- DOPPLER

m1=3 kg
k=100 N/m, ,
. m1
. , m1
fs=680 Hz,
. m2=1 kg
m1. m2 u2 = 4 3 m/s
30 .
t=0 .

() ()
. ()

m1. () 3
m/s. ()
m1.
, , g=10 m/s2
u=340 m/s. . ,
.
:
1

1.

.
2. .
3.
.
4.
2 .
5.
.
6. ()
.
7. ()
u =

3
m/s .
2

8.
() .

m1=3 kg
m2=1 kg
k=100 N/m
fs=680 Hz
u2 = 4 3 m/s g=10

m/s2
u=340 m/s

1 :

()
F = Dx .

.

.

:
,
, ,
.
() , ()
() F = Dx .

.
3

ur ur
1: F = 0 w1 F1 = 0 F1 = w1

ur ur
2: F = 0 w12 F12 = 0 F12 = w12

kl1 = m1g () l1 = 0,3 m

kl2 = (m1 + m2 )g ()

l2 = 0, 4 m
:

F = w12 F12 = (m1 + m2 )g k(l2 + x) F = (m1 + m2 )g kl2 kx

() F = kx
,
F = Dx , D=k.
.
:

.
. .

.
:
4


.
. , ,
2 .
, (w) (+)
(F) (-).
.

2 :

.
yy.

2

uuur
uuur
p. = p.
m2u2y + 0 = (m1 + m2 )V ()

u2y = u230 u2y = 4 3

1
m/s u2y = 2 3 m/s
2

() 1 2 3 = (3 + 1)V

V=

3
m/s
2

 2
t=0 V =

3
m/s (
2

) y1=+0,1 m.
( 3).

3
, , t=0 y0

: y = A (t + )
: ()

(y) .. (u)

().
, :
t=0

E =K+U

1
1
1
kA 2 = (m1 + m2 )u2 + ky 2
2
2
2

3
+1
3 2
4
2
2
2
4
A=
100A = (3 + 1)(
) + 100 0,1 A =
m
2
100
100
4

A = 0,2 m . t=0
y1 = +

A
m
2

:
: T = 2

m1 + m2
3 +1
s T = 0, 4 s
, , T = 2
100
k

() ()
: =

k
,
m1 + m2

2
, , = 5 rad/s

D = m 2 ( D=k).

m1 + m2
2
T = 2
.

,
( t=0)
(y) .

.
, t=0
y=+A/2 u>0.
, ,
:
7

A
1

= A ( 0 + ) = =
2
2
6

: = 2 +

= 2 +

5
= 2 +
6
6

[0,2) =

5
=
6
6

3
u>0 u = umax ( 0 + ) u =
umax
6
6
2

5
5
3
u<0 u = umax ( 0 +
) u =
umax
6
6
2

.
, :
y = 0,2 (5t +

) (SI)
6

:
.

3 :

Fmax = DA .
: Fmax = kA Fmax = 100 0,2 N Fmax = 20 N
:
F,max = k(l2 + A) F,max = 100(0, 4 + 0,2) N

F,max = 60 N

: : (F)
(). ,
().

F
. F F
(, , ).

F ( F :
F = Dx ).

2 , , (
) l2+A. To
.

4 :

2 . 5
()
(y=-A) 1 . : t=0
y1=+0,1 m (). ,
t<T/4 ()
1 .
. ,
2 ( )
2 . ,
y=-A
1
:

0 .

2
:
1 :

.
y=-A :
A = A (5t +

(5t +

)
6

3
) = 1 (5t + ) =
6
6
2

:
5t +

3
k=0,1,2,...
= 2k +
6
2

10

 k=0 5t1 +

3
3
8
8
=
5t1 =
5t1 =
t1 =
s
6
2
2 6
6
30
t1 =

=1 5t 2 +

4
s
15

3
3
20

= 2 +
5t 2 = 2 +
5t 2 =
6
2
2 6
6
t2 =

2
s
3

t1 =

4
s
15

1 . t 2 =

2
s
3

(t2> t1)
2 .
=2, =3
3 , 4
.
2

.

A ( 6)
().
yy
.
.

11

( y=+/2 y=-)
() ()
(. 6).
=

3
4
=
.

2 6
3

. ,
t

() ()
t =

4 /3
. : t =
s

5
t =

4
s
15

, ,
t1 =

4
s
15

5 :

12

ur ur
dW = F dx
(
F-x,
6.

F 25
20
15

10
5

0
0

,
7
, , .
F 35

F 25

30
20

25
15

20

10

15
10

0
0

0
8

F 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

13

 ( 6)

( ).
, 7 (), F ,
W=Fx .
(!) H
(F=).
: (!!) F
( F-x)
:
W = U U

Uarx U,
.
: :

ur
1. ( F )
uur
2. ( w )
ur
3. Coulomb ( F C )
:
1. U =

1 2
kx ,
2

2. U = mgh , h
(U=0)
3. UFC = k

q1q 2
, r .
r

W = U U
.

14

 (w) (y=+/2
y=-A) :
Ww = w h , h
(. 5: h=0,3 m
).
: Ww = (m1 + m2 )gh Ww = (3 + 1)10 0,3 J Ww = 12 J
:
,
. , .

(F)
(y=+/2 y=-A)
. :

WF = U U , U U
, .
:
U =

1 2
kx , .
2

:
WF =

1
1
1
1
k l12 k (l2 + A)2 WF = 100 0,32 100 (0, 4 + 0,2)2 J
2
2
2
2

WF = 13,5 J

: () !:
()
. , (F)
() .

15

,
:

( .
: WF = U U , U U
,
.
:
UF =

1 2
ky , y .
2

: WF =

1
1
1
1
k y12 k ( A)2 WF = 100 0,12 100 (0,2)2
2
2
2
2

WF = 1,5 J
;
. F .
y=+/2 y=0
, ,
(). y=0 y=-
, ,
(). 0-
+/20
, , F
. WF = Ww + WF = 12 J - 13,5 J=-1,5 J
() , ,
,
() :
K K = W 0

1
1
(m1 + m2 )V 2 = WF 0 (m1 + m2 )V 2 = Ww + WF
2
2

16

6 :

()
, ( )
, .
: Doppler
.
, , .
, , fA=fS.

.


4 .

() 1 t1 =

4
s .
15

1
() t 0 = t1 -

: t0 =

T
4
t0 =

s
2
15 5

s
15

:
T/2.

,
:
t = t 0 +k

T
k=0,1,2,3,...
2

17

: t =

+k
k=0,1,2,3,...
15
5

, k
, k
.
:

, , 4 (
)
1 : y=A.

:
A = A (5t +

(5t +

)
6

) = 1
6

:
5t +

k=0,1,2,...
= k +
6
2

t = k
2

+
k=0,1,2,...
5 15

.

A ( 9)
().
yy
.
.

18

H y=+/2 y=+ (1
() )
() ()
(. 9).
=

. .
3

. ,
t0

() ()
t 0 =

/3
s
. : t =
s t0 =
15

,
:
t = t 0 +k

T
k=0,1,2,3,...
2

: t =

+k
k=0,1,2,3,...
15
5

19

7 :

t=0 y=+A/2 V =

3
m/s
2

. , ,
1 u =

3
m/s
2

1 y=+A/2 (. 10).
:

() (
): u = 2 y 2

10

, , (
)
() (. 10). ,

.

20


Doppler.

: (
) (

)
()

.
, , Doppler :
fA =

: fA =

u + uA
fS
u

340 + 3
680 Hz
340

fA = 686 Hz

8 :

( )
:
uS = umax (t + )
: uS = (5t + /6) (SI)
, t=0
().
()
.
fB =

: fB =

u
fS
u uS

340
680 Hz
340 (5t + /6)

21