HOA HOC GEN ALPHA ‘DE THI THU HOC SINH GIO! TINH 2024 i MON THI — HOA HOC 10 Ngay thi: 29/03/2024 hoi gian am bai: 150 phat (khdng ke thd’ gian giao ad ian oe ‘6 thi g6m c6 10 cau, in trong 6 trang EN ALPHA Cho cae hang sé vat It sau. 86 Avogadro Na = 6,022.10%, dan vi khi lugng nguyén ti 1 amu = 1,6605.10 g, don vi d6 dai 1 nm = 10%m, hang s6 Planck h = 6,625.10 J, hing s6 khi R = 0,082 litatry(mol.K) = 8,314 J/(moLK), ap suat khi quyén P = 1 atm = 101325 Pa, ap suat chudn P = 1 bar = 100000 Pa, nhigt a6 thang Celsius 06 = 273K, dan vi nang luong (electron-valt): 1eV BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ACS |, PERIODICTABLE OF ELEMENTS Chemistry for Life™ ras ar CIES aoa aka me ra aCeoco eae Ho | Er Pano bone PTE ee LU ee LU eMac em ceaCau t (2 ciém): 41. Trong phan ting thé gida methane CHs va chlorine Cle, bude au tin la qua tinh bé gay lin Két CL-CI tao thanh géc ty do CI* nh sau: CCl Ci'+ Cl Ey CCI = 242 ki/mol Tinh toan bude sng cila photon anh sang (theo nm) dé c6 thé pha v6 lién két trong phan ti Cl. tao thanh cac géc tu do CI trén, lam tron chinh xac toi 1 chi s6 sau dau phdy. 2, Theo m6 hinh mau — v6, proton va neutron trong hat nhén cing duge sap xép va chim kan uot vvao cc quy dao riéng ging nhu cach sép xép céc electron vao ting quy dao trong Idp vé. Nhing dng vi nguyén t6 trong het nhan c6 chia s6 lung proton hay neutron toi uu ~ hay con gol la “s6 diéu ki" sé bén ving, bao gém cdc con sé sau: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 va 126. Nhing ‘d6ng vj sé hu *s6 digu ki kép” tc la ¢6 cd s6 proton va neutron déu nm trong day “s6 dieu ki" thm chi con bén vang hd nhi Xa dinh nhitng déng vi sé hau “s6 diéu ki kép" trong day cc déng vi sau (Khéng can gidi thich): $He, SLi, '30, 35Ca, 5$Ca, 53Ni, “iSPb, “isPb Cau 2 (2 diém): 1. Can bang cae phudng trinh hat nhan sau: 28U 4 Jn 7-+ "ND +3,in Bers {He > in+? Sex 2H 97+ Mn 461+ He > 0g +? 2. Nguoi ta nhan thay rng nudc trong hé co téc 46 phan ra phong xa cia 2°°Ra la 6,7 nguyen td. phat’, (100L"). Qué frinh nay sinh ra dng vi “2Rn c6.hoat a6 phong xa la 4,2 nguyen tl. phat ',(100L"). 06 phong xa cia cc déng vi nay khong thay déi theo thai gian, béi vi mét phén Rn sinh ra tid qua trinh phan ra °**Ra lal bi mat di béi mot qué trinh chua xac dinh dude. a) Tinh néng 6 ciia Rn (dn vi mol/L) b) Tinh hang 86 t6c 66 k ( don vi phit) cla qué trinh chua xéc dinh dugc 6 trén. Biét qua ‘trinh nay tuan theo quy luat dong hoc cua phan ting bac 1. Cau 3 (2 diém): 1. Ailuc electron (electron affinity) la nang lugng gidi phong ra khi nguyén ti nhan vao 1 electron 06 tao thanh ion am (anion): Xwtle+X@ Ea <0 GUN rc sie QUA Ie CU AOAiluc electron (Ess) cia cae nguyén t6 halogen duge téng hyp trang bang sau (don vi eV): Nguyen t6 F cl Br ' Ai luc electron “ “ ‘ “3,29 Ea (ei) 3,58 3,81 3,56 Gia thich ngdn gon >t hudng bién d6i i lye electron ciia cdc nguyén t6 halogen. Cho biét vi sa0 di lye electron etia Cl lal m nhat trong dy, 2, Xae dinh dang hinh hoc phan ti cla cée chat sau day theo md hinh VSEPR: XeFs, SO:Cle, Brfs, Neb. Cau 4 (2 éiém): 1. Nguyén 16 vang (gold) Au két ti trong mang tinh thé kim loai theo céu tric lap phudng tam din vei Khai ludng riéng cia nguyén t6 d = 19,4g/cm?. Bit rang Kh6i ludng nguyén td cla Au bing 196,97 g/mol, hay tinh ban kinh nquyén tu cla Au (don vi pm), fam tron tdi mét cha so sau dau phay. Xac dinh trang thai fai héa cia nguyén ti! trung tam trong cde phan ti dui day: BeHe, SOs, PCls, HSOsF. Cau 5 (2 diém): 1. Xay dung gidn 46 MO cho phan tt Hea, ti d6 gid thich vi sao phan ti Hee khong tén ta. 2. Cain bang cdc phuong trinh héa hoc sau theo phuong phap thang bang electron: Ps + NaQH —+ NaHsPO2+-PHs = PbQ2 + Mn(NOsje + HNOs —> Pb(NOs)2 + HNInOs + H20 ~ NHel + HeS0s —+ NH:HSOs + le + HeS + Ho0 ~ KslFe(CN)e] + HCI + KWInOs — Ko(F@(CN)s] MACK + KCI + He0 Cau 6 (2 Giém): 1. Dé xae dinh néng d6 cia sodium hypochlorite NaCIO trong mot méu thud téy, mot quy trinh ‘dig tin hanh theo ede bude sau: = Bude 1: Lay chinh xc 10,0 mL méu thude téy cén xc dinh néng d NaCIO vao binh non cha lugng du dung dich chia KI trong moi trudng acid (HeSO.) thy idl phéng iodine la. GUN etc a eV) eM Ir CUA OA= Bu6c 2: Ton b6 Iudng iodine le sinh ra ti’ phan ting trén duge chun 46 voi dung dich ‘sodium thiosulfate NaeS2Os 0,010M thi thdy tu thy hét 20,2 ml. thuée thi. Xéc dinh nding 6 (mg/mL) cla NaCIO trong méu thuée téy n6i tren, 2. Da vao céc di kién nhiét dng hoc dui day két hop xy dung chu trinh Born ~ Haber, hay tinh toan enthalpy hinh thanh chudn AiH°29e cua SrCle: = Nang lugng mang lu6i tinh thé cla SrCle (LE) SrCle = -2150 ki/mol. = Enthalpy nhigt thang hoa chuyén Sr tr thé rén sang thé khi: Sr(s) > Sr(g):_AHYnngnoa Sr = 164 Ki/mol, Nang Wong phn li lin két CI-Cl trong Cl: cl-Ci— 201 Ey CECI = 242,0 ku/mol ~ Nang lugng ion héa thd nhat, thd hai cua Ba: Sr Sr + te: hSr= 549 ki/mol Srt—+ Sr? + te: leSr = 1064 ki/mol - Ailc electron cita Cl: Cl+ te Cr: EC! = -349,0 ki/mol Cau 7 (2 aiém): 41, Tinh toan nding fufgng lién Két Eo (ki/mol) cia lién Két don O-H trong ethanol CHsCH:0H dua vvao cae di kign sau: Higu ting nhigt phan ting chay cia ethanol CHsCH2OH 9 6 diéu kién chu ~ Nhiét tao thanh chudn cila HoOqy: -285,8 ki/mol. Nhigt tao thanh chudn cia COa(y: -393,5 ki/mol. Nhigt thing hoa ciia than Chi Cyopie: 710,6 ki/mal. Nang lugng lign két C-H:.414 kJ/mol, Nang lugng lién két C-C: 347 ki/mol. Nang lugng lién két C-0: 358 ki/mol Nang lugng lién két O=0: 498 kJ/mol. Ning wong lién két H-H: 432 ku/mol. Xét phan ting nhiét phan mercury (I) oxide thanh kim loai Hg va gidi phOng ki oxygen O2 voi cae ds kién nigt dong sau: 2Hg0 to) + 2Hg 9 + O2 @ }370 kJ/mol Hop chat Hg0 () Hg a 02 @ ‘AtH?2o9 (ki/mol) 90,5 0 0 Sop (J.mol".K") ma 75,9 205,2 GUN rec si) eee er EO ACOa) Tinh bién thién enthalpy, bién thign entropy A:HP2se, AvS°2se cia phan Ung 6 25°C. b) Xae dinh mée nhiét 46 (°C) ma HgO bat dau bj nhigt phan hy thanh kim loai va gial pphong khi oxygen. Cau 8 (2 diém): 1. Thém 9 gam hoi nude dang dugc duy tr 6 373K vao hén hgp gém 18 gam nude da va 45 gam niuéc léng dang dat cdn bang d 273K. BO qua su trao adi nhigt voi moi trudng, tinh nhigt d6 cui cing cia hén hop, cho bist: Nhigt héa hol cia nuéc long 1a 44,1 ki/mol ~ Nhigt néng chay cia nude di la 6,01 ki/mol = Nhiet dung riéng dng ép cla nude long: 75,3 J.mot".K"* Xét phan dng sau xay ra trong dung dich nude: le + HPO(OH): + HzO —+ PO(OH)s + 2H* + 2 (1) cé cd ché phan tng dude dé xuat nhu sau: HPO(OH)2 = P(OH)s Can bang nhanh P(OH)s + lk IP(OH): + F Phan ting cham IP(OH), + H20 —+ PO(OH)s + 2H* +f Phan ting nhanh Viét phucng trinh tée dé phan ting cia phan dng (1) phi hop véi ed ché dé xuat trén, Cau 9 (2 diém): 1, Phan Gng thy phan methyl chloride CHCl trong dung dich NaOH dug biéu dién theo phan ting sau: CHCl y + NAOH (aq + CHsOH aa) NaCl a) Hang s6 t6c d0 phan Ung k cila phan ding thily phan lan ludt bang 3,32.10° s* 6 25°C va 3,193.10 s" 6 40°C. Xac din nang Iugng hoat héa Es (kd/mol) cla phan dng, . Trong s6 cac carbonyl halide COXe ngudi ta chi diéu ché duge 3 chat: carbonyl fluoride COF2, carbonyl chloride COCle va carbonyl bromide COBro. a) Vi sao khdng cO hgp chat carbonyl iodide COk? b) So sanh goc lién két d céc phan ty carbonyl halide da biét. POEM ee LOM Ree Om Ae ome Ons(Cau 10 (2 diém): Hoa tan 0,835 gam hén hgp X gdm NaHSOs va NaeSOs trong dung dich HeSO. du, {dun néng, Cho tat c& luong khi sinh ra hdp thy vao trong dung dich Bre thy dugc 500 mL dung dich A. ‘Thém KI vao 50 mL dung dich A, luong |; sinh ra tac dung vila di voi 12,5 mL dung dich NaoSzOs 0,01 M. Néu suc khi No d dui hét Bre du trong 25 mL dung dich A thi dung dich B thu duge trung hoa vila dil voi 15 mL dung dich NaOH 0,1M. a) Tinh néng 6 mol ca dung dich Bre ban dau, ) Tinh phan tram kh6i lugng cae mudi trong hén hyp X. UNI Toc a eA A LAC ACCORHOA HOC GEN ALPHA DE THI THU HOC SINH GIO! TINH 2024 MON THI — HOA HOC 11 + Ngay thi: 20/01/2024 Thoi gian lm bai: 150 phat (khding ké thd” gian giao dé ven abe ‘Dé thi gdm c6 10 cau, in trong 5 trang GEN ALPHA, Cho cae hang s6 vat i sau. hang s6 khi R = 0,082 lit.atm/(mol.k) = 8,314 J/(mol.K), ap suat khi quyén P = 1 atm = 101325 Pa, ap suat chun P = 1 bar = 100000 Pa, nhiét 46 thang Celsius 0°C = 273,15K. Cau t (2 ciém): 1. Khia hit d6, khi nitrogen dioxide NO2 c6 mau nau dé chuyén héa dan than khi NoOs khong mau theo can bang thuan nghich sau: 2NO2 (g) = N2Os (9) (1) Gia tr] AiH°2es, S°2s8 ella cae chat trong can bang dude téng hgp trong bang dudi day: Chat ‘AiH?229 (Kd/mol) Sse (W/mol.K) NO2 33,20 240,10 NoOs 14,10 304,40 a) Tinh ning lung ty do Gibbs 4,G%oua phan Ung (1) 6/298K, Tinh hang s6 can bang Ke cba phan ting (1) & 298K. 2. Trong quy trinh téng hgp sulfuric acid H2S0s, sv chuyén hda SOz thanh $03 dng vai tro quan trong, dude biéu dién theo can bang thuan nghjch sau: 2802 (Q) + Oz (Q) = 280s (9) Trong mét binh chan khong thé tich 2,0L 6 723K, ban déu c6 0,01 mol $02 va 4.10% mol Os. Khi cn bang dude thiét lap, ap suat trong binh P = 0,32 atm. Tinh hang s6 can bing Ky va a6 cchuyén hoa cia S02 sau phan dng, Cau 2 (2 diém): 1. Orthophosphorie acid hay H:POs la mot acid nhiéu néc duge sit dung rong rai trong nganh cong nighigp thuc phém vol vai rola chat diéu chinh a6 pH, diéu chinh vi chua cho thyc phém va dé GUN Tec sve ee A Ce CO AORuding (ma phy gia £338). Dung dich A chila orthophosphoric acid HPO; véi néng 46 0,15, mol/L. Tinh pH cla dung dich A. . Trong co thé ngudi, hé dém phosphate H,PO;/HPO?- déng mét vai tro quan trong trong viée kiém soat pH cla dich dém 6 dng than va cae dich bén trong té bao. Hé dém, hay dung dich ‘dém dug hiéu 18 nhiing dung dich c6 kha nang dléu chinh sao cho pH cia hé it thay di ki ‘ai phong hay thu nhén proton, nh&m dm bao diéu kién thuan loi cho cae phan tng sinh hoa tal khodng pH xc dinh, Mot dung dich dém phosphate dugc chudn bj bang cach hoa tan 17,4 gam mudi potassium hydrogen phosphate K:HPOs va 13,6 gam mu6i potassium dihydrogen phosphate - KH.POs vio 1000,0 mL nuéc. Tinh pH ciia dung dich dém phosphate 6 trén, chap nhan thé tich dung dich dém thu duc sau khi pha khing déi. Dai luong dac tring di vdi céc dung dich démy/ he dém la d@m nang: dugc dinh nghia ka s6 mol base manh (acid manh) c&n cho vao 1,0L dung dich dém dé tam tang (giém) 1 don vi pH = Mase) __ se) pH pH ‘D6i vai dung dich dém co thanh phan dan acid yéu va base lién hp thi dém ning co thé dude tinh todn theo céng thie sau: N 2 Tinh dém nang peta dung dich dém phosphate 6 tren ~ Tinh su thay di pH ApH cla dung dich dm phosphate d trén kh: thém 0,1 mol HCI, thém 0,1 mol NaOH vad dung dich dgm phosphate 6 trén, Cho biat hang s6 phan li acid cae néc cia orthophosphoric acid HsPOs: pKay = 2,15, pao = 7,21, pkss = 12,32, Cau 3 (2 diém): 1, TrOn 5,0 mL dung dich BaCl, 5.10°M voi 15,0 mL dung dich NaoCOs 8.10-'M. Tinh ton va xac inh ligu c6 két tia BaCOs tach ra khdng ? Cho biét tich s6 tan Ksp BaCO; = 10%, hang s6 tao philc hydroxo cia Ba** *B= 10°96, hang s6 phan li acid clia HeCOs Kar = 10°, Kap = 10°93, 2, Trong dung dich nude, ion Fe** tén tai dudi dang hexahydrate [Fe(H,0)$*], bi thiy phan va co kha ning tao thanh phue hydroxo, dude bigu dién bang qua trinh sau: (Fe(H,0)$"] = [Fe(t,0),(OH)F* + H+ *B) = 1027 POM een LOM Uke MMO A aceonDung dich A cha Fels néng 46 0,10 mol.L". Hay tinh toan: ~ pH ciia dung dich va ti @ Fe** bi thay phan trong dung dich A néi tn, ~ pH dé Fe(OH)s bait du két tia va két tia hodn toan tif dung dich A. Biét ring mot ion duge coi fd da toan hoan toan khdi dung dich khi néng 46 cila ion 46 nhd hdn 10° mol.L”, tich 6 tan cia Fe(OH)s Ksy = 10%” Cau 4 (2 diém): Mudl A la hgp chat ion, c6 mau trang, khong vat cla A trong ty nhién dugc gol la “Diém tu Chile”. Nhigt phn mudi A trong khong khi thu duc chat rén AT va khi khong mau B c6 kha ‘nang lam biing chay que dém tan. Khi cho AY phan ting véi dung dich chia hn hdp Hl va HeSOs, thu ddulge san phém bao gém loctine la, nude, mudi € va khi khong mau A2, A2 nhanh chéng bj hda nau trong khong khi tao thanh khi AB 6 mau nau dé. Khi cho A3 téc dng vai dung dich KOH thu duge én hhgp 2 mudi Ad va AB. Xéc dinh cong thu hoa hoc cia cac chat A, A1, A2, A3, Ad, AS, B, C va trang thai lal hda cla nguyén ti trung tim trong A2, A, Cu 5 (2 diém): Tennantite [a mot khong vat mau xém tucng d6i hiém gap trong ty nién véi cau tric ti dign, Dé xac dinh céng thle hoa hoc cia tennantite, mot quy trinh duge thyc hign nh sau: ~ D6t chay hoa toan 1,00 g tennantite trong luéng oxygen du thu dude khi AT va hén hgp 2 oxide nguyen 16 B va C. Trén toan b6 ludng khi AY voi khdng khi du, dun néng t6i 450-500°C, xuc tac vanadium (V) oxide thu duge A2 la mot oxide, phan tng clla A2 vao nude thu dude AS la mét acid. Khi cho A3 tae dung ‘i lugng du dung dich barium hydroxide Ba(OH)e thu dugc két tia trang Ad c6 khéi lugng Ia 2,069. Xil li hén hgp 2 oxide nguyén t6 B va C véi ludng than chi du, dun néng thu duge 0,203 gam chat ran mau xam la don chat nguyén t8 X, 0,516 gam chat ran mau dé la dan chat nguyén t6 ¥ va 300 ml khi CO 4.27,4°C va 1,013 atm, ac din obng thie hoa hoc iia A, A2, A3,A4, BC, X, ¥;tennantite; biét ing trong B phan tram hdl ludng cia X la 75,74% va viét cc phudng trinh ha hoc cia phan ting xay ra. Cau 6 (2 diém): 41. Viet phudng trinh ion rit gon va can bang phan tng theo phuldng phap can bang ion — electron cho cae phan ung sau: $02 + KMnOy + HsO —+ KeSOx + MnSO, + HeSOs (H2S0s la acid phan li hoan toan nde 1 va phan ll y6u d nc 2) b) Zn + NaNOs + NaOH —+ NaxZnOe + NH3 + H2O ©) Ps+ AgNOs + HoO — Ag + HsPOs + HNO: d) FeSe + HNOs —> Fe(NOs)s + H’SO; + NO + HeO (H2S0s 18 acid phan ti hodn toan néc 1 va phan ll yéu d nc 2) POEM ee LOM kee Om Aer me com) a)2. Viét phudng tri phan ting héa hoc minh hoa cho cae thi nghigm sau: = Cho ti ti mui sodium bromide NaBr rén vao 6ng nghigm chia dung dich sulfuric acid H2S0, dam dc, dun néng. = Nhigt phn mudi mercury (I) nitrate Hg(NOs)e trong khéng Khi. ~ Hea tan b6t kim loai zine Zn vao dung dich hydrazoie acid HNs lodng. - Thém titi dung dich ammonia NHs t6i du vao dung dich copper (I) sulfate CuSOs, Cau 7 (2 6iém): 1. Avobenzone va dioxybenzone la hai hoat chat phé bién vai vai tro la thanh phan chéng nang ha hoc trong kem chéng nang gitip bao vé da Khoi tac hai cla tia UVA co bude séng dai (315 — 380 nm), c6 céng thie edu tao thu gon nha duge cho dui day: o 9 OH 9 On Hsco~ . v ~e(CHs)s Hsco~ E C Avobenzone Dioxybenzone Dua vao cau tric phan td, dy doan vé kha nang chdng ria trdi dui nudc khi di bai cba mai loai Kem chéng nang duoc sti dung chita tiing hoat chat nay. 2. Sap xép tinh acid cia céc hp chat sau theo chiéu tang dén cia tinh acid va gidithich, ° dy he Mm A, cr at 2, a3 aM Cau 8 (2 diém): Dé xuat co ché phan ung cho nhing chuyén héa sau: Ph on _H:S0. 20% Pg ou De 1.0 Ph Ph i Le 0 a NaOMe. MagH 2 55°C PMT ence LOM Ree OR A ome Om(Cau 9 (2 diém): Hop chat A (CicHs0) c6 tinh quang hot, trén phé héng ngoai IR cho hap thy mann © ving 3400-3200 cm". A tham gia phin Ung iodoform nhung khong phan ung véi 2.4- Ginitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). A tac dng véi ozone r6i cho sén phém sinh ra tac dung véi ZHs0* thi dude B (CeHio0) va C (CaHe0.). Ca B va C déu tac dung voi 2.4-DNPH, nhung chi riéng tic dung dude v6i thude thi Tollens. Nitro hoa B bang HNOs vé ly thuyét co thé sinh ra D va E nung thye thé chi dugc D. San phém ciia phan ting gida C vai thud thi Tollens duge acid hoa r6i dun néng thi sinh ra F (CeHe0.) (trén phd IR Khong co hap thy 6 ving trén 3100 cnr) . Hay xéc dinh cau tao cc chat A, B,C, D, Eva F. Cu 10 (2 diém): Arpiprazole vai ten thuong mai la Abilfy®, fa hoat chat duge su dung trong vige diéu tri ching r6i loan cm xtic lung cyc ho&c tam thén phan ligt. Quy trinh tng hgp Aripiprazole dug ghi lai theo so dé sau: (CHico,0 NBS CHHICOOEN» 4.0" com SC ne ee So Hono, Prine BION 28 wt, 2 2 4-methy/-3-nitrophenol cl 1uNHOss K00 2.0cc EIOH, H280,, Br(CH.),8r —— 14 5 Aripiprazole NBS = pr DCG = Co aN EP) Cho biét: ° ae dinh céng thie cu tao (bé qua yéu t6 Kap thé) ciia cdo chat ti A1 tdi AB. GUS Htc si) eA Ir CO AR