Ti-un Bn-lm-g s-lu kap g-huat

Inn n-gin
http://203.64.42.21/

Hak-si p Tsn-p

Sui-jin Ti-un Bn-lm-g kh-lng

s tsi-ts to-so ku-su b-g, m -koh si

ku-iok s ts-iu s s-ing Hu-g, t-s

kh-lng po-hn ku-su beh ng

Bn-lm-g su-kh bn-t tm-poh-

khn-ln (tsit-m gn-, tsng-hng j

gim-ting ). So- beh oh Bn-lm-g,

-si su-s p-ku Hu-g kah Ti-un

Bn-lm-g tsha-.

G-gin s-ing su-iu lin-si p,

siat-s l s k Bn-lm-g ku-su, t-liu

tsi t-tsiat t-t s-tsap hun-tsing su-iu

kng Bn-lm-g, tshinn l m t k-tha

s-kan (pau-kuah ji t-sing sing-uah, sing

k-tha kh tng-tng ) tsn-ling s-ing

Ti-un Bn-lm-g.

 Ti-un Bn-lm-g S-lu

(1)

(1) Li-gun

Ln ji t-sing sing-uah tiong s-ing

Ti-un Bn-lm-g, tsham b tsi Hu-g,

()

Ji t-g

gun-ts-bn

Pah-uat g, Tiong-kok li k-ti kuann-u

1935

h-thng tng-tng. 1935 n, Koeh It-tsiu

huat-piu

H-l-u

'ku-tng-ku' , m -kun i li k-s iah-s

king-s kak-to khunn, lng s n-ni.

(gu-li-g),
g,

s-li

bak-khu-mi-a

han-t-l []

lo-lai-ba

phng []

a-bu-kha-lo

oo-b-sng []

n-tsing

pa-tsi-lu []

siau-tse

sap-bn []

kh-moo bi

(2) []

kok-khah

<H-l-u>,

khan-png []

pau-kuah
t-tsn

hng-ing

hin-sing

tsi t-ku g-s, -king tsin oh-tit

tshu tioh i g-gun.
(2) S-tu

z
z S-thu 'a' : a-kong, a-m, A-lng,

A-ing, a-si, a-tok-

z
z S-bu '' : toh-, -, gn-

z a/e
a
a a a

z S-bu 'a/e' : A-ing--a, A-bng--a,

A-h--a, pinn--a, thu--a, bu--a,
tinn--e, kim--e, sue (ts- a/e
2

a a e e

siann-tiu pin-hu, tse s si tsin

e ( a/e

pin-tiu)

)
z

()
(3)

z S-kham '' : ang--bo, sann--kho

(png-liat)
(3) Thah-s

z AAB z AAB : m-m-hu, inn-inn-pue,

sih-sih

sih-sih-tsn, phng-phng-ing,

phng-phng

tshing-tshing kn (B s tng-s)

chhing-chhing (B
)
z ABB z ABB : ng-k-k, peh-phau-phau,
ling-ling

oo-khm-khm, tshenn-ling-ling,

tinn-but-but, kim-tok-tok,

(A )

huinn-p-p (A s hng-ing-s)

z bin-bong
mi-mo pi-pa
z li-si
li-si lng-sng
z ABABAB()

z thah siann-b: m-bin-bong,

tshu-mi-mo, sn-pi-pa
z thah-n-b: poh-li-si, kut-li-si, ting
long-sng
z ABABAB : h-s () h-s
z ABAABB : huann-huann-h-h

z ABAABB
z AAA

z AAA : tshing-tshing-tshing,
peh-peh-peh

(4)

(4) Ts-u

()+(/

Ts-g (bng-s) + u-g (tng-s/

hng-ing-s)

z t-tng, hong-tshue, b-phang, s-tu,

thinn-kng, sim-sik, bn-si k

3

(5)

(5) Sut-pin

()+()

Sut-g( tng-s)+pin-g(bng-s)

z kh-k, t-b, ki-to, thong-hong,

tah-sim, tshak-bak, phunn-tshi,

huan-thu

(6)

(6) Sut-po

()+(/

Sut-g(tng-s)+po-g(tng-s/

hng-ing-s)

z thiann-b, kng liu, khunn-phu,

tshut-li, ji p-kh, thu-khui, tshun-tng,

khunn-ting, that-tnn

(7)

(7) Png-liat

z Kng-g png-liat

()

tsai-eh, tsnn-gn, (bng-s)

()

p-phng, tshiau tshu, (tng-s)

()

tim-tsng, ing-kinn, (hng-ing-s)

()

tian-t, lng-tsng(h-s)

z Li-g png-liat

()

unn-t, tho tsi, (bng-s)

()

tsu-sim, tsiah-tshng, (tng-s)

()

i-si, l-pin, (hng-ing-s)

z Hun-g png-liat

()

kha-tshi, kong-m, (bng-s)

()

ng-hu, su-inn, (tng-s)

()

kun-k, tu-s, (hng-ing-s)

()

ke-kim, ts-bn(h-s)

(8)

(8) Ki-pn g-s

Gn- sing-uah sing ng--tioh
g-s, tshin-tshinn sing-khu po-hn,
4

thng- mi, hak-hu i-lok siat-si

tng-tng. Lu-su i sing lin kang-hu.

[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
(9)

(9) Sin g-s

T Ti-un, Ti-un Bn-lm-g

tsh-kng s: king-s tsok-kn, jiok-s

g-gin. in-i b huat-tng t-i, ka-sing

()

tsh-go g-gin tsng-tshik (tok-tsun

Hu-g) kah tsh-go g-gin s-ing

kuan-lim (b-g t tsh-li kng t h,

tu-lng tshian-tsi gn-), t-s Ti-un

Bn-lm-g g-s li-sit sok-to tsinn

kn.

Ln n tsai-inn khah tsng-khak

g-s ing-huat, t tsn-ling ing khah

tsng-khak g-s, tshin-tshinn

//

'si-tsi/i-ng' ,

u-sm-mi h' , 'si-tshia/khui-tshia' ,

's n-tsunn/

tng-tng.

M i sinn huat-to tsh-l sin

5

g-s. -si Hn-j ng Ti-g huat-im,

ti t-tsiap s-ing gu-li-g, tsiu -s

huan-i k, tsng-s i king-ku s-kan

kh-gim.
[/]

suann-ki / khing-ki

[]

B-kok kuah-pau / Hm-bah-kap

(10)

(10) Gn- khah thak m -tioh --

vs

gn- vs n-

vs

kim-kim vs kin-kin

()/()/()

ap- / at chhi-p / ak-chu

(11)

(1566 )

(10) Hn-j su-si

ng Hn-j su-si s-pah gu tang
li k-s. (1566 lm-kun h-bn)

Hn-j s-ing, -tng pho-pho-

hun ts pn-j, tsioh im, tsioh , pn-tho-j

s li.

an

tsiah-n

kha (kioh)

[]

tshu

Tsi t Hn-j png-kin nng huat-im,

2.5 (

sing-ng-j png-kin 2.5 . (kau-phu)

2007

In-i b phiau-tsn-hu, so- tak-ke

si-huat b it-t.
Ku-iok-po u 2007 n khai-s
kong-po Ti-un Bn-lm-g tshui-tsin
j-s.

http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/300iongji_960523.pdf
http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/100iongji_970501.pdf

Ti-un Bn-lm-g It-puann G-huat

A (adjective)
C (complement)
N (noun)
O (object)
P (preposition phrase)
S (subject)
T (theme)
V (verb)

hng-ing-s
po-g
bng-s
si-s
ki-s-tsoo
ts-s
ts-t
tng-s

z SA (+)

z SA ( ts-s+ hng-ing-s)

I / tsin ko-tsui.

Ln kah Ing-bn b kng, ln tsi t

k u -si b tng-s.

z SN (+)

z SN (ts-s+ bng-s)

/
z SPA (++

Tsi t kun / j-tsap khoo.

z SPA ( ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo+

hng-ing-s )

/ /

Gn tau / l hak-hu / b gu
hng.

z SPVC (++

z SPVC (ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo+

+)

tng-s+ po-g)

/ /

I / kh hak-hu/ sing-kh/
kui-kang

/
z SPVO (++
+)

z SPVO (ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo+

tng-s+si-s)
7

 / / /
z SV (+)
/
z SVC (++)
/ /
z SVO (++)
/ /
z SVOC (++

L/ t tsia/ tn/ --gu.

z SV (ts-s+ tng-s)
Gu/ li-kh.
z SVC (ts-s+ tng-s + po-g)
I/ tsu/ tsin kn.
z SVO (ts-s+ tng-s + si-s)
Gu/ b/ sann pn tsu.
z SVOC (ts-s+ tng-s + si-s+

+)

po-g)

///

Tak-ke/ ki/ i/ Tu-thu-bng.

z SVOO (++

z SVOO (ts-s+ tng-s + si-s+

+)

si-s)

///

Gu/ sng/ i/ tsi t pn tsu.

z TSA ( + +

z TSA ( ts-t+ ts-s+

hng-ing-s )

/ /

Tsi-kh/ thinn-kh/ tsin h.

z TSPV (++

z TSPV (ts-t+ ts-s+ ki-s-tsoo

+)

+ tng-s)

//

L tsng-hng,/ gu/ tsiah k i/

ki-sueh.

/
z TSV (++)
/ /
z TSVC (++

z TSV (ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s)

Tsa-hng/ i/ li.
z TSVC (ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s +

+)

po-g)

///

Hit-kang/ i/ tu/ t gu-khu.

z TSVO (++

z TSVO (ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s +

+)

si-s)

///

Kin--ji t / gu/ siu-tioh/ tsi t

tiunn phe.

z TSVOC(++

z TSVOC(ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s

++)

+ si-s + po-g)

// / /

Tsi-kh,/ ma-ma/ ki/ gu/

kh bu mi h-kinn.

z TSVOO( + +

z TSVOO(ts-t+ ts-s+ tng-s

++)

+ si-s + si-s)

////

Hit kang / gu/ sng/ i/ tsi t

pn tsu.

z TVC (++)
/ /

z TVC(ts-t+ tng-s + po-g)

tsit king tim/ tsong-hng/ kah
tsinn su.

z TVO (++)
/ /

z TVO (ts-t+ tng-s + si-s)

Thak-tsu/ thang tit-tioh/ t-sik.

Ti-un Bn-lm-g Ti k-piat G-huat

z
?
z
?
z

z , b
Kin--jit h b ?
z S , m -s
(*) Tsit ki pit s l m -s?
z K
L kh k tsit pak to ku
--kh-li.

z
?
z

z Beh , m
(*) L beh b m ?
z Teh , teh-beh

I teh thak-chu.

I teh-beh li a.
9

z , b
I -hiu kng Ji t-pn-u, gu

b-hiu kng.

z Tioh , bin
Tsit hng khang-khu tioh kn

ts iah-s bin ts?

?
z

z Thang, m -thang
Kin--ji t m -thang kh, m--tsi

tsiah thang kh.

z Ki, ho

Ki i ts.

Ho gu li.

z In-u, so-
In-u ho li, so- b kh.

z Sui-jin, m -koh
Sui-jin tse khah ki, m -koh

khah h ing.

z N, n-si

Tsit tng b- n tsiah-n su.

N-si ts tshia kh, kn-kn-a

ni.

z T/tsi, tsiah

Sg khah siok gu tsiah beh b,

n b gu tsi m b.

10

 Po-tshiong Pu-kng T-sik kah

Th-ln

Tsun-s-ki

bok-tsin

ti-khi

6000

6000 tsing g-gin, m -koh, k-s ln b

khah tsik-ki k tsok-u, koo-k tsi t-pah

tshun[] 600

tang u, kan-na tshun 600 tsing g-gin.

Lin-hap-kok

(UNESCO) 2 21

( UNESCO ) tng mu n j-gueh j-tsap-it

2000

h ts S-ki b-g-ji t, u 2000 n khai-s

2008

si t-si, koh tng 2008 n ts s-ki g-gin

n, th-tshnn tak-ke khunn-ting ka-k

g-gin. Tsin-ts sian-tsn kok-ka lng

puah king-hu, tshinn-ki s-ki sing

teh-beh tsuat-tsng g-gin. Tu-to- so

g-gin hak-ka jm-u, g-gin to-inn-

[]

sng kah sing-but to-inn-sng pnn-

Ku-kho-bn

tsoo-tsit

iu-kn.

Tsi t- g-gin, n b kuann-hong

70%

tsi-tsh, su-iu 70% s-ing jn-khu,

tsiah -tng ke-siok uah loh-kh.

S-ki sing g-gin, n ing g-gin

jn-khu li pi-mi, Bn-ln-g s-tshing

lak-pah ga bn lng, pi t j-tsap-it mi,

ts-iu

(70%)(45%)

Sin-ka-pho (45%), M-li-se-a (12%)

(12%)(4%)

Bn-li (4%), Tiong-kok (2%), Thi-kok

(2%)(2%)

(2%), Hui-lut-pin (1%), n-n (0.3%).

11

hun-po

Ti-an

(70%),

(1%)(0.3%)

Pah-hun-p piu-s Bn-lm-g t tsit-

kok-ka li g-gin jn-khu p-l, tse s

2005

2005 n thng-k tsu-liu.

T Ti-un, b-g s Bn-lm-g

70%

jn-khu tsim 70%, m -koh, si t-ts

tiu-tsa huat-hin, s-ing Bn-lm-g

50%

p-l s 50%, tse s gu-ki .

2003

2003 n, Kheh-u-hu ts-u Iap

Kiok-ln

kng

Bn-lm-g

ku-h,

Kheh-u kip-tsn, Gan-ts-bn g sng-ji p

ka-ho pnn-png.

Gun-ts-bn g Gun-bn-hu tsi-

tsh, Kheh-u Kheh-u-hu tsi-tsh,

bok-tsin tsng-hng, kong-po-mng

tu-ji p Bn-lm-g p-l s sing tsi .

Tsit ku-n li s-ki sing g-gin

hok-hing ts liu khah h , si Welsh g

Welsh[]

kah Ti-an Kheh-u ( s-ki sing,

Kheh-u s-ing jn-khu sann-tshing

s-pah gu lng, pi t j-tsap-ku mi ).

29

12

Hu-g, Ti-un Bn-lm-g tu-ng kap tsun-unn

Inn n-gin

1.

phng

2.

tsh

3.

4.

kunn kunn

5.

6. ()

()

7.

sin

8.

9.

10.

11.

12. ()

13.

thng thng

14.

hunn

15.

--a

16.

17.

peh tsinn

18.

19.

li-li

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

iu
13

25.
(hng)

26.
()

27.

nih; nih

28. ()

29.

30. ()

31.

32.

khap kah tah-tah-tah;~

33.

kah --

34.

35.

36.

h-h-leh,

37.

sinn-pue

38.

39.

phut-liu-siu; kah n leh

40.

41.
hun hun

42.

()

43.

44.

45.

----

46.

47.

()

48.

49.

()peh
14

50.

to bok-bok

51.

li-li-lak-lak

52.

53. ()

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

liap-kinn-kinn

61.

--

62.

63.

()()

64.

tshing

65.

66.

l-si()

67.

gu
teh

68.

69.

hit-l hit-l

70.

ng-tsg

71.

72.

tak-tak

73.

74.

75.

15


76.

to-tng

77.

uat

78.

79.

80.

(tsinn)

81.

82.

83.

84.

(ki )

85.

86.

87.

88.

()tsinn

89.

90.

liam

91.

92.

tsinn

93.

94.

95. ()

(iu)()

96.

hun-s ()

97.

()

98.

99.

sun

100.

:
http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/chuliau/kauchai/POJ/HT/HT.asp
16

 Tsi t-ku Hu-Ti tu-ng kui-lut

z p

vs

po

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

(1)
(5)
(2)
(3) (7)

17

Tsham-kh tsu-liu: bng-lo tsu-gun kap tin-nu su-ji p

Sunn-tng Ti-un Bn-lm-g

tsu-gun siu-ki
z tsong-hap bng-tsm
http://tailo.fhl.net

http://taigi.fhl.net

http://taigu.fhl.net

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw

http://www.nlcsearch.moe.gov.tw/EDMS/admin/dict4/
z s-tin li

http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/tw/index.htm
http://taigi.fhl.net/dict/ /
http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/q

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/jitian/

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/concordance
z ku-hak li

http://140.111.34.116/e9617_epaper/learning.aspx?classify_sn
=2
18


http://ws2.chkops.kh.edu.tw/newholo/learn_3/index.htm

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/TGLMJ/index.htm
http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/chuliau/
http://www1.nttu.edu.tw/tws/

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/MTFamily/MTFamily.htm
http://taigu.eic.nctu.edu.tw/
http://140.122.80.250/lkh/
http://www2.twl.ncku.edu.tw/~uibun/

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/hakkhiam/hakkhiam.asp
z k-tha
Wiki http://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://taigi.fhl.net/ht/

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/memory/TGB/mowt.asp

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/nmtl/dadwt/pbk.asp

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/chhiokhe/chhiokhe.asp

http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/TG/chu/kiamsngtiN/kiamsngtiN.a
sp
http://taigi.fhl.net/list.html

http://www.edu.tw/files/bulletin/M0001/300iongji_960523.pdf
19


http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/100iongji_970501.p
df
OK
http://www.edu.tw/files/download/M0001/minkalaok_970501.
pdf
http://blog.xuite.net/khoguan/blog
http://blog.roodo.com/senghian

So siu-ki bng-lo tsu-gun,

tsi t-ku s Ku-hu L-m-j (Peh-u-j), i

tsi t-pah peh-tsap tang li k-s, so-

lu tsin ts bn-hin loh-li. Ti-l kah

Peh-u-j b tshiong-tut, m -koh tsi t-ku

so-tsi b kng. -h liat-tshut tsha-

so-tsi.

ch/chh oa/oe

ts/tsh

ua/ue

eng/ek o

ing/ik

oo

nn

Ti-l j-hng
z Charis SIL

http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSIL_download

z Doulos SIL

http://scripts.sil.org/DoulosSIL_download

z DejaVu

http://dejavu-fonts.org

z Gentium

http://scripts.sil.org/Gentium_download

z Taigi Unicode

http://taigi.fhl.net/TP/taigi_unicode_font.htm

20

 Sn-bng-i Ti-g-bn su-ji p-huat

z http://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/

XP/Vista

Sing bu beh po-tshiong

Kok-u lu-su s t-it sunn ku-hak

kang-tsok-tsi, beh n-tsunn ho hak-

sing oh liu tsh-b, siong-sn tak-ke

kan-na

lng tsin hong-h king-gim. Gu

kan-na sinn-beh hun-hing ku tim gu

-kin:

Beh k tsi t-tsing g-gin, t i ng

hit- g-gin sing-kh, so- k Bn-lm-

g s-tsn tshinn ng Bn-lm-g sing-

kh, tshian-bn m -thang ng Hu-g. ng

Hu-g k Ing-g, Ing-g tsuat-tu oh b h,

tse s kng-khun t-l.

Tsi t-khun g-gin beh oh h, tsi t

l-pi i s-tim-tsing, bok-tsin s-so

pun-phu, hu-k tsuat-tu tsin i-hn.

Kin-g tak-ke l-ing k-tha kh-tng

k-siok kng Bn-lm-g, ke oh tsi t-khun

g-gin t ke ts tsi t-hng sing-l, m bin

in in

kiann gn- thiann b, ke ho in ki-hu

21

thiann, in tian-t -tng p-ku b kng

g-gin tsha-, pang-tsn g-gin hak-si p.

Tsu-u tsi t tim, kok-u lu-su beh

k Hu-g iah-s Ing-g tsn-tsng, lng siu

ku tsiok-giah ku-iok hak-hun kah

36

ku-hak hong-huat; beh k Bn-lm-g, 36

tim-tsing gin-si p (siong-tong nng

hak-hun) tsuat-tu b-ku, hi-bng kok-u

lu-su, l-ing -tng n-ing s-kan,

k-siok tsham- siong-koan gin-si p.

Ln n pn-tho-hu, tsiah tsi-tiu

kng kok-ts-hu.

Khin-sang tsi t-
40

To-ku--h king-beh 40 hu loh,

iu-koh s tsi t l-hn-kha- hinn-tng-

hinn-tng-hinn

hinn, sann phu b lng po, b bo

tsin kan-kho. I tsinn sinn-beh khah

kn tshu tsi t bo, t kh Lok-kng

tsh--bu tshu hm -lng --a th i an-pi

sing-tshin ti-ts.

Hm -lng---a

mng

to-ku--h

kng: L ku tsit- hu-thu iu-bu

knn

tshu-bo, knn s sm-mih phinn

hoonnh?

si p-kun hoonnh?

lah,

lah!

To-ku--h

kunn-kn t hu-tap.
L tsiah-hun iah-s po pin-nng
22

--b?
Gu

thiann

lng

kng-tioh

toh

tsiah-hun hu t toh, ah n po pin-nng,

ki

thong-lng lng m tsai-inn he s ki m

h ti-ts! To-ku--h n liu tsinn

su-tshi.

n-ni gu t khah hng-sim a!

a a

Hm -lng---a

huann-h, t su loh-kh mng kng: Ah l

lim

i lim sio-tsi --b? kah lng kh

puah-kiu

puah-kiu --b?

thiann

liu

tsinn

To-ku--h tsin kn t n kng:

Lim

Lim sio-tsi gu t lng b po leh, ah n

thiann lng kng-tioh puah-kiu gu t

puah-kiu

kh!

Inn n-gin kn-ki

Bok-tsin s Ti-hn ki-sut hak-nn

Tsu-sn

kang-tng-h

tso-l

ku-si,

Ti-ti Tsu-sn kang-tng-so phok-s.

Gin-ki hong-hing s Ti-g-bn

tsu-sn tsh-l ki-sut. Ti-un L-m-j

hiap-hu l-s / Hua-lin hun-hu-tinn,

Ti-un Tang-si Hua-lin si-un, K-sg

g-gin hak-hu hu-un.

1987

U 1987 n khai-s tsu Ti-g-bn

1992

khang-kh, 1992 n ts-pian Ti-g

23

1995

hak-sing tsap-ts, 1995 n ts-pian Ti-

g tsit-tiu lo -- Ti-bn kang-tsok-tsi

2000

hng-tm-liok, 2000 n khai-huat Ti-g

2003

Hu-g

2005

khai-huat Ti-g-bn g-s kim-sik h-

2006

thng, 2005 n khai-huat Ti-g pin-tiu

tsh-l

Ti-g-bn so-u tin-tsng tsu-liu-kho

2007

h-thng (kok-ka Ti-un bn-hak-kun ),

2007 n khai-huat Ti-g-bn k-ik h-

thng,

2008

phing-im kng-si si-hu-tsoo t-it mi,

2008 n tit-tioh Ku-iok-po thui-tin b-

g k-jn kiat-tshut kng-hin-tsing, ts-

pian Ti-g-bn n-tng hng-tm kah

s-liu lu-pian (Kok-s-kun tshut-pn ).

sunn-tng

h-thng,

tit-tioh

s-tin,

2006

tsun-kok

2003

khai-huat

Bn-lm-g

In-u gu tu t Hua-lin, kok-u

lu-su t Bn-lm-g ku-hak k-tng tiong

n t-tioh sm-mih bn-tu, gu tsin

gun- tsn gu li k-ling th-kiong

hiap-tso.

K-tha tsh-b beh liu-ki ,

Google

tshinn kh bng-lo tng ng Google

tshiau khunn-mi.

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