CHUYÊN ĐỀ GIỚI TỪ ( PREPOSITION )

1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian:

1.1. In => chỉ khoảng thời gian trong ngày hoặc dài hơn như tháng, năm.
a. In + các buổi trong ngày
In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
b. In + tháng
c. In + năm, thập kỷ, thế kỷ
In 2024
In the 1990s = In the ‘90s = In the ninties
In the 21st century
d. In + khoảng thời gian
In 2 hour In 10 minutes In three days
e. In + mùa (season)
In spring, in summer, in autumn/fall, in winter, in dry season, in the wet season
d. In + các giai đoạn thời gian
In the past In the future In the Ice Age

1.2. At => chỉ thời điểm cụ thể, ko chung chung như ‘in’, thg đi cùng các từ chỉ giờ giấc, độ
tuổi, khoảng thời gian ngắn.
a. At + một số buổi ngắn trong ngày
At night, at noon, at midday, at midnight, at sunrise / sunset, At bedtime …
b. At + giờ cụ thể At the age of 20
At 4 o’clock e. At + giai đoạn/ tg cụ thể
At 4:30 a.m At the beginning of…..
c. At + bữa ăn At the end of…
At breakfast, at lunch, at dinner At the moment
d. At + độ tuổi cụ thể
f. At + một số dịp lễ không có chữ Day
At Chritmas ≠ On Christmas Day, At Easter

1.3. On => chỉ thời gian cụ thể hơn in nhưng không bằng at, thg đi cùng các từ chỉ: ngày
trong tuần, ngày tháng, cum từ chứa ngày, tên ngày lễ có từ ‘Day’.
 a. On + thứ trong tuần
Vào thứ hai: On Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday
b. On + ngày tháng
On the 14th of June = On June 14th : Vào ngày 14 tháng 6
c. On + thứ trong tuần + ngày tháng + năm
On Wednesday, the 15th of November: Vào thứ tư, ngày 15 tháng 11
d. On + cụm từ chứa thứ kèm theo các buổi
Vào sáng thứ hai: On the Monday morning = On the morning of Monday
e. On + cụm từ mang nghĩa là ngày/tuần
Vào cuối tuần: On the weekend ( Anh-Mỹ, at the weekend: Anh-Anh)
Vào tuần này: On this week
Vào ngày kỉ niệm: On the anniversary
Vào các ngày trong tuần: On the weekday
Hàng ngày/Hàng tháng/Hàng năm: On a daily basis/ On a weekly basis/ On a yearly basis
f. On + tên ngày lễ có chứa từ ‘Day’, hoặc các ngày (lễ) đặc biệt
Vào đêm giao thừa: On New Year’s Eve
Vào ngày đầu tiên năm mới: On New Year’s Day
Vào ngày độc lập: On Independence Day
On my birthday, on my graduation day
Áp dụng: Điền in, on or at.
1. ……. Saturday 8. ……. 1980s 16. ……. bedtime
2. ……. 2:00 p.m 9. ……. dinner 17. ……. New Year’s Day
3. ……. the Age of 10. …… 8 minutes 18. ……. Tet
Dinosaurs
11. …… the dry season 19. ……. Wednesday
th
4. ……. December 5 morning
12. …… noon
5. ……. Tuesday morning 20. ……. February 6th
13. …… November
6. ……. summer 21. …….. Independence
14. …… the moment
Day
7. ……. New Year’s Day
15. …… present
22. ……. Thanksgiving
23. ……. our wedding day 24. ……. the beginning of
my carreer.
Một số các giới từ khác:
By: trước(no later than) Since + mốc thời gian
Eg: I will finish my homework by 9 p.m Eg: since 9 p.m, since yesterday
During: trong suốt khoảng thời gian đó Before: trước, trước khi
Eg: during summer, during November Eg: before lunch, before 2050
For + một khoảng thời gian after: sau, sau khi
Eg: For two hour, four a short time Eg: after 8 p.m, after dinner
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn:

2.1. In => Đi cùng các từ chỉ địa điểm rộng lớn như vũ trụ, châu lục, quốc gia, thành phố,
quận, tỉnh. Ngoài ra ‘in’ còn diễn tả không gian mà đối tượng muốn nói đang ở bên trong.
a. In + địa điểm lớn
Trong vũ trụ: In the universe/Milky way
In Asia, in Viet Nam, in the city, in the countryside
b. In + vị trí / từ chỉ phương hướng
Ở phía Bắc: In the north Ở phía Đông:………………………….
Ở phía Nam:………………………… Ở phía Tây:………………………….
In the middle (of st): ở giữa…
In the center (of st): ở trung tâm…
c. In + từ chỉ toà nhà/căn phòng/thứ có thể chứa đựng
In the building: trong toà nhà
In the drawer: trong ngăn kéo
In the kitchen: trong nhà bếp
d. In + phương tiện mà người ngồi trong ko di chuyển đc
In the taxi: trên xe taxi
In the car: trên xe ô tô nhỏ

2.2. At => Dùng trước một địa điểm chính xác ai cũng biết rõ.
a. At + địa chỉ cụ thể b. At + nơi học tập, làm việc
At 275 Nguyen Trai Street At school, At work
c. At + địa điểm công cộng
At the doctor’s
 At the airport
At the railway station
d. At + điểm quy chiếu cụ thể (ở đầu/cuối/… của cái gì)
At the bottom of …
At the edge of …

2.3. On => Mô tả địa điểm cụ thể hơn in như tên đường, trên phương tiện giao thông lớn.
Ngoài ra on còn diễn tả tới vị trí tiếp xúc ở trên cái gì đó.
a. On + từ chỉ phố/tuyến đường
On the street: trên đường
On the tracks: Ở trên đường ray
b. On + bề mặt phẳng
On the table: trên bàn
On the bed: trên giường
c. On + từ chỉ tầng
On the fifth floor: trên tầng 5
d. On + phương tiện giao thông lớn có đủ khoảng không gian để di chuyển
On a bike: trên chiếc xe đạp On the plane: trên máy bay
On the train: trên tàu điện On a bus: trên xe buýt
e. On + vị trí dọc trên đường, dọc bờ biển, hồ
On the road: trên con đường nào On a lake: trên hồ
đó
On a coach: trên bờ biển
On the right/ on the left
Ngoài ra còn có một số giới từ chỉ vị trí, nơi chốn:
Above (phía trên): The ceiling is above us.
Opposite (đối diện): His house is opposite a police station.
Near (gần): An old house is near the river
Between (ở giữa): Her house is between the hospital and the cemetery.
Next to (bên cạnh): A tall man dressing all in black stood up next to me.
Under (ở dưới): Look! The knife is under his shoes.
In front of (ở đằng trước) A black cat appears in front of her eyes
Behind (ở phía sau) Suddenly! The killer is behind her.
“ In năm, in tháng, in mùa
In sáng chiều tối, thứ đưa on vào
Còn giờ giấc tính làm sao
Cứ at đằng trước thể nào cũng xong.”
Bài tập ứng dụng:
3. Khoanh đáp án đúng
1. Be careful while you walk ____________ the street.
A. through B. above C. across D. up
2. Please, go ___________ the stairs carefully.
A. below B. down C. through D. at
3. Put the toys _______ the box, please.
A. on B. in C. up D. through
4. I saw them. They were walking __________ the town.
A. into B. under C. towards D. above
5. The dog is ___________ the bed.
A. through B. between C. into D. under
6. He fell ___________ the bridge but he was OK.
A. over B. under C. up D. off
7. I like skiing ___________ big mountains.
A. up B. down C. over D. across
8. I saw him ____________ noon
A. on B. in C. with D. at
9. The picture is ____________ the wall
A. on B. above C. with D. at
10. Let’s go _________ a picnic
A. in B. for C. with D. at
11. Ottawa is _________ Canada.
A. under B. on C. in D. at
12. What do you think ________ this character?
A. of B. above C. at D. at
13. I shall wait ________ you
A. in B. for C. with D. at
14. He suffers __________ headache.
A. to B. for C. from D. in
15. It is __________ three o’clock; It is nearly a quarter past three.
A. in B. for C. with D. at
16. He jumped __________ the table.
A. through B. over C. out of D. in
17. She walked ______ the street to get to the grocery store.
A. across B. between C. into D. in
18. My brother was born ______ 11 June 2020 and she is 15 years younger than me.
A. at B. on C. by D. in
19. My parents are going ______ vacation.
A. at B. on C. by D. in
4. Khoanh đáp án đúng
1. Jedy was born …………….. the twentieth century.
2. It is said that Fruit trees bloom …………….. April or May.
3. Gettysburg took place …………….. July 1863.
4. I like to take a bath …………….. the morning, but my roommate likes to take a bath
…………….. night.
5. The President lives ………… the White House, which is located …………….. 1600
Pennsylvania Avenue …………….. Washington, D.C.
6. It is located …………….. Madison Avenue ………….. New York City.
7. Mozart died …………. Vienna …………….. 1791 …………….. the age of 35.
8. I saw several people I know …………. the meeting …….….. Saturday afternoon.
9. Leaves turn gold …………….. autumn.
10. Most college volleyball games are played …………….. Saturdays.
11. You should count ………. me.
12. Sam’s birthday is …………….. the end of May, …………….. May 29.
13. There will be lots of interesting events …………….. the coming weeks.
14. His office is ……………….. the third floor.
15. Their fans …………….. red T-shirts were coming with red lightsticks in their hands.
16. Did you hear the news ……….... television or read it …………….. the newspaper?
17. Smartphones are not practical ………….. present, but they may be …………….. the
near future.
19. He is …………….. the park with his children now.
In ấn => dùng ‘in’ (báo, sách, lá thư, truyện,…)
VD: in the newspaper (báo) , in a book, in a comic
Thiết bị điện tử => dùng ‘on’ ( điện thoại, máy tính, ra-đi-ô, tiktok, facebook,…)
VD: on the phone, on the TV, on the radio, on the computer
20. _____ facebook. 24. _____ a letter
21. _____ textbook. 25. _____ Tiktok
22. _____ your mobile screen. 26. _____ the article
23. _____ the poem 27. _____ my laptop
5. Điền in/on/at
1. This morning, we didn’t go to class ……….. time.
2. There isn’t a shop………………… the village where I live. It’s very small.
3. Joe wasn’t ………………… the party. I don’t know why he didn’t go.
4. There were about ten tables ………………… the restaurant, and four tables outside.
5. I don’t know where my umbrella is. Perhaps I left it ………………… the bus.
6. What do you want to study ………………… university?
7. I didn’t feel well when I woke up, so I stayed ………………… bed.
8. We were ………………… Sarah’s house last night. She invited us to dinner.
9. It was a very slow train. It stopped………………… every station.
10.Shall we travel ………………… your car or mine?
11.We took a taxi and Ben followed ………………… his motorbike.
12.I’d like to see a movie. What’s on ………………… the cinema this week?
13.We went to see a movie last night. It was really cold ………………… the cinema.
14.Two people were injured in the accident and are still ………………… hospital.
15.Our flight was delayed. We had to wait ………………… the airport for three hours.
 16.I didn’t expect you to be ………………… home. I thought you’d be …………………
work.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct item

1. This isn’t her skirt. ________ is blue.
A. Hers B. Her C. She D. He
2. ______ daughter is a teacher.
A. Our B. Ours C. Us D. We
3. This is my new dress. Look at _____!
A. I B. mine C. me D. my
4. Linda is _______ cousin.
A. him B. he C. he’s D. his
5. This craft isn’t mine. It’s _______.
A. Him B. She C. Hers D. Them

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer

1. These toys are _______.
A. you B. your C. yours
2. I love ______ grandparents.
A. mine B. me C. my
3. _____ children are young.
A. They’re B. They C. Their
4. That CD is _____.
A. mine B. my C. me
5. These clothes aren’t ______.
A. our B. ours C. we
6. Your bike is a lot faster than __________________.
A. my B. its C. mine
7. The book is _________________ but you’re welcome to read it.
A. mine B. yours C. my
8. _____________ dog is always so friendly
A. There B. They C. Their
9. My sister gets along well with _____________.
A. yours B. you C. your
10. I looked everywhere for my keys but I could only find _____________.
A. your B. yours C. them
11. This car belongs to my father, so it’s _________ car.
A. her B. our C. his D. my
12. Lucy, I don’t like _________ dark hair.
A. my B. her C. his D. your
13. Lora is helping _________ sister now.
A. his B. her C. our D. you
14. My teachers live in _________ country houses.
A. her B. his C. their D. mine
15. Anne met ____________ old friend at the market
A. his B. hers C. her D. mine
6.

7.
8.

9.
Exercise 1: Listen and fill in the missing words.
How do young people communicate today?
Nowadays, teenagers seem to communicate with their peers more on electronic devices
than in (1) ________. They chat with their friends using messaging applications and (2)
________. They chat about almost everything, from homework and games to music
trends. Their conversations tend to be short but can last for (3) __________. Many
teenagers prefer this way of communicating to talking (4) _________. They say that it is
more (5) ________ and they can do many things while chatting. They may be
exchanging (6) _________ with several friends and playing their favourite games at the
same time.
Exercise 2: Listen and choose the correct answer for each question below.
1. What can the computer glasses do?
A. play games B. translate C. find information, get direction
2. What will you be able to do with a 3D browser?
A. smell, touch and interact with web pages
B. touch, eat, and interact physically with web pages
C. see, touch and interact physically with web pages
3. Where will you see the holograms?
A. in front of you B. through the internet C. through webcams
4. How will we make a phone call in 20 or 30 years?
A. by singing B. by thinking C. by dancing
Exercise 3: Listen and fill in the missing words.
FUTURE COMMUNICATION
One way we might see communication (1) ………………. in the future is through
augmented reality (AR). In an augmented-reality system, you view the world through a
technological overlay. This could take the form of a hand-held device like a (2)
………………. - there are several augmented-reality applications already available for
some phones. Another possible application is through a set of augmented-reality glasses.
In either case, you can view the world around you and see real-time (3) ……………….
information about what you’re viewing.
Then there’s video (4) ………………. . While the technology has existed for years,
video calls aren’t popular. It might be because the hardware hasn’t been compelling or
cost-effective (5) ………………. . But now webcams are starting to appear on
televisions and are standard on many laptops. Are we about to enter an era of video
conferencing?
In the distant future, we may be able to communicate by sending our thoughts
through a network (6) ………………… into someone else’s brain. We’re decades away
from such technology, but scientists are working on creating brain-computer interfaces
that allow people to (7) ………………. thoughts directly to a computer. Perhaps 50
years from now we’ll all use an electronic version of (8) ………………. .