgroup on Physical Properties (BPV II) F. Masuyama Member
T. Melfi R. W. Swindeman, Contributing
J. F. Grubb, Chair D. W. Rahoi
W. F. Newell, Jr. Member
G. Aurioles, Sr. P. K. Rai
D. Chandiramani E. Shapiro
P. Chavdarov M. S. Shelton
H. Eshraghi D. K. Verma
B. F. Hantz S. Yem
R. D. Jones H. D. Bushfield, Contributing
P. K. Lam Member
S. Neilsen D. B. Denis, Contributing Member Working Group on Data Analysis (BPV II)
J. F. Grubb, Chair M. Gold, Contributing Member
J. R. Foulds W. Hoffelner, Contributing Member
J. F. Henry
M. Katcher, Contributing Member
Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (BPV II) F. Masuyama
D. T. Peters, Contributing Member
M. Ortolani
M. J. Slater, Chair D. W. Rahoi W. Ren B. W. Roberts, Contributing
S. W. Knowles, Vice Chair M. S. Shelton M. Subanovic Member
D. A. Canonico J. M. Tanzosh M. J. Swindeman R. W. Swindeman, Contributing
A. Di Rienzo R. G. Young F. Abe, Contributing Member Member
J. R. Foulds F. Zeller
J. A. Hall F. Abe, Contributing Member
J. F. Henry M. Gold, Contributing Member
F. Masuyama M. Nair, Contributing Member
T. Ono B. W. Roberts, Contributing
M. Ortolani Member
China International Working Group (BPV II)

A. T. Xu, Secretary F. Yang
W. Fang G. Yang
Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (BPV II & BPV IX)
Q. C. Feng H.-C. Yang
G. W. Galanes, Chair W. F. Newell, Jr. S. Huo J. Yang
K. L. Hayes, Vice Chair J. Penso F. Kong R. Ye
S. H. Bowes D. W. Rahoi H. Li
L. Yin
K. K. Coleman B. W. Roberts J. Li
D. Zhang
M. Denault S. Li
W. J. Sperko H. Zhang
P. D. Flenner Z. Rongcan
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J. R. Foulds J. P. Swezy, Jr. S. Tan X.-H. Zhang

D. W. Gandy J. M. Tanzosh C. Wang Yingkai Zhang
M. Ghahremani M. Gold, Contributing Member J. Wang Yong Zhang
J. F. Henry J. J. Sanchez-Hanton, Contributing Q.-J. Wang Q. Zhao
E. Liebl Member X. Wang S. Zhao
xxvi
COMMITTEE ON CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITY Subgroup on Component Design (SC-D) (BPV III)
COMPONENTS (BPV III)
T. M. Adams, Chair J. C. Minichiello
R. S. Hill III, Chair M. N. Mitchell R. B. Keating, Vice Chair D. K. Morton
R. B. Keating, Vice Chair M. Morishita S. Pellet, Secretary T. M. Musto
J. C. Minichiello, Vice Chair D. K. Morton D. J. Ammerman T. Nagata
A. Byk, Staff Secretary T. Nagata G. A. Antaki I. Saito
T. M. Adams J. E. Nestell S. Asada G. C. Slagis
A. Appleton E. L. Pleins J. F. Ball
J. R. Stinson
R. W. Barnes R. F. Reedy, Sr. C. Basavaraju
G. Z. Tokarski
W. H. Borter I. Saito D. Chowdhury
J. P. Tucker
C. W. Bruny S. Sham R. P. Deubler
T. D. Burchell P. Hirschberg P. Vock
G. J. Solovey C. Wilson
R. P. Deubler M. Kassar
W. K. Sowder, Jr. J. Yang
P. R. Donavin O.-S. Kim
W. J. Sperko C. W. Bruny, Contributing Member
A. C. Eberhardt H. Kobayashi
J. P. Tucker A. A. Dermenjian, Contributing
J. V. Gardiner K. A. Manoly
C. S. Withers Member
J. Grimm R. J. Masterson
S. Hunter H.-T. Wang, Delegate D. E. Matthews K. R. Wichman, Honorary Member
R. M. Jessee C. T. Smith, Contributing Member
R. I. Jetter M. Zhou, Contributing Member
C. C. Kim E. B. Branch, Honorary Member
G. H. Koo G. D. Cooper, Honorary Member
V. Kostarev D. F. Landers, Honorary Member
M. A. Lockwood R. A. Moen, Honorary Member
K. A. Manoly C. J. Pieper, Honorary Member
D. E. Matthews K. R. Wichman, Honorary Member
Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-CD) (BPV III)
J. Yang, Chair M. Nakajima
D. Keck, Secretary M. D. Snyder
L. C. Hartless R. Vollmer
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J. F. Kielb T. M. Wiger
T. Liszkai Y. Wong
H. S. Mehta R. Z. Ziegler
Executive Committee (BPV III)

R. S. Hill III, Chair R. B. Keating
A. Byk, Staff Secretary J. C. Minichiello
T. M. Adams J. A. Munshi
C. W. Bruny J. E. Nestell
Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containment Systems
P. R. Donavin S. Sham
(SG-CD) (BPV III)
J. V. Gardiner G. J. Solovey
J. Grimm W. K. Sowder, Jr. D. J. Ammerman, Chair D. K. Morton
G. Bjorkman X. Zhai
V. Broz X. Zhang
S. Horowitz D. Dunn, Alternate
S. Klein I. D. McInnes, Contributing Member
D. W. Lewis H. P. Shrivastava, Contributing
J. C. Minichiello Member
Subcommittee on Design (BPV III)

P. R. Donavin, Chair M. N. Mitchell
T. M. Adams, Vice Chair W. J. O’Donnell, Sr.
R. L. Bratton S. Sham Working Group on HDPE Design of Components (SG-CD) (BPV III)
C. W. Bruny J. P. Tucker
R. P. Deubler T. M. Musto, Chair M. Martin
W. F. Weitze
M. A. Gray J. Ossmann, Secretary J. C. Minichiello
T. Yamazaki
S. Horowitz T. M. Adams D. P. Munson
J. Yang
R. I. Jetter T. A. Bacon
R. S. Hill III, Contributing Member F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
R. B. Keating M. Brandes
G. L. Hollinger, Contributing R. Stakenborghs
K. A. Manoly S. Choi
R. J. Masterson Member J. R. Hebeisen J. Wright
D. E. Matthews M. H. Jawad, Contributing Member P. Krishnaswamy M. T. Audrain, Alternate
S. McKillop K. Wright, Contributing Member K. A. Manoly D. Burwell, Contributing Member
xxvii
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"He is not a man after my own heart, and I would rather be excused
from serving under him. I don't think we shall agree."
"You may not agree, but he will," laughed the captain, who did not
appear to be half so amiable as before I had signed the shipping
papers.
"I don't think you know him. In my opinion, the police commissioners
of St. Louis would like to see him very much indeed," I answered.
This was a very imprudent remark on my part, though it was only the
simple truth. Ben Waterford's face turned red, and he leaped into the
boat where I was.
"We have carried this farce just far enough," said he, angrily. "I'm not
going to fool all day with any one. Now get into that boat. Tumble his
trunk in."
The men with me obeyed the order, and my valuable trunk was
placed in the stern sheets of the shipping master's boat. I could not
hope successfully to resist the captain and mate of the Michigan, and
calmer reflection than I had at first given the subject cooled my
desperate ardor. But I still hoped that some lucky event would save
me from my fate.
"Tumble into the boat, Phil," repeated the mate.
"I want you to tell the police of New York, as soon as possible," I
continued, turning to my boatman, "that the mate of the Michigan is
—"
I had not time to say any more before Ben Waterford seized me by
the throat, and pitched me into the other boat.
Phil made Prisoner by Waterford.
"Is a forger," I shouted.

"Shove off," said Captain Farraday; and the two boats separated.
"I'll tell them," replied the boatman, who was evidently vexed at the
loss of the promised sovereign, though he had done his best to earn
it.
"I want you to come alongside the bark, and carry the papers to the
custom-house," said Captain Farraday. "I will give you five dollars if
you will."
"I'll give you five more," added Ben Waterford.
I saw that those who were likely to be my friends were to be bought
off. Ten dollars would effectually silence them, and I had nothing more
to hope for, though it occurred to me that I might communicate with
the pilot, whose canoe had come alongside just as I left the bark. I
had exhausted my own resources, and I prayed to God for help. I was
driven up the accommodation ladder, and reached the deck, utterly
defeated and cast down. The men hoisted up my trunk, but I felt as
though that and myself might as well be at the bottom of the bay. I
had neglected, both in the letter and the spirit, the advice of my
father, and I was in a fair way to suffer severely for it. If Ben Waterford
had not been the mate of the bark, my future would have seemed
more tolerable.
"What shall we do with him?" asked Captain Farraday. "Send him
forward with the rest of the crew?"
"Not yet; he is turbulent, and may make trouble there. We will keep
him aft till we are in blue water. Come with me, Phil," he continued, in
savage tones, which were a foretaste of what I might reasonably
expect from him.
I followed him into the cabin, where he ordered me to wait his further
pleasure. He looked into several state-rooms, and finally entered one
of them, closing the door behind him. I had an opportunity for
reflection; but I had nothing to think of but the misery which the future
had in store for me. I sat down on a stool, and it was the literal stool
of repentance to me. If I could only get on shore once more, I should
be willing to give my word never to go to sea as a sailor again.
Captain Farraday came below while I was there, but he said nothing
to me. He enclosed some papers in an envelope, and soon left me
alone.
He had hardly gone before Ben Waterford came out of the state-
room. He had changed his clothes, and looked more like a sailor than
before. When I first saw him, I recognized him as the "Mr. A.
McGregor" I had seen on board of the steamer. Of course I had no
more doubt that he had robbed me of my money. I concluded that he
had in some manner learned that I had it before he left St. Louis, and
had probably come on board of the boat to obtain it. He had shaved
off his whiskers, and taken other precautions to avoid recognition.
"Go in there, Phil," said he, pointing to the state-room he had just left.
"You and I have berthed together before, and we can do it again."
"I don't care about going on this voyage now, Mr. Waterford."
"Perhaps not; but you have shipped, and you are bound to go now."
"If you will let me off—"
"I have no time to talk now. Go in there. I shall know where to find you
when I want you."
"I was only going to say—"
"In there," said he, savagely; and he made a demonstration towards
me.
I concluded that it would be the safest way for me to obey, and I
entered the state-room. He closed the door behind me, and I heard
the bolt of the lock spring upon me. I was a prisoner, and Ben
Waterford intended that I should remain where I was till the bark was
in blue water. In a short time I heard the voice of the captain, giving
orders on the quarter-deck to get the vessel under way. I had nothing
to do but bewail my sad fate.
The state-room belonged to the chief mate. On a desk in the corner
was a volume lettered "Log-book." On the floor was Ben Waterford's
trunk, and I was almost sure I had seen it on board of the steamer on
the Ohio. I stooped down to look at it, in order to satisfy myself, for I
had nothing else to do. The key was in the key-hole. This was
certainly a great oversight on the part of the mate. He could not have
intended to leave his trunk open while I was a prisoner in his room;
but villains are always making blunders and mistakes.
I am willing to acknowledge that it is not right to retaliate for an injury;
but I at once decided to explore the trunk of Mr. Ben Waterford. I did
not intend to do so from motives of revenge, but simply in the
interests of justice, and with the hope that I might find my lost money.
I had been trying for years to be a Christian young man. I had been in
earnest, and every day I had read the New Testament, and
endeavored to follow its precepts and principles. I honestly believe, if
I could have performed a good service to the new mate, I should not
have hesitated to do it.
I opened the trunk, and lifted up the various articles which it
contained. Among other things, I found several bags of money—gold,
I concluded by the weight of them. I untied the strings of several of
them, and found that they contained English sovereigns and Spanish
doubloons. They were not mine, and I restored them. If I had known
then to what use they were to be applied, I should have felt justified in
throwing them all into the sea. I concluded that Waterford had
exchanged the money he had obtained by forgery in St. Louis for this
gold. I tied up each bag as I found it, and put it back in its place.
While I was thus engaged, I heard the creaking of the rigging, and the
bark had careened over so that I understood she was now going to
sea.
But I had not examined all the bags, and I continued my investigation.
Among them I found a quantity of coin tied up in a white linen
handkerchief. I removed the string, and was pleased to find that the
money consisted of American gold. I had counted my own coin times
enough to know exactly of what it consisted. There were sixty twenty-
dollar pieces and thirty ten-dollar pieces. It did not take me long to
count them, and the number corresponded to my own. I was satisfied
that this money was mine, though of course I could not identify all the
pieces. I should not have been willing to swear to any one of them,
though some had a very familiar look.
I claimed this gold, and being my own judge and jury, my claim was
allowed. It was possible that it was not mine; but the probabilities
were all in my favor. I decided to take possession, though it occurred
to me that I might as well take possession of the vessel, since I was
in the power of my enemy, and he could take it from me at his own
pleasure. I proceeded to tie up the handkerchief as I had found it,
when upon one corner of it I found the initials "P. F." These letters
certainly belonged to me, whether the gold did or not. They had been
worked in the linen by Mrs. Greenough, my excellent St. Louis
landlady. It was the counterpart of the others in my wardrobe; and it
was perfectly evident that Mr. Ben Waterford had stolen the
handkerchief from my trunk when he opened it to take out the gold. I
had not missed the handkerchief, but I identified it to my own
satisfaction. I thought that a less partial judge and jury would have
given me the verdict on this evidence, added to that I had before
obtained.
I put the gold into my coat pocket, hoping that my wits would enable
me to retain it through the vicissitudes which were before me. I had
recovered my money, but I cannot say that I felt much better than
before. It was like the yellow dross upon the desert island; I had no
opportunity to use it; but I felt that I was in better condition to escape
whenever an occasion should be presented. I put everything in the
trunk just as I had found it, except the portion that belonged to me. I
locked it, and then, having unscrewed the bull's eye, I opened it, and
dropped the key overboard.
By this time the bark was pitching in the billows, and I concluded that
we must soon be in "blue water." It grew dark in the state-room; but at
last the door opened, and the mate summoned me to appear on
deck.
CHAPTER IX.
IN WHICH PHIL FINDS HIMSELF RATED AS AN
ABLE SEAMAN IN THE PORT WATCH.
"We are in blue water, Phil," said Mr. Ben Waterford, as he opened
the door of the state-room. "I didn't know but you might want to take
a last look at the shores of your native land, as you are a little
sentimental, like all young monkeys when they go to sea for the first
time."
"Thank you; it is very kind of you to give me the opportunity to do
so," I replied.
"It may be a long time before you see it again."
"Neither of us may ever see it again."
"That's a good deal more likely to happen to you than to me."
"There's no knowing what may happen to either of us."
"Whatever happens to either of us, I want you to understand, in the
first place, Phil, that I am the mate of this vessel."
"I understand that already, and because I understood it, I wanted to
get out of the vessel."
"You didn't get out of her."
"Unfortunately I did not."
"I didn't mean you should," said the mate, chuckling over the
success of his efforts.
"I'm here, and I'm disposed to make the best of it."
"I have no doubt you will be meek enough now; but you needn't
attempt to play the hypocrite here. Your cant won't help you."
"Cant never helps any one."
"You are growing sensible as you grow older," said he, with a sneer.
"I see you have shipped as an able seaman."
"I was not aware that I had shipped in any particular capacity. I
signed the paper at the captain's request."
"You are a very innocent little lamb. Didn't you write able seaman
against your name?"
"I did not."
"Then somebody else wrote it there for you, because you neglected
to rate yourself."
"My signing the paper was a mere form. I came on board to work my
passage to Palermo; and the captain said he would let me go when
we got there."
"When we get to Palermo he will do so," chuckled the mate. "In the
mean time, as you are written down as an able seaman, we shall
regard you as such, and expect you to do duty as one."
I did not understand him then; but I afterwards learned that sailors,
when they ship, rate themselves as able seamen, ordinary seamen,
or boys, the latter term meaning green hands, whatever their age or
size. If a man claims to be an able seaman, he must do the work of
one; not only be able to hand, reef, and steer, but to perform all the
difficult problems in making and mending rigging. In a word, he must
be proficient in all the arts of seamanship. He receives the highest
rate of wages.
An ordinary seaman is required to hand, reef, and steer; to make the
usual knots, and to understand the ropes and sails so that he can
obey an order from the officers; but he is not expected to be
proficient in all the niceties of making and mending rigging. A boy, or
green hand, is not supposed to know anything except what is taught
him after he comes on board. It is a great nautical sin for a man to
ship above his proper rating. If he signs his name and takes his pay
as an able seaman when he is not competent to perform the work of
one, he is regarded as a cheat. As there are usually but few able
seamen in a ship, the work of one who has thus deceived the officer
has to be done by others, and he is generally punished severely for
the trick. The most unpopular hand before the mast is one who has
shipped above his rate; and all his shipmates feel that they have a
reasonable grudge against him.
The mate had evidently rated me on the ship's papers to suit himself,
intending thereby to draw down upon me the enmity of the crew. I
expected no favors from him, and was prepared to submit to any
indignities and hardships to which I might be subjected, consoling
myself with the belief that I had only three or four weeks of service in
the bark before me.
"I shall do my duty to the best of my ability," I continued. "I did not
expect to find you in the vessel, or I should not have been here."
"I suppose not; but I'm very glad you are here. I may say I wanted
you here, and it is not altogether by chance that you happen to be
here," he replied, shaking his head. "You have come athwart my
hawse once or twice too often, Phil."
"I have never had any malice or ill-will towards you."
"Tell that to the marines! If you had minded your own business, I
should have been a rich man, and the husband of Marian Collingsby
to-day. No matter, my lad; I mean to be both yet."
"I only did what I considered it my duty to do."
"None of your cant! I'm going to call all hands in a few minutes, and I
shall take care that you are in my watch."
"Wherever I am, I shall do the best I know how."
"You will wish you had always done so, and not meddled with my
affairs, before this cruise is up. You are not going to live in the cabin,
and have plum duff for dinner every day."
"I will submit as cheerfully as possible to my lot, whatever it may be."
Ben Waterford appeared to be angry because his threats did not
appall me. I hoped that God would give me strength to do my duty,
and enable me to bear all I might be called upon to endure. My tyrant
seemed to be disposed to torture me before he sacrificed me; but I
was determined not to be tortured by any mere words that he used. I
had already nullified a part of the mischief he had done me, for I had
my gold in my pocket. If I could retain this, my future seemed to be
tolerably secure.
"Do you know how you happen to be on board of this bark, Phil?"
said Waterford, the malice twinkling in his eye.
"The circumstances led me here."
"Not exactly! I led you here."
"Perhaps you did, for it looks now as though an evil spirit had guided
my steps."
"Good, Phil! That was well said. You hit the nail on the head. I won't
tell you yet where we are bound; but I must tell you that I saw you on
board of the ferry-boat when you came to New York, and that
Captain Farraday induced you to ship because I desired it. This will
be good news to you, and I wished you to know it. Before I have
done with you, I am going to teach you to mind your own business."
"You will find me a good scholar at that," I replied.
I asked no questions, as he evidently wished me to do. I had parted
with him when we left the Ohio, but I had no idea where he had been
since that time. His explanation showed me why Captain Farraday
had been so anxious to have me go with him, and I felt that I had
walked into the trap very blindly.
"That's all, Phil. We shall be even soon. Now we will go on deck.
Where's your trunk?"
"On deck, I believe."
I followed him on deck. The bark was under all sail, and driving
rapidly over the blue waves. Far away in the distance I saw some
hills, which the darkness soon shut out from my view. The drunken
crew had certainly improved wonderfully since I had seen them last,
for all were quiet and orderly. I found my trunk, and was ordered to
carry it to the forecastle. A bunk near the door was assigned to me,
and I put my trunk under it.
"How do you like this?" asked the mate.
"Very well," I replied.
"Very well? Is that the way you address your officer? If you ever
speak to me or the second mate without a 'sir,' you will get knocked
down for your impudence. Do you understand that?"
"I do, sir."
"That's better. Now open your trunk; and let's see what you have in
it."
"Open my trunk, sir!" I exclaimed, amazed at this requirement.
"Open it!" he added, sternly. "We look into every man's kit, to see
that he has no liquor concealed there."
I thought this was a reasonable requirement, after this explanation,
and I opened the trunk. The mate tumbled over my things very
rudely. I had tied up the relics of my childhood in little bundles, so
that he did not see their contents, and he only tossed them on the
deck. He picked up the bag which had contained my gold.
"What's this for?" he demanded.
"I had my money in it, sir."
"Where's your money now?"
"I lost it, sir."
"Lost it!"
"It was stolen from me, sir."
"Was it? Well, I hope you may find it again—that's all," chuckled he.
I made no answer; but I could not help foreshadowing the scene
when he examined the contents of his own trunk.
"Put back your duds, and stand by when all hands are called."
He left me, and I hastily restored my property to the trunk, and
locked it. I took up the bag which the mate had examined, and
dropped the handkerchief containing the gold into it. I dared not put
the treasure into my trunk, and I looked about me for some secure
place of deposit for it. An apartment frequented by twenty such men
as composed the crew of the Michigan was not a safe place for
fifteen hundred dollars in gold; but I had no alternative, and I thrust
the bag into a hole under my berth.
"All hands on deck!" shouted the second mate, whose name was
Tom York, though nautical courtesy compelled us to call him Mr.
York.
The men gathered in the waist, and the captain made a speech to
them, which I thought contained buncombe enough for a member of
Congress; but the speaker, whose grog had not been stopped, as
that of the crew had been, was still boozy. The men were then
divided into watches, the mates alternately selecting a hand until all
had been stationed.
"Call your man," said the captain to the chief mate.
"Phil Farringford, able seaman," replied Waterford.
"Your turn, Mr. York," added the captain.
"Ned Bilger."
"Jack Sanderson," continued the chief mate.
"Are you an able seaman, my hearty?" asked Sanderson, the man
who had been chosen second in the port watch with me.
"No, I am not. The mate is down upon me, and rated me as an able
seaman, because I did not know enough to rate myself," I replied.
"But we want the able seamen equally divided in the watches."
"The mate knows very well that I am not an able seaman," I added.
"Beg your pardon, Mr. Waterford, but this youngster says he's not an
able seaman," said Sanderson, stepping up to the mate.
"He shipped as such, and we take him at his word. You must do the
same."
"That will never do, my hearty," growled Sanderson to me.
"I can't help it."
"You are honest, my lad," said the old sailor, who was at least fifty
years old. "I don't see why the mate should make his first choice of a
youngster like you, though."
"I know something about a vessel, but not much. I am willing to do
what I can to learn; but I don't pretend to be what I am not."
"That's honest," added old Jack, slapping me on the back. "I'll make
an able seaman of you. There, pipe down. Now come with me, and
we will overhaul the matter."
I went to the forecastle with Sanderson, and told him my story, so far
as it related to my connection with the vessel.
CHAPTER X.
IN WHICH PHIL STANDS HIS WATCH, AND TAKES
HIS TRICK AT THE WHEEL.
Jack Sanderson was an old sailor. I had noticed, when I first came on
board of the bark, that he was very drunk. But he had a kind heart,
and was a person of great natural ability. If he had let liquor alone, he
might have been the master of a vessel. He was much interested in
my story, and gave me such good advice as the circumstances
required. He counselled me to obey the officers in all things, to be
respectful, and to perform every duty with care and attention. I had
already resolved to do all this, but I was strengthened by the advice
of the old salt.
"I'm afraid the captain won't discharge you when we get to Palermo,"
said Jack.
"Then I shall discharge myself," I replied, decidedly.
"That's easy to say, my hearty, but not always easy to do. You signed
the shipping papers."
"The captain told me that was a mere form, and that he would let me
go when the bark arrived at Palermo."
"Perhaps he will let you go, and then again perhaps he won't. You
can't always tell the night beforehand how the wind's going to blow.
You've walked right into a scrape, and all you can do is to make the
best of it."
"I intend to do that; and I think the best thing I can do will be to leave
when we reach Palermo."
"There goes one bell, and we must turn in, for we shall be tumbled
out at midnight," added Jack.
My bunk was next above that of my new friend. I knelt, as I always
did, before my bed, and prayed for strength and grace. I had been in
the habit of uttering my prayer audibly, and in a low tone. I did so on
the present occasion. The rest of the port watch had all turned in, and
most of them appeared to be snoring.
"So you say your prayers, Phil," said Jack Sanderson, as I climbed
into my berth.
Phil Prayed for Strength and Grace.
"Yes, sir; I always do that, and I do not feel like neglecting it here."
"That's right, my lad. I don't do so myself, but I like to see others do it;
I wish I could. I always feel safer in a vessel when somebody prays."
"If you think it is right to do so, I hope you will do it yourself."
"I don't think I could now. I was brought up to do so; but I've drank
liquor enough to float this bark from New York to Palermo, and that's
knocked all the good out of me."
"I would stop drinking liquor."
"Stop! But I'm an old sailor."
"Have you any liquor on board?"
"Not a drop."
"Then you will drink none on this cruise."
"Not a thimbleful."
"If you can get along without it for three or four weeks at sea, why can
you not do without it when you go ashore?"
"You are green, my lad. By the time you can take your trick at the
wheel, and parcel a stay, you will know all about it. But batten down
your peepers, and go to sleep, Phil."
It was not so easy for me to go to sleep after the excitement of the
evening, and I wasted half of my watch below in thinking over the
events of the day. Certainly I had enough to reflect upon, enough to
regret, and enough to dread in the future. I was completely in the
power of my enemy. I could only submit, and suffer. It was possible
that Captain Farraday, after he was sober, would save me from
absolute abuse; but I did not expect anything from him. I went to
sleep at last, because I could think of nothing to mitigate my hard lot.
"All the port watch!" rang through the forecastle before I was ready to
hear the call, for I had not slept two hours.
However, I was one of the first to hear the summons, because I had
no drunken debauch to sleep off. I turned out instantly, and shook
Jack Sanderson till he came out of his drunken stupor. He leaped
briskly from his bunk, and we were the first to report ourselves on
deck. The chief mate had not yet appeared, and I wondered whether
he had discovered the loss of a part of his specie. I expected a
tremendous storm when he ascertained that his ill-gotten gold had
disappeared. He could not unlock his trunk without the use of the
pick-lock; but, as he had found no difficulty in opening mine, I did not
think he would in opening his own. The only thing that troubled me
was the insecurity of the hiding-place I had chosen for my treasure. I
was looking for a better place, and I hoped the storm would not come
till I had found it.
The bark was still under all sail, with the wind from the south-west. I
noticed a change in the sails, and that the vessel rolled now, instead
of pitching. Either the wind had changed, or the course of the bark
had been altered; I could not tell which. I liked the motion of the
vessel; and, as she sped over the waves, I could have enjoyed the
scene if I had not been in the power of an enemy. While I was looking
at the sails and the sea, the chief mate came on deck. By this time
the starboard watch had roused their sleepy shipmates, and the
whole port watch were at their stations.
"Phil Farringford!" called the mate.
"Here, sir," I replied, stepping up to the quarter-deck; and I observed
that Jack Sanderson followed me as far as it was proper for him to
go.
"You are an able seaman, Phil; take your trick at the wheel."
"Ay, ay, sir," I replied, using the language I had heard others use
when ordered by an officer to do anything.
"Beg your pardon, sir; but Phil does not pretend to be an able
seaman," interposed my salt friend.
"Who spoke to you?" growled the mate. "Go forward, and when I
want anything of you I'll call for you."
"I only wanted to say, sir—"
"Shut up!"
Jack went forward, followed by a shower of oaths from the mate.
"Relieve the helm, Phil," repeated Waterford.
"Ay, ay, sir."
I went to the wheel.
"You are down on the shipping papers as an able seaman, and you
ought to be able to take your trick at the wheel."
"I will do the best I can, sir," I replied.
"You will steer the bark, or take the consequences," said the mate, as
if satisfied that he had put me in a position where I must make a
failure, and call down upon my head the wrath and contempt of my
shipmates.
There were but two able and three ordinary seaman in the port watch.
The others, like myself, were green hands, who had never stood at a
wheel. The five seamen, therefore, would be obliged to do all the
steering; and of course it put more of this duty upon them than the
other watch had, in which there were three able and three ordinary
seamen. Five men would have to do the work which properly
belonged to six; and these men, in the common course of life on
shipboard, would hate and annoy, to the best of their ability, the one
who imposed this extra labor upon them.
I had never steered at a wheel, but I was perfectly at home at the
helm of a yacht. I knew the compass, and understood when a sail
was drawing properly. Perhaps it was presumptuous in me, but I
made up my mind, when ordered to do it, that I could steer the bark.
She was going free, with the wind a little abaft the beam, and this
made it easy for a beginner. While I stood listening to the mate, I
noticed that the helmsman steered very "small;" indeed, the bark
seemed to take care of herself.
"South-east," said Ned Bilger, whom I relieved at the helm.
"South-east," I repeated, as I had heard the wheelman say when the
course was given to him.
I placed myself on the weather side of the wheel, and grasped the
spokes with a firm hand. Fixing my gaze upon the compass in the
binnacle, I determined to make a success of my first attempt to steer.
I was a mechanic, and I fully comprehended the working of the
machinery of the compass. All I had to do was to keep the point
south-east on the notch; or, in other words, to keep south-east in
range with the bowsprit. I was cool and self-possessed, for I felt that I
could do all that was required of me.
Waterford walked forward, as I took the helm, to look after the men.
Doubtless he expected the bark would come up into the wind in a
moment, and that he should have an opportunity to lay me out. I soon
found that the vessel carried a weather helm; or, if left to herself,
would throw her head tip into the wind. As the compass appeared to
turn, though in reality it was the bark that varied, I met her with the
helm. I steered small, thus avoiding the usual mistake of
inexperienced helmsmen; and I found that a single spoke brought the
compass back to its proper position. In five minutes I felt entirely at
home; but I thanked my stars that the bark did not happen to be
close-hauled, for, between laying a course and keeping all the sails
drawing, I should have been badly bothered.
As soon as I understood the wheel, I rather liked the work. I was so
interested in my occupation that I ceased to gape, and felt very much
like an old sailor. The mate, who was evidently waiting for me to
make a blunder, said nothing more to me. He occasionally walked aft
and glanced at the compass; but I was very careful not to let the bark
vary a hair from her course. As the mate said nothing, I imitated his
example. It is not proper for any one to talk to the man at the wheel,
and Waterford showed that he was a good officer by holding his
tongue. I kept up a tremendous thinking; and, among other things, I
tried to explain why, if the bark was bound up the Mediterranean, her
course was to the south-east. I knew about the variation of the
compass; but, as it was less than a point to the westward, it did not
account for the present course. My theory was, that the vessel ought
to be headed about east, in order to reach the Straits of Gibraltar. But
I did not venture to express any opinion on this subject to the captain
or the mate.
Waterford planked the deck, and I fancied that he was not at all
pleased to find that I could steer the bark. While I congratulated
myself that I was able to do so, I knew there were a hundred other
things I could not do, and therefore his revenge was only deferred for
a few hours. At four bells, Dick Baxter, one of the able seamen of our
watch, came aft and relieved me.
"What do you mean, Phil?" demanded Jack Sanderson, when I went
forward. "You said you wasn't a seaman."
"I never steered a square-rigged vessel before in my life," I replied. "I
have been at the helm of a yacht."
"You steered like an old sailor, my hearty, and kept her as steady as a
judge on the bench."
"I am going to do the best I can. I know something about a vessel, but
I have a great deal to learn."
"I'll learn you, my lad."
"Thank you. I shall be very grateful to you."
I spent the remaining two hours of my watch on deck in learning the
names and uses of the various ropes of the running rigging. I studied
on halyards, sheets, buntlines, and clew-garnets, and I thought I
made good progress. But the next day I was introduced to a cringle,
and found myself at fault.

2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section X Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels 1st Edition American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section X Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels 1st Edition American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel

Code Section X Fiber Reinforced Plastic

2017 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section X

2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII

2019 Asme Boiler And Pressure Vessels Code 1st Edition

2017 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Code Cases

2015 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V

2017 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII

2017 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section II

2017 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

2019 ASME Boiler &

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

ASME Collective Membership Mark

ASME Single Certification Mark

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix

Part RG General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

RM-150 Mechanical Properties of Lamina for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Article RF-5 Special Fabrication Requirements for Contact-Molding Process (Classes I

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

AD-300 Basic Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Copyright ASME International (BPVC)

Endnotes ....................................................... 266

M. Ishikawa, Chair W. M. Lundy J. F. Henry, Chair J. Grimes, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (BPV II)

China International Working Group (BPV II)

J. R. Foulds J. P. Swezy, Jr. S. Tan X.-H. Zhang

Executive Committee (BPV III)

Subcommittee on Design (BPV III)

"Is a forger," I shouted.

Phil Prayed for Strength and Grace.

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