Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary

LITERATURE UNDERSTANDING LITERARY HISTORY

• Latin term “litera” which means letter.
• Anything that is printed
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE
1. FOLK TALES - These are made up of stories about life, adventure, love,
horror, and humor where one can derive lessons.
Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature
 The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the
Roman alphabet.
1. FOLK SONGS - It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their
innate appreciation for and love of beauty.

[example: The Sun and The Moon] Examples:

2. THE EPIC AGE - Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic  LERON-LERON SINTA – Katagalugan
achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.  PAMULINAWEN – Ilokano
 DANDANSOY – bicol
[example: Biag ni Lam-ang]  SARONG BANGGI – Iloilo
 ATIN CU PUNG SINGSING – Pampanga
3. FOLK SONGS - oldest forms of Philippine literature. These songs mirrored the
early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. 2. RECREATIONAL PLAYS - many recreational plays were performed during the
Examples: Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form.

 KUNDIMAN – love Examples:

 KUMINTANG – war  SENAKULO
 DALIT O IMNO – religion  PANUNULUYAN
 OYAYI O HELE – babies/ lullaby  SALUBONG
 DIONA – marriage  ZARZUELA
 SOLIRANIN AND TALINDAW – bangka
 DUNG-AW – death
 UMBAY – paglilibing
 SALAGINTOK – friendship
 ARINGGINDING-GINDING – panunuksok ng binate sa dalaga
 Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary

PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872- 1898) 1. Noche Buena

2. Se Devierten (How They Diverted Themselves)
1. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT - This movement was spearheaded mostly by the
3. La Tertulia Filipina (A Filipino Conference or Feast)
intellectual middle-class like:
4. Por Madrid (For Madrid)
 JOSE RIZAL (Laong Laan & Dimasalang)
 MARCELO DEL PILAR (Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat, Dolores Manapat) 5. La Casa De Huespedes (The Landlady’s House).
 GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
 ANTONIO LUNA (Tagailog) SOME OF PONCE’S WRITINGS:
 MARIANO PONCE (Kalipulako, Tikbalang, Naning)
 JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN 1. Mga Alamat ng Bulacan
 PEDRO PATERNO 2. Pagpugot kay Longinos
3. Sobre Filipinos
SOME OF RIZAL’S WRITINGS:
4. Ang mga Pilipino sa Indio-Tsina
1. Noli Me Tangere
SOME OF PANGANIBAN’S WRITINGS:
2. El Filibusterismo
3. Mi Ultimo Adios 1. Ang Lupang Tinubuan
4. Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos 2. Ang Aking Buhay
5. Filipinas Dentro De Cien Años 3. Su Plano De Estudio (Your Study Plan)
4. El Pensamiento (The Thinking)
SOME OF DEL PILAR’S WRITINGS:
SOME OF PATERNO’S WRITINGS
1. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country)
2. Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful) 1. Ninay
3. Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes) 2. A Mi Madre (To My Mother)
3. Sampaguita Y Otras Poesias Varias (Sampaguita and Varied Poems)
SOME OF JAENA’S WRITINGS:
1. Ang Fray Botod
2. La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar)
3. Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere Show)
4. Sa Mga Pilipino...1891
5. Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate
Columbus)
THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)
SOME OF LUNA’S WRITINGS:
 Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary
 Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English
language.
 Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse.
Characteristics of Literature during this period:
 The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of
the different regions. But the writers in Tagalog, continued in their
lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse
love for one’s native tongue and the writers in English imitated the themes
and methods of the Americans.
AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS:
1. PAZ MARQUEZ-BENITEZ (1894-1983) - Dead Star
2. ZOILO MERCADO GALANG (1895-1959) – A Child of Sorrow
3. FERNANDO MAMURI MARAMAG (1893-1936) – Moonlight on Manila Bay
4. JOSE GARCIA VILLA (1908-1997) – Footnote to Youth
5. MANUEL ESTABILLA ARGUILA (1895-1959) – A Sun is Born
WRITERS WHO USED VERNACULAR LANGUAGE:
1. LOPE K. SANTOS (1879-1963) – Banaag at Sikat
2. VALERIANO HERNANDEZ PEÑA (1858-1922) - Nena at Neneng
3. JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS (1894-1932) – Isang Punong Kahoy
4. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ (1903-1970) – Ang Panday
5. IÑIGO ED. REGALADO (1888-1976) – Sampagitang Walang Bango
THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
 Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another
foreign country, Japan, conquered the Philippines between 1941-1945
(4 years).
 Philippine literature in English came to a halt. This led to all newspapers
not to be circulated in the community except for TRIBUNE and
PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
Filipino Poetry during this period:
 The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation
was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith,
religion, and the arts.
3 Types of Poems emerged during this period:
1. HAIKU - a poem of free verse. 17 syllables is to 3 lines.
2. TANAGA - it had measure and rhyme. 4 lines is to 7/9 syllables
3. KARANIWANG ANYO (USUAL FORM)
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)
 For the first twenty years, many books were published both
in Filipino and in English.
 In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog
was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with
Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under the Japanese government,
and the brave guerilla exploits.
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
 Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary

 According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-1972 was due to  In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power
domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed.
moved to seek reforms.  It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and
even in the television programs.
THE LITERARY REVOLUTION - The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They
 The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in
demanded a change in the government.
circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)
21st CENTURY PERIOD
 The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972.
 The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs
 The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.
and tastes of the new generation.
 News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like were
 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete
favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and
with the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are
robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in reading magazines and comics.
used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)
 After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino,
which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on
January 2, 1981.
 The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President Marcos
called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”
 Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and
revolutionary.
 Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life

POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)