1.

Write the vector equation of the plane passing through (0,1,3) with normal vector (5,2,4)
Give your answer as 𝒓 ∙ 𝒏 = 𝑘 where 𝒓 and 𝒏 are vectors and 𝑘 is a real scalar. (3 marks)

2. The matrix 𝐴 represents the composite transformation defined as

an anticlockwise rotation around the 𝑧 axis of 45° followed by a stretch scale factor −5.

Calculate the matrix 𝐴−1 . Fully justify your reasoning. (3 marks)

3. In this question we consider the intersections of various combinations of hyperbolic curves.

a) Sketch on the same axes, the curves 𝑦 = cosh⁡(2𝑥) and 𝑦 = sinh2 (𝑥). (3 marks)

b) Consider the curve 𝑦 = cosh(2𝑥) − 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) − 𝑐.

Find values of 𝑏 and 𝑐 such that 𝑦 ≡ 0. (2 marks)

c) Find all real solutions to the equation 4 sinh2(𝑥) − cosh(2𝑥) = 1. (3 marks)

d) Consider the hyperbolic equation cosh(2𝑥) = 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 (𝑥) + 𝑐.

Find all values of 𝑏 and 𝑐 such that this equation has at least one real solution. (4 marks)

4. The polynomial 𝑝 = 𝑧 5 − 14𝑧 3 + 24𝑧 2 + 775 has roots 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 and 𝑎5 .

For convenience we denote the following notation.
5

∏ 𝑎𝑖 = 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4 𝑎5
𝑖=1
a) Explain why the following equality holds. (1 mark)
5

∑ 𝑎𝑖 = 0
𝑖=1
b) Deduce the value of 𝑃 where we define 𝑃 below. (1 mark)
5

𝑃 = ∏ 𝑎𝑖
𝑖=1
c) Evaluate the value of 𝑄 where we define 𝑄 below as follows. (4 marks)
5 5
1
𝑄 = ∑(𝑎𝑖 + 4) (∏ )
𝑎𝑟 + 4
𝑖=1 𝑟=1
5. Consider the three planes whose equations are given below.
𝑨 ∶ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
𝑩 ∶ ⁡3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
𝑪 ∶ ⁡2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0

We consider the points of intersection of the planes.

a) Find the line of intersection of plane 𝑨 and plane 𝑩. (4 marks)

b) Without solving the system, prove that the solution of this system is unique. (3 marks)

c) Calculate the position of the point of intersection of these planes. (3 marks)

6. Calculate the volume of the solid formed by revolving 𝑦 = 𝑒 −|𝑥| around the 𝑦 axis. (6 marks)

7. We define a function on ℝ which we denote 𝑦(𝑥) as follows.

𝑥−3
𝑦(𝑥) =
𝑥2 − 1

a) Sketch the behaviour of 𝑦(𝑥) between 𝑥 = −5 and 𝑥 = 5.

Label asymptotes, axis intersections and general locations of stationary points. (3 marks)

b) We first define a curve 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) on the interval [𝑎, 𝑐] with a discontinuity at 𝑥 = 𝑏.

We define the Cauchy Principal Value of a definite integral 𝐼 as follows below.

𝑏−ℎ 𝑐

lim ( ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥) = 𝐶𝑃𝑉(𝐼)

ℎ→0
𝑎 𝑏+ℎ

We further define in this case an integral 𝐼 as follows.

𝟐
𝑥−3
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 − 1
0

Evaluate the Cauchy Principal Value of 𝐼. (7 marks)

8. Consider the following identity for the sum sinh4(𝑥) + cosh4(𝑥)

cosh4(𝑥) + sinh4(𝑥) ≡ sinh(2𝑥) sinh(𝑥) cosh(𝑥) + tanh2 (𝑥) + sech2(𝑥)

Starting from the definitions of sinh⁡(𝑥) and cosh⁡(𝑥), prove this identity. (9 marks)

9. Consider the recursive sequence generated by the recurrence 𝑥𝑛+2 = 2𝑥𝑛+1 + 3𝑥𝑛 − 1.

a) Prove that if 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 are rational, then 𝑥𝑛 is rational for 𝑛 ≥ 1. (4 marks)

1 1
b) We take as initial conditions that 𝑥1 = and 𝑥2 = .
6 4
A student solves this recurrence equation and obtains the following equality.

16𝑥𝑛 = (−1)𝑛 − 3𝑛−2 + 4

Prove by induction that the student’s answer holds for all positive integer 𝑛. (9 marks)

10. We consider in this question approximations to the integral 𝐼 denoted such that :
𝑡

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0
a) Suppose that 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑡 = 𝑇 > 0.
We use the trapezium rule with 5 equal width strips to approximate the value of 𝐼.
Prove that the percentage error of this estimate is independent of 𝑇. (4 marks)

b) We define first a mid-ordinate approximation to an integral with strips of equal width.

This is evaluated by dividing the interval [𝑎, 𝑏] into 𝑛 subintervals of equal width.
The height of each rectangle is found by evaluating the integrand at the midpoint of the
subinterval spanned by the rectangle. We then calculate the total area of all rectangles.
By following this procedure, we obtain a mid-ordinate approximation 𝑀 of 𝐼.

We further define a value 𝑁, which we find by evaluating the following summation.

𝑛
𝑡 𝑡
𝑁 = ∑ 𝑔( (2𝑘 − 1))
𝑛 2𝑛
𝑘=1

Given that 𝑡 = 𝑏 − 𝑎, show that 𝑀 = 𝑁. (3 marks)

c) A student claims the following equality holds when 𝑡 = 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 .

𝑛 3
27
lim ∑ 3 (2𝑘 − 1)2 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑛→∞ 4𝑛
𝑘=1 0

Prove that the student is correct in their claim. (6 marks)

11. By considering the trigonometric identity :

sin(7𝑧) ≡ −64 sin7 (𝑧) + 112 sin5(𝑧) − 56 sin3(𝒛) + 7sin⁡(𝑧)

Consider the following polynomial equation given below.

𝑃(𝑠) = 64𝑠 7 − 112𝑠 5 + 56𝑠 3 − 7𝑠 − 1 = 0

How many distinct real solutions of this polynomial equation are there ? (3 marks)

12.
a) We can express powers of sin⁡(𝑦) in terms of linear sines. For sin5(y) this is as follows.

16 sin5 (𝑦) = 5 sin(𝑦) − 5 sin(3𝑦) + sin⁡(5𝑦)

Prove this identity for all real values 𝑦. (4 marks)

b) The motion of a ball in motion under System A obeys the following ODE.

𝑑2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 2
+ 5 𝑑𝑡 + 6𝑥 = 𝑒 −3𝑡 + 32 sin5 (𝑡) + 10 sin(3𝑡) − 2sin⁡(5𝑡)

In system 𝐵, the motion of the ball is modelled by the following ODE :

𝑑2 𝑥
+𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑡 2

The initial motion of the ball in system B satisfies the following initial conditions.

𝑥(0) = −1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 1 when 𝑡 = 0

Show that any possible motion of the ball under system 𝐴 will
asymptotically coincide with the motion of the ball under system 𝐵. (8 marks)