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Molecular Techniques in Food Biology: Safety, Biotechnology, Authenticity and Traceability First Edition El Sheikha
Molecular Techniques in Food Biology: Safety, Biotechnology, Authenticity and Traceability First Edition El Sheikha
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Molecular Techniques in
Food Biology
Molecular Techniques in Food Biology
Safety, Biotechnology,
Authenticity and Traceability
Edited by
Robert Levin
University of Massachusetts
USA
Jianping Xu
McMaster University
Canada
This edition first published 2018
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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The right of Aly Farag El Sheikha, Robert Levin, and Jianping Xu to be identified as the authors of the
editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: El Sheikha, Aly F., editor. | Levin, Robert E., 1930– editor. | Xu, Jianping (Professor of Biology),
1965– editor.
Title: Molecular techniques in food biology : safety, biotechnology, authenticity and traceability /
edited by Aly Farag El Sheikha, Robert Levin, Jianping Xu.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2018. | Includes bibliographical
references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017040685 (print) | LCCN 2017047614 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119374596 (pdf ) |
ISBN 9781119374619 (epub) | ISBN 9781119374602 (cloth)
Subjects: LCSH: Food–Biotechnology. | Food–Safety measures. | Food–Microbiology.
Classification: LCC TP248.65.F66 (ebook) | LCC TP248.65.F66 M655 2018 (print) | DDC 664/.024–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017040685
Cover Design: Aly El Sheikha
Cover Images: (Background) © Max Krasnov/Shutterstock;(World map) © PASHA18/Gettyimages;(Fungus)
© KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Gettyimages;(Yeast cells) © Science Photo
Library – STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/Gettyimages;(Bacteria) © David Marchal/iStockphoto; (Virus)
© Antti-Pekka Lehtinen/iStockphoto;(Food) © margouillat photo/Shutterstock; (DNA) © Tribalium/
Shutterstock;(Metabolomic chromatogram, Genotyping example, and PCR-DGGE) Courtesy of Aly El
Sheikha
Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my beloved wife, Omnia who has been an excellent intellectual companion and
renewable source of inspiration for me
To my wonderful sons, Omar and Moaz who motivated me
Aly El Sheikha
vii
Contents
9 Assessment of the Microbial Ecology of Meat and Meat Products at the Molecular
Level: Current Status and Future Perspectives 215
Spiros Paramithiotis, Agni Hadjilouka, and Eleftherios H. Drosinos
9.1 Introduction 215
9.2 Extraction of Nucleic Acids 216
9.3 Microbial Communities Assessment 216
9.4 Detection of Selected Bacterial Target 220
9.5 Biodiversity Assessment 225
9.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 226
References 227
11 Molecular Techniques for the Identification of LAB in Fermented Cereal and Meat
Products 261
Malik Altaf Hussain
11.1 Introduction 261
11.2 Fermented Food Products 262
11.3 Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Foods 265
x Contents
Inedx 435
xiii
List of Contributors
and its geographical area of origin (European Commission 1992). To be eligible to use a
PGI, a product must meet two conditions.
●● It must have been produced in the geographical area whose name it bears. Unlike the
Protected Designation of Origin, it is sufficient that one of the stages of production
has taken place in the defined area. For example, the raw materials used in production
may have come from another region.
●● There must also be a link between the product and the area which gives it its name.
However, this feature need not be essential, as in the case of a designation of origin.
It is sufficient that a specific quality, reputation or other characteristic be attributable
to the geographical origin of a given product.
The PGI covers agricultural products and foodstuffs closely linked to the geographical
area. At least one of the stages of production, processing or preparation takes place
in the area. Typical products with recognized PGIs are Scotch beef from the UK, Calcot
de Valls (onion) from Spain, and Budějovické pivo (beer) from the Czech Republic
(Drivelos & Georgiou 2012).
Meri.
"Souda, souda kohti rantaa
Lapsi kulta luokse mun!
Kaikki tahdon anteeks antaa,
Sylihini nostan sun.
Anna aallon venhos kantaa
Kohti rantaa."
"Kotilaaksossasi näätkö,
Monta tulta tuikkivi?
Karkeloista kauvas jäätkö?
Tullos sinne sinäki.
Anna aallon venhos kantaa
Kohti rantaa."
***
Tuuli huokaa tuskiansa,
Aalto itkee rauhaton;
Vaan he helmihaudassansa
Uinuu luona Vellamon.
Runebergille.
Matkamuistelmia.
1. Hyvästi.
2. Tukholma.
3. Tervehdys Upsalalle.
Katsellessani, katsellessani
Harso haljeten jakaantui,
Silloin puoliksi, silloin puoliksi
Miekka välkkyvä paljastui.
Katkelmia.
Charlottelle.
Marialle.
Lauralle.
Vastasyntyneelle.
Morsian.
Eräs yö.
Tyttö.
Kööri (Maistereille).
Soolo.
Kööri.
Finale.
Ylioppilaslaulu.
J. L. Runebergin malja.