PLANNING 1

GARDEN STYLES

A. English garden style

B. French formal garden style
C. Italian garden style
D. Chinese garden style
E. Japanese (dry) zen garden style

Gardens
• Are outdoor spaces that are intentionally
designed, cultivated, and maintained for various
purposes, including aesthetic enjoyment,
relaxation, recreation, food production, and
habitat creation.

• Gardens can vary widely in scale, style, and

function, ranging from small urban courtyards to
expansive botanical gardens and public parks.
Gardens
• Gardens and architecture is
deeply intertwined, as both
disciplines share a common
goal of shaping and
enhancing the built
environment to improve the
quality of human life.

• What ways do gardens and

architecture intersect?

Gardens
Design Integration
• Architects often incorporate garden spaces into
the overall design of buildings and landscapes to
create seamless transitions between indoor and
outdoor environments.
• Elements such as courtyards, terraces, atriums, and
green roofs are integrated into architectural
designs to provide residents, workers, and visitors
with access to nature and outdoor amenities.
Gardens
Spatial Organization
• Gardens and landscapes play a vital role in
shaping the spatial organization of
architectural settings.
• They define circulation patterns, create focal
points, establish visual axes, and provide
spatial hierarchy within a site.
• For example, gardens may be strategically
located to frame views, buffer noise, or
provide privacy for building occupants.

Gardens
Aesthetic Enhancement
• Gardens contribute to the
aesthetic quality of architectural
environments by adding color,
texture, scent, and movement.
• Thoughtfully designed gardens can
enhance the visual appeal of
buildings and landscapes, creating
harmonious compositions that
evoke a sense of beauty, tranquility,
and inspiration.
Gardens
Environmental Sustainability
• Gardens and landscapes play a crucial role in
promoting environmental sustainability
within architectural projects.
MUICH

• They help mitigate urban heat island effects, -~•[~!ION SCIL

GAA\'1LMSC

improve air quality, manage stormwater PW'OU"'B) Pl'{

runoff, support biodiversity, and provide

habitat for wildlife.
• Sustainable landscape practices such as
xeriscaping, native plantings, and rainwater
harvesting are often integrated into
architectural designs to reduce environmental
impact and enhance ecological resilience.

Gardens
Environmental Sustainability
• Gardens and landscapes play a crucial role in
promoting environmental sustainability within
architectural projects.
• They help mitigate urban heat island effects,
improve air quality, manage stormwater runoff,
support biodiversity, and provide habitat for
wildlife.
• Sustainable landscape practices such as
xeriscaping, native plantings, and rainwater
harvesting are often integrated into
architectural designs to reduce environmental
*Xeriscaping is the process of landscaping, or gardening,
impact and enhance ecological resilience. that reduces or eliminates the need for irrigation
Gardens
Cultural and Symbolic Significance
• Gardens are often imbued with cultural,
historical, and symbolic meanings that
reflect the values, beliefs, and traditions of
society.
• Architectural projects may incorporate
gardens and landscapes that celebrate
local heritage, commemorate significant
events, or convey symbolic messages.
• For example, traditional Japanese tea
gardens are designed to facilitate ritual tea
ceremonies and evoke principles of
harmony, respect, and mindfulness.

Garden Styles
A. English garden style
B. French formal garden style
C. Italian garden style
D. Chinese garden style
E. Japanese (dry) Zen garden style
Garden Styles
English garden style
History
• The English garden style emerged during the 18th
century in England.
• It was influenced by the naturalistic landscape
paintings of artists like Capability Brown and the
ideals of the Romantic movement, which valued the
picturesque and the sublime.

Garden Styles
English garden style
Key Elements
English gardens are characterized by their informal,
naturalistic design.
• They often feature sweeping lawns, winding pathways,
mixed borders of herbaceous plants and shrubs, ponds
or streams, and a blend of formal and informal
elements.
Example
• The Garden at Sissinghurst Castle in Kent, England, is a
quintessential example of an English garden.
• Designed by Vita Sackville-West and Harold Nicolson,
it features informal planting schemes, brick pathways,
and picturesque views.
Garden Styles
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French Formal Garden Style
History
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French formal gardens, also known as "jardins • • . ~·Iii:!!! .
a la franc;aise,• originated in the 17th century
during the reign of King Louis XIV of France.
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• They were inspired by classical principles of
order, symmetry, and geometry, as well as by
the Renaissance gardens of Italy. I ~

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Garden Styles
French Formal Garden Style
Key Elements
• French formal gardens are characterized by their
symmetrical layout, geometrically shaped beds,
precisely trimmed hedges, ornate parterres, grand
avenues, fountains, and statues.
• They often create a sense of grandeur and formality.
Example
• The Gardens of Versailles in France are perhaps the
most famous example of French formal gardens.
• Designed by landscape architect Andre Le Notre, the
gardens boast grand avenues, geometrically shaped
beds, ornamental lakes, and numerous sculptures.
Garden Styles
Italian Garden Style
History
• Italian garden style has its roots in ancient Roman
and Renaissance traditions.
• It reached its zenith during the Renaissance period
in Italy, where it was heavily influenced by classical
Roman garden design principles and humanist
ideals.

Garden Styles
Italian Garden Style
Key Elements
• Italian gardens typically feature formal layouts with
symmetrical designs, terraces, clipped hedges, formal
parterres, statues, fountains, and water features.
• They are often arranged to create vistas and
perspectives, emphasizing harmony with nature.
Example
• The Bobo Ii Gardens in Florence, Italy, exemplify Italian
garden style.
• Dating back to the 16th century, these gardens
showcase terraced slopes, elaborate fountains,
manicured hedges, and a diverse collection of
sculptures. _ .: zzmr .,
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Garden Styles
Chinese Garden Style
History
• Chinese garden style has a long history
dating back thousands of years.
• It evolved from the ancient traditions of
Chinese landscape painting and poetry
and reached its peak during the Ming
and Qing dynasties.

Garden Styles
Chinese Garden Style
Key Elements
• Chinese gardens emphasize harmony with nature and
often incorporate elements such as rocks, water
features, pavilions, bridges, and winding pathways.
• They are designed to evoke natural landscapes and
may include symbolic features such as the "Three
Friends of Winter· (pine, bamboo, and plum).
Example
• The Classical Gardens of Suzhou in China, such as the
Humble Administrator's Garden, exemplify traditional
Chinese garden style.
• These gardens feature winding paths, picturesque bridges,
pavilions, ponds filled with lotus flowers, and meticulously
arranged rocks and plants.
Garden Styles
Chinese Garden Style
History
• Zen gardens, also known as "karesansui"
gardens, originated in Japan during the
Muromachi period (14th-16th centuries).
• They were created by Zen Buddhist monks
as places for meditation and
contemplation.

Garden Styles
Japanese (Dry) Zen Garden Style
Key Elements
• Zen gardens are minimalist in design and typically
consist of carefully arranged rocks, gravel, or sand
raked into patterns resembling ripples in water.
• They may also include sparse plantings such as moss
or sma II trees.
Zen gardens aim to evoke abstract landscapes and
create a sense of tranquility and harmony.
Example
• The Ryoan-ji Temple in Kyoto, Japan, is renowned for its
Zen rock garden.
• Comprising 15 carefully placed rocks set within a bed of
raked gravel, the garden invites contemplation and
meditation in a serene setting.
 PLANNING 1

The Site Development Plan

A. Design SDP

B. Working Drawings SDP

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Site Analysis
is a comprehensive examination and evaluation of a
specific piece of land or area with the aim of water
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about the site's physical, environmental, cultural, social,
and economic aspects.
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Sieve Mapping
• Sieve Mapping is the process of site
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planning where you put one map
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different phenomena.
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showing characteristics of land which
render it unsuitable for a particular
purpose; such characteristics are
termed constraints.
Sieve Mapping
• Map 2. Recreation - the darker the
• Map 1. Conservation - the darker the tone the better the area for
tone the more suitable the land for recreation.
conservation purposes.

Sieve Mapping
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 HARMFUL

SWOT ANALYSIS
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SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths:

• Internal attributes and features of the site that

provide advantages or opportunities for
development.
• This could include factors such as favorable
topography, good soil quality, proximity to
transportation networks, availability of utilities, or
existing infrastructure that can be leveraged.

Weaknesses:

• Internal factors or limitations of the site that may

pose challenges or constraints to development.
• Weaknesses could encompass issues such as
poor drainage, steep slopes, soil contamination,
lack of access to utilities, zoning restrictions, or
historical preservation requirements.
 SWOT ANALYSIS
Opportunities

• External factors or opportunities in the broader context

surrounding the site that could be beneficial for its
development.
• Opportunities might include market demand for certain types
of developments, potential partnerships with neighboring
properties, government incentives or grants, or changes in
zoning regulations that favor the intended use of the site.

Threats

• External factors or risks that could potentially impede or

undermine the success of the site development.
• Threats could include environmental hazards such as floods
or wildfires, encroaching development that may impact the
site's character or accessibility, changes in regulatory
requirements, or economic downturns that affect market
demand for developed properties.

SWOT ANALYSIS
National Government Administrative Center
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Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

SITE PLANNING
Site Analysis Cultural Factors: Aesthetic Factors:
Natural Factors: 1. Existing Land Use 1. Natural Feature
1. Geology 2. Traffic and Transit 2. Spatial Pattern
2. Geomorphology System 3. Visual Resource
3. Hydrology 3. De~sity and Z<:>ning
4. Vegetation 4. Socio Economic
5. Wildlife Factor 1
6. Climate 5. Utilities
6. Historic Factors
SITE PLANNING
Site Analysis Cultural Factors: Aesthetic Factors:
Natural Factors: 1. Existing Land Use 1. Natural Feature
1. Geology 2. Traffic and Transit 2. Spatial Pattern
2. Geomorphology System 3. Visual Resource
3. Hydrology 3. De~sity and Z<:>ning
4. Vegetation 4. Socio Economic
5. Wildlife Factor
6. Climate 5. Utilities
6. Historic Factors

SITE PLANNING

Site Planning is defined by

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Kevin Lynch as the art of
arranging structures on the
land and shaping the spaces
between; an art linked to
architecture, engineering, [
landscape architecture and
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city planning. (Site
Planning)
SITE PLANNING
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Site Development Plan

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SITE ANAYLYSIS
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• Swot analysis
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• SITE PLANNING
• Conceptual Design (Must be related to the Design Concept)
• Site Layout and Organization
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• SITE DEVELOPMENT
• Project title and Design Concept
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SUSTAJNABIG-Y PRIORITIES

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• SITE PLANNING
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PLANNING 1

Concepts and Principles of Green Architecture

and Sustainable Design

PLANNING 1

GREEN ARCHITECTURE

What is green architecture?

 History

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Ancient Civilizations
Ancient cultures such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and
Romans employed passive design strategies to
harness natural elements like sunlight, wind, and
water for heating, cooling, and ventilation in their
buildings.
Arts and Crafts Movement (late 19th to early 20th
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century):
Led by architects and designers such as William
Morris and Frank Lloyd Wright, emphasized
craftsmanship, simplicity, and harmony with nature.
Wright's organic architecture principles advocated
for buildings that were integrated into their natural
surroundings and made use of local materials.
Early Environmental Awareness (mid-20th century):
• Growing environmental awareness in the mid-20th century, fueled
by events such as the publication of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring"
in 1962, sparked renewed interest in sustainable design practices.
• Architects like Richard Neutra and Buckminster Fuller explored
concepts of passive solar design, energy efficiency, and biomimicry
in their work.
Energy Crisis (1970s):
• The oil crisis of the 1970s brought attention to the finite nature of
fossil fuels and the need for energy conservation.
• Architects and engineers began developing energy-efficient
building technologies and design strategies to reduce reliance on
non-renewable energy sources.

Emergence of Green Building Movement (late 20th century):

• Saw the emergence of the modern green building movement,
driven by concerns about environmental degradation, climate
change, and resource depletion.
• Organizations like the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and the
development of green building rating systems such as LEED to
promote sustainable building practices.
Mainstream Adoption (21st century):
• Green architecture has become increasingly mainstream, embracing
sustainable design principles in response to growing environmental
challenges.
• Advances in technology, materials science, and building science
have further expanded the possibilities for green building design
and construction.
 Green Architecture
Sustainable Arch1"tecture/Design
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Green building
Sustainable Development

Green Architecture?
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Green Architecture
• Green architecture focuses specifically on the design and construction of buildings with
minimal environmental impact.
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• It emphasizes strategies such as energy efficiency, water conservation, use of sustainable
materials, and integration with the natural environment.

• Green architecture aims to create buildings that reduce their carbon footprint, enhance
occupant health and well-being, and promote ecological sustainability.

Green Architecture
• Green architecture focuses specifically on the design and construction of buildings with
minimal environmental impact.

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Green Architecture
• Green architecture focuses specifically on the design and construction of buildings with
minimal environmental impact.

Green Architecture
• Green architecture focuses specifically on the design and construction of buildings with
minimal environmental impact.

Concrtll Crou umln1tld Tlmbtf (CLT)

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Green Architecture
• Green architecture focuses specifically on the design and construction of buildings with
minimal environmental impact.

Green Architecture
• It emphasizes strategies such as energy efficiency, water conservation, use of sustainable
materials, and integration with the natural environment.

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Green Architecture
• It emphasizes strategies such as energy efficiency, water conservation, use of sustainable
materials, and integration with the natural environment.

Green Architecture
• Green architecture aims to
create buildings that reduce
their carbon footprint, enhance
occupant health and well-being,
and promote ecological
sustainability.

Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe