NLEX-SLEX CONNECTOR ROAD SECTION 2

ESPAÑA BLVD. TO STA. MESA (STA. 5+104.171 - STA. 7+700.784)

STRUCTURAL COMPUTATIONS

COLUMN FORMWORK SUPPORTED BY GUY WIRES COMPUTATION

Prepared by:

Engr. Leo B. Torres

Structural Engineer
China Road and Bridges

CONSULTANT:
 NLEX-SLEX CONNECTOR ROAD PROJECT – PACKAGE 2
ESPAÑA BLVD. TO STA. MESA (STA. 5+104.171 - STA. 7+700.784)
Contractor: CHINA ROAD AND BRIDGE CORPORATION

Job Title STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS for NLEX-SLEX CONNECTOR ROAD SECTION 2
Client NLEX Corporation

Job Information
Designer Checker Third-Party Reviewer Approver

Name:
Leo Torres/ CRBC Jack Ming/ CRBC
Date:

Job: Column formworks computation against Wind and Uplift force

Pier No.: For all Column works that will use scaffolding frame as lateral support for formwork
Heights of Scaffolding: 10 to 14 meters depending on the height of columns and site conditions

Comments

Prove the adequacy of the installed guy wire set up to support the lateral forces acting on column formworks at a maximum height of 11m
based on the following load requirements:
1. Wind Loads
2. Fresh Concrete (with 4.5 m/hr pouring rate)
3. Self-weight of the formworks
The members of the formwork are A36 Steel (250 Mpa) with an allowable deflection of L/270, or 3mm, whichever is smaller.

A. Design Criteria
A.1 CODES AND STANDARD
a. National Structural Code of the Philippines, 2015, 7th Edition
b. AISC LRFD
c. American Concrete Institute 347-04: Formwork of Concrete
d. ASCE Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures

Wind Load Computations

Minimum anchor distance, da = 3m (More than 3 meter distance is OK)
Formworks Diameter, D = 2.50 m
minimum Ø = 17 degrees (guy wire line with respect to vertical face of form)

LEGENDS:
WL = Wind Load Wta = Total Weight of Anchor in one location
Wa = Weight of one Anchor µ= Coefficient of friction
Wfw = Weight of empty formworks La = Level Arm
Ffa = Friction force anchor Na = No. of anchor in one location
Fffw = Friction force formworks Fss = Factor of safety against sliding
Fw = Wind forces Ftt = Total Friction force
Pg = Nominal Pull force on guy Wae = Effective actual weight of anchor in one location
Pge = Effective pull force guy FSO = Factor of safety against overturning
Ω= Conservative factor of safety (2)
Calculation of Structure Wind Pressure
based on NSCP 2015 7th Edition

Design wind speed, kph 200.00

Max formwork height, m 10.00
Belev 8.00 @ top of 2ns stack
Telev 10.00 @ top of 3rd stack
Panel Height, m 2m 3rd stack of formwork
App. Z, 9
Exposure Category, B
Top Category 1
Hc 0.0
Str Type p
Str Class I
zg 366
a 7.0
Kz minimum, 0.70
Kz (try) 0.77
Kz 0.77
Ke 0.90
Kt 0.00
f 0.00
Kh 0.00
Kzt 1.00
Kd 0.95
Design Speed, v (m/s) 55.56
I 0.90
qz = (0.613Kz Kzt Kd V² I) 1245.78 kPa
Gh 0.85
Fw (kN) 29.899

Calculation of Structure Design Wind Forces (without the Scaffolding only guy wires supports the formwork)

Geometry
PID 1
Belev (m) 8.00
Telev (m) 10.00
Form height (m) 2
MidPheight (m) 9
qz 1245.78
Gh 0.85

Panel
Str Type pole
w (m) 2.0
h (m) 2
Ap (m²) 9
Cf 1.2
(EPA)s 10.8
qz 1245.78
Gh 0.85
FST / wL (kN/m) 3.06
Each Vent FST (kN/m) 0.51
Calculation of weights
QTY THK (mm) NAME h (mm) L (mm) Density Weight (kg)
1 4 Cylindrical Plate 2000 6283 7850 394.57
10 4 Vertical Stiffener 2000 100 7850 62.8
9 6 Circular/Hor Stiffener 100 6283 7850 266.34
723.71 for 2-m stack
QTY THK (mm) NAME h (mm) L (mm) Density Weight (kg)
1 4 Cylindrical Plate 6000 6283 7850 1183.72
10 4 Vertical Stiffener 6000 100 7850 188.4
25 6 Circular/Hor Stiffener 100 6283 7850 739.82
2111.94 for 6-m stack

TOTAL = 2,835.65 kg
27,817.72 N

STABILITY (worst wind along guy line, only one guy and one anchor is resisting)

Summing moments about the TOE,

Pg (La) + Wfw (D/2) - Fw (H/2) Wfw = 27.82 kN (W of Forms)
La = D + 3.0 cos 17 deg Fw = 29.899 kN
La = 4.87 m H= 10
Nominal required guy pull, D= 2
Pg = [Fw (H/2) - Wfw (D/2)]/La wL = 3.06
Pg = 24.99 KN Wa = 3 tons (anchor)

Nominal required friction,

Ff = Pg (sinØ)
Ff = 7.31 kN

Coefficient between soil and concrete

µ= 0.4

Trial number of anchor in one location,

Na = 3 pcs

Total weight of anchor,

Wta = Na (Wa) (9.81)
Wta = 88.29 kN

Frictional force anchor,

Ffa = µ (Wta)
Ffa = 35.316 kN
 Friction force formworks,
Fffw = µ (Wfw)
Fffw = 11.13 kN

Total Frictional force,

Fft = Ffa + Fffw
Fft = 46.44 kN

Factor of safety against sliding,

FSS = Fft/Fw
FSS = 1.55 kN > 1.25 ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Overturning Moment,
OTM = Fw (H/2)
OTM = 149.494 kN

Effective pull force on guy

Pge = Ffa cosØ
Pge = 33.773 kN

Resisting Moment,
RM = Wfw (D/2) + Pge (La)
RM = 192.25 kN

Factor of safety against overturning

OTM = RM / OTM
OTM = 1.29 kN > 1.25 ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Strength Calculation on Formwork members

Design Considerations
Wind speed design during Concrete placement, V = 200 kph
Concrete is placed with normal internal vibration to a depth of 1.2m or less
Concrete mixture: Other type of blend with less thatn 70% slags or 40% fly ash with retarders.
Chemistry coefficient, Cc = 1.4 (ACI 347-04 Table 2.2)
Minimum Temperature of concrete during placement >= 32 degrees
Unit weight of concrete is between 22.4 to 24 kN/m³,
Unit weight coefficient, Cw = 1.0 (ACI 347-04 Table 2.1)

Material Unit Weight & Allowable Strengths

Unit weight of concrete,
Unit weight of steel
Structural Steel and Plate, A36 fy = 248 Mpa
fb allowable = 148.8 MPa
ft allowable = 148.8 MPa
fv allowable = 99.2 MPa

Design Data and Constants

Concrete Unit weight coefficient, Cw = 1.0
Concrete Chemistry coefficient, Cc = 1.4
Rate of Rise of Concrete, R = 4.5 hr
Minimum Concrete Temperature, Tmin = 32 degrees celcius
Pouring Height, H = 10.0 m

Lateral Pressure of Fresh concrete

Based on ACI 347-04: Guide to Formwork of Concrete,
EQ-4 - placement rate greater than 2.1 m/h and placement height exceeds 4.2m,
and for all walls with placement rate of 2.1 to 4.5 m/h
1156 244 𝑅 min = 30 Cw kPa < pgh
𝑃 = 𝐶 𝐶 ( 7.2 + + )
𝑇 + 17.8 𝑇 + 17.8
Use: ACI 347-04 Equation 4,

Pmax = 70.92 kPa

Cw= 1.00 kg/m3
Cc= 1.40 m/s2
T= 32.00 C
R= 4.50 m/h
Calculation of pressure showing different pouring rates (ACI 347-04, Sec 2.2.2.1.3)

T min deg LPC

Cw Cc R m/hr
Max P = Wc x H 240.00 kPa
1 1.4 4.5 32 70.92 kPa
1 1.4 4.26 32 69.40 kPa
1 1.4 4.02 32 67.89 kPa
1 1.4 3.78 32 66.38 kPa
1 1.4 3.54 32 64.87 kPa
1 1.4 3.3 32 63.36 kPa
1 1.4 3.06 32 61.85 kPa
1 1.4 2.82 32 60.34 kPa
1 1.4 2.58 32 58.82 kPa
1 1.4 2.34 32 57.31 kPa
1 1.4 2.1 32 55.80 kPa
Min P = 30 x Cw 30.00 kPa

Design of Members
Determine Required Thickness of Plate
∴ 𝑂𝐾
Considering a pouring rate of PR = 4.5 m/hr ∴ 𝑂𝐾
The Max. Pressure is P= 70.92 kPa ∴ 𝑂𝐾
Allowable Hoop Stress ft = 148.80 Mpa
Internal Diameter D= 2.00 m
Factor of safety Ω= 2.00
Formula from Hoop Stress ft / Ω = P x D / (2 x t)
Required Plate Thickness t = 0.95mm ˂ 4mm provided ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Considering concrete in fluid state

The Max. Pressure is P= 240.00 kPa
Allowable Hoop Stress ft = 148.80 Mpa
Internal Diameter D= 2.00 m
Factor of safety Ω= 2.00
Formula from Hoop Stress ft / Ω = P x D / (2 x t)
Required Plate Thickness t = 3.23mm ˂ 4mm provided ∴ 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝐿𝐿 𝑂𝐾

Check Deflection
From Roark's Formula: Plate Simply supported on 4 sides at the center of Span
Deflection ymax = α x q x b⁴ / ( E x t³)
Long Span a= 785.4 mm
Short Span b= 250 mm
Design Pressure P = 0.07092 MPa
Elasticity E = 200000 Mpa
From a/b ratio = 3.14 α = 0.1335
Max. Deflection ymax = 2.88916 mm
Allow Deflection L/270 = 785.4/270 = 2.908 mm > 2.89 mm ∴ 𝑂𝐾
Check Vertical Stiffener Shear and Moment Capacity 4 mm x 100 mm Flat Bar, Grade 36

Uniform Load acting on the vertical stiffener, w = P (H) (0.7854m) = 55.70 kN/m

Analysis input for simply supported continuous beam, 3 equal spans

Uniform Load w= 55.70 kN/m

Span L= 0.7854 m

Maximum Shear (from Formula) Vmax = 1.1 x w x L

Vmax = 48.12 kN
Allowable Shear Vallow = (2/3) x Fv x A
Vallow = 26453.33 kN > 48.12 kN ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Maximum Moment (from Formula) Mmax = 0.1 x w x L²

Mmax = 3.44 kNm
Allowable Moment Mallow = Fb x Sx
Mallow = 39.680496 kNm > 3.44 kN ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Maximum Deflection (from Formula)

dmax = 0.0069 x w x L⁴ / EI
dmax = 6.8557E-13 mm
Allowable Deflection dallow = L/270 = 2.91 mm > 6.85565E-13
Check Circular Stiffener Shear and Moment Capacity 4 mm x 100 mm Flat Bar, Grade 36

Uniform Load acting on the Circular stiffener, w = P (H) (0.25m) = 17.73 kN/m

Analysis input for simply supported continuous beam, 3 equal spans

Uniform Load w = 17.7288 kN/m

Span L= 0.25 m

Maximum Shear (from Formula) Vmax = 1.1 x w x L ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Vmax = 4.87542972 kN
Allowable Shear Vallow = (2/3) x Fv x A
Vallow = 79360 kN > 4.875429719 kN ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Maximum Moment (from Formula) Mmax = 0.1 x w x L² ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Mmax = 0.11080522 kN
Allowable Moment Mallow = Fb x S
Mallow = 39.680496 kN > 0.110805221 kN ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Maximum Deflection (from Formula)

dmax = 0.0069 x w x L⁴ / EI
dmax = 2.2402E-15 mm
Allowable Deflection dallow = L/270 = 2.91 mm > 2.24024E-15

Check Shear & Tensile Capacity of Bolts in Circular stiffener 25mm A325

Uniform Load acting on the Vertical stiffener, w = P (H) (0.3m) = 17.73 kN/m

Maximum Shear, 2 bolts Vmax = 1.1 x w x L ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Vmax = 48.12 kN
Shear Capacity 2 bolts Pv = Fuv x Ab x Nb / Ωb
Pv = 77.31 kN > 48.11878766 kN ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Check Tensile Capacity of Bolts in the vertical stiffiner 24 pcs

Consider 6m Height of form, 11 bolts (vertical stiffener) on 4 joints and thickness of plate used is 8mm

from hoop stress, ft = P x D / (2 x t)

Tensile Stress at the plate = 8.86442 MPa

Tensile Force on the resisting Bolts (11) T = ft x Ab / Nb

T= 0.1813 kN

Tensile Capacity of 1 Bolt Tu = Fut x Ab x Nb / Ωb

Tu = 36.202 kN > 0.18130462 kN ∴ 𝑂𝐾
Check Weld Capacity in the vertical stiffener

Consider 90 kN Maximum Shear Force acting on the welding joints.

Force acting on padeye Fr = 90 kN

Weld area required (Fillet Weld), Aw = Fr / Fsw = 725.22 mm²
Weld Length Provided (fillet weld) Lw = 250 mm
Required Fillet Size Aw / (0.707 x Lw) = 4.10309248 mm
Recommeded Minimum fillet size Lreq = 6 mm