Data Communication

Chapter # 03

Communication
Communication is derived from the Latin word

"communis", which means to share is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior.

Data communication
Data communication is used to transmit

messages or data form one point to another point which may be local or remote.

Elements:
1- Transmitter (source) 2- Medium 3- Receiver

DATA
The collection of fact and figure is called data.

OR
The collection of raw material Data can exist in many forms, text data, graphics

data and audio data.

Characteristic of Data Communication

1- Signal Type 2- Transmission mode 3- Direction of transmission

Signal Mode
Data is transmitted in two type of signal, each

requiring different kind of communication technology.

1- Analogue Signals 2- Digital Signals

Analogue Signals
An analog signal is a continuous signal that

contains time-varying quantities and wave forms. There are two characteristics of analogue signal 1- Amplitude 2- Frequency

Digital Signal
A digital signal uses ON/OFF electrical pulses in

discrete rather than a continuous waveform.

Transmission Mode
There are two transmission mode

1- Asynchronous Transmission 2- Synchronous Transmission

Asynchronous Transmission
In Asynchronous Transmission, data is sent one

byte at a time. Each byte consist of 8 bits is preceded by a START bit and a STOP bit.

Synchronous Transmission
In Synchronous Transmission, block or

packets of several bytes at a time are transmitted without START or STOP bits. HEADER & TRAILER bits are inserted at the beginnings and ends of blocks. It is used in large computers to transmit large volume of data.

Direction of Transmission
Another cahracteristic of data transmission is direction. There are three type of transmission. 1. Simplex 2. Half duplex 3. Full duplex

Simplex Transmission
A transmission in which data can travel only in

one direction is called simplex transmission.

Half-duplex Transmission
Half duplex is a two way communication, but data

can travels in only one direction at a time.

Full-duplex Transmission
A transmission in which data can travel in both

direction simultaneously.

Speed and Media

Data transmission speed can be measure by

bandwidth
There are three type of bandwidth 1. Narrowband 2. Voiceband 3. Broadband

Media
Media is a medium through which data can

transmit from sender to receiver.

There are three type of media 1. Wire 2. Microwave (radiowave) 3. Satellite

Wire Media
Twisted pair wire

Coaxial Cable

Fiber Optics

Advantages and disadvantages of Fiber Optics

Transmit data faster than other technology

Light pulses rather than electrical pulses

Light pulses can not effected by

electromagnetic wave. Less transmission losses Disadvantage: fixed in ground not in mobile communication