*

TS. Trn Trng Minh B mn T ng ha XNCN

Vin in, H Bch Khoa H Ni

H Ni, 5/2013

*
Tng quan v cc b bin tn a mc I.1 Cc cu trc bin tn a mc I.1.1 Bin tn a mc cu trc it kp I.1.2 Bin tn a mc cu trc t kp I.1.3 Bin tn a mc cu trc cu H ni tng I.2 Bin tn Perfect Harmony II. B bin tn a mc cu H ni tng II.1 Bin p dch pha II.2 Chnh lu cu ba pha it II.3 Nghch lu ngun p mt pha II.4 Nghch lu ngun p a mc ni tng

I.

*
III. Cc phng php iu ch PWM
III.1 PWM dch mc III.2 PWM dch pha III.3 PWM thm sng hi bc ba

I.

u im: Dng in p ra: in p u ra t b mo v gim sc in

p dv/dt, do gim vn tng thch in t trng (EMC)

in p common-mode: BTM c in p common-mode nh, thm ch c loi b bng cc k thut iu ch tin tin. Dng in u vo: Dng in u vo bin tn t mo Tn s ng ct: C th hot ng tn s ng ct thp nhm gim tn hao ng ct v hiu sut cao hn

Nhc im: S lng van bn dn ln H thng iu khin phc tp v t

*I.1 Cc cu trc bin tn a mc

Bin tn a mc it kp Bin tn a mc t kp

Bin tn a mc cu H ni tng

Hnh 1.1 Cu trc b nghch lu it kp

u im:

Cc pha dng chung ngun DC gip gim s lng t T in c th c np trc trong mt nhm Hiu sut cao Mc in p DC d b dng cao hoc x khng kim sot S lng it kp tng theo t l bnh phng s mc, gy kh khn cho b bin tn c s mc cao

Nhc im:

Hnh 1.2 Cu trc bin tn a mc t kp

u im:

C nhiu trng thi cho mt mc in p gip cn bng mc in p trn cc t iu chnh c cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng S lng t ln cho php b nghch lu hot ng trong ch ngt in v st p trong thi gian ngn iu khin phc tp, khi to gi tr in p ban u cho cc t kh khn

Nhc im:

S lng t nhiu lm tng gi thnh v cng knh
Kh ng gi cho cc b nghch lu vi s mc cao

Hnh 1.3 Cu trc mt pha ca nghch lu cu H ni tng

Hnh 1.4 Cu trc b nghch lu cu H ni tng

u im:

S mc in p ra nhiu hn gp i s ngun mt chiu (2m+1)

Cc cu H ni tip gip d dng m un ha v ng gi Cn cung cp cc ngun DC cch ly

Nhc im:

*
Tham s it kp T kp Cu H ni tng

S lng van
S it phn hi

2(m-1)
2(m-1)

2(m-1)
2(m-1)

2(m-1)
2(m-1)

S it kp
T DC bus T cn bng Tng

(m-1)(m-2)
(m-1) 0 m2+2m-3

0
(m-1) (m-1)(m-2)/2 (m2+7m-8)/2

0
(m-1)/2 0 (9/2)(m-1)

*Bng so snh thnh phn sng hi gia

cc cu hnh bin tn a mc

Thnh phn sng hi (%)

Bin tn m mc
it kp T kp Cu H ni tng

Bin tn 5 mc
Bin tn 7 mc

26,52

27,04

25,28

19,95

21,12

18,18

*I.2 Bin tn Perfect Harmony

Hnh 1.5 So snh mo sng hi ca ba loi bin tn

*I.2 Bin tn Perfect Harmony

Hnh 1.6 So snh h s cng sut gia b Perfect Harmony v b SCR drive

Hnh 1.7 Dng in p v dng in ca bin tn Perfect Harmony khi y ti

*I.2 Bin tn Perfect Harmony

Hnh 1.8 Cu trc tng th bin tn Perfect Harmony

*I.2 Bin
tn Perfect Harmony

Hnh 1.9 S cu trc bin tn Perfect Harmony

*Giao tip vi ngi vn hnh

*I.2 Bin tn Perfect Harmony

Hnh 1.11 Cu trc tng th bin tn Perfect Harmony

Hnh 1.12 T cha cc cell cng sut

II B bin tn a mc cu H ni tng
II.1

Hnh 2.1 S ni dy kiu Y/Z-1

Gc dch pha 00 300

Hnh 2.2 Gin pha kiu Y/Z-1

II B bin tn a mc cu H ni tng
II.1

Hnh 2.3 S ni dy kiu Y/Z-2

Gc dch pha -300 00

Hnh 2.4 Gin pha kiu Y/Z-2

Xt s trit tiu sng hi dng in i vi b bin tn 12 xung

* Dng dng in , v iA
200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100

80 60 40

Dong dien dau vao

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 time (s) 0.02 0.025 0.03

20 0 -20 -40

-150 -200

-60 -80

200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200

0.005

0.01

0.015 time (s)

0.02

0.025

0.03

Hnh 2.6 th dng dng in , v iA

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 time (s) 0.02 0.025 0.03

*p dng cho bin tn 36 xung

Bng 2.1 T s vng dy MBA dch pha

Ai, Bi, Ci (i=1-6) l cc cell cng sut

+25 A1
B1 C1

+15 A2

Y/Z-1 Y/Z-2

+ , , ,

B2 C2

+5 A3
B3 C3

-5

A4 B4 C4

+50
+150

-50
-150

0,532
0,366

-15 A5
B5 C5

+250

-250

0,106

-25 A6
B6 C6

Hnh 2.7 B bin tn 6 tng

*II.2 Chnh lu cu ba pha it

Bng 2.2 S hnh thnh in p chnh lu

II.3 Nghch lu ngun p mt pha

*II.3
- in p u ra ca cu H c th c 3 mc : + Vd, -Vd v 0.

- u ra l +Vd th cc kha T1 v T2 phi dn, tng t nu u ra

l Vd th T3 v T4 dn. Bng cch ng tng cp T1, T3 hoc T2, T4 th in p u ra mc 0.

- u ra ca cc cu H c ni tng vi nhau v vy dng sng in

p tng hp l tng ca cc cu nghch lu. S mc ca nghch lu ni tng c xc nh bi biu thc:
m = 2s + 1 vi s l s cu H c ni tng

II.4. Nghch lu ngun p a mc ni tng

Nghch lu cu H ni tng 5 mc

II.4 Nghch lu ngun p a mc ni tng

Bng II.3. Bng in p v trng thi chuyn mch cc van.

II.4 Nghch lu ngun p a mc ni tng

Dng sng in p ca nghch lu CHB 5 mc. ( Vi Vd = 400 V)

*
- u im : khi s dng cc ngun dc c gi tr
khc nhau l vi s cell cng sut hn ch th s mc ca in p u ra tng ln ng k.

Nhc im : S mc in p tng ln nhng s trng thi chuyn mch vn gi nguyn do tnh linh hot trong vic la chn th t chuyn mch mt i. V vy, cu trc ny b gii hn trong cc ng dng cng nghip.

III.
III.1. Cc phng php iu ch PWM a sng mang
iu ch PWM a sng mang cho nghch lu a mc c th c chia lm hai loi: iu ch dch pha (phase-shifted modulation) v dch mc (level-shifted modulation). C hai phng php ny u c th ng dng c trong nghch lu a mc cu H ni tng (CHB).

III.1.1. PWM sng mang dch pha.

Vi phng php ny, nghch lu yu cu m mc in p u ra th cn s dng (m-1) sng mang tam gic. Tt c sng mang tam gic c cng tn s v bin , nhng gia chng c gc lch pha c xc nh bi biu thc: cr = 360 /(m-1) - Do c s dch pha gia cc sng mang nn ti mt thi im cc kha cc cu H khc nhau s khng ng ct ng thi v vy bc nhy ca in p nghch lu trong mi ln chuyn mch ch l E. iu dn n h s dv/dt v nhiu in t sinh ra u gim.

III.1.1. PWM sng mang dch pha.

PWM dch pha cho nghch lu CHB by mc

III.1.1. PWM sng mang dch pha.

III.1.2. PWM sng mang dch mc. - Cng tng t nh iu ch sng mang dch pha, nghch lu CHB
m mc cng yu cu (m-1) sng mang tam gic cng tn s v bin . Tuy nhin cc sng mang ny li b tr xp chng ln nhau v vy m phng php ny c gi l dch mc. Ty vo cch sp xp m ta c th chia ra thnh ba loi: (a) dch mc gi nguyn pha (in-phase disposition IDP), (b) dch mc o ngc pha xen k (alternative phase opposite disposition APOD), (c) dch mc ngc pha (phase opposition disposition POD).

- T s tn s iu ch mf vn tng t nh iu ch PWM sng

mang dch pha tuy nhin t s bin iu ch c xc nh bi

v l bin sng iu ch v sng mang.

(1)

vi 0 1

III.1.2. PWM sng mang dch mc.

Cc dng iu ch PWM sng mang dch mc

III.1.2. PWM sng mang dch mc.

Nguyn l nghch lu by mc s dng PWM dch mc

III.1.2. PWM sng mang dch mc.

Dng in p v ph sng hi ca nghch lu 7 mc s dng PWM dch mc

III.1.3. So snh PWM sng mang dch mc v dch pha.

Tm li, v vn gim nh hng ca mo sng hi th phng php PWM dch mc cho cht lng tt hn. Tuy nhin, PWM dch mc cn i km vi thut ton xoay vng gia cc cu H gim s chnh lch tn s v thi gian dn gia cc phn t.

III.2.
* Vi iu ch in p ra hnh sin theo mch in tng ng vi s
na cu in p ra trn mi pha u ra ch thay i gia +/- UDC/2, l bin ln nht ca in p ra. Chnh v vy theo SPWM h s iu ch ln nht ch l Mmax= (UDC/2)/ (2/.UDC )= /4=0,785 (m=1). * Thc ra vi s cu khng cn im gia ca mch DC v in p ra l +UDC v UDC. iu ny ngha l bin in p sng sin c bn iu ch ra nghch lu c th ln hn, t nht l n 2/.UDC nh dng in p ra 6 xung. * Phng php iu ch c thnh phn th t 0 da trn c s l trong h thng ba pha cn bng thnh phn th t khng c tr khng v cng ln. iu ny ngha l nu trong dng sng chun mong mun c thnh phn sng hi bc 3 th thnh phn ny khng th xut hin dng sng in p ra. Thnh phn sng hi bc 3 trn mi pha th hin trn th ca im trung tnh ti, uZn . Nu uZn c sng hi bc 3 th in p ra cng khng b nh hng g.

III.2.
*Nu thm vo thnh phn sng hi bc 3 trn dng in p sng

sin chun, c th m rng c di thay i ca bin sng hi bc nht in p ra m khng nh hng g n di iu ch tuyn tnh ca VSI ba pha. *Sng bc 3 thm vo c th c dng sin, tam gic, hoc ch nht. *Bin sng bc 3 hnh sin bng bin sng ra mong mun c bn tng ng vi h s sng hi dng in ra nh nht. *Sng bc 3 bng 1/6 sng c bn th di iu ch tuyn tnh c m rng ra n ln nht n M max / 2 3 0,907 . H s iu ch mmax m rng n 1,154, tc l tng thm c 15,4%. *H s mmax m rng c n gi tr no m dng sng iu ch thu c mref cn nh hn hoc bng 1, ngha l vn trong vng tuyn tnh i vi tn hiu rng ca.

III.2.
Minh ha phng php to tn hiu iu khin trong iu ch vi thnh phn sng hi bc 3. Hai dng tn hiu sng bc ba c dng: - Sng bc 3 hnh sin (bin hoc 1/6 bin sng c bn). - Sng bc 3 hnh tam gic. Tng ng vi iu ch vector khng gian SVPWM.

III.2.
Minh ha ZSS-PWM. Dng tn hiu sng bc ba c dng: Sng bc 3 hnh sin bin 1/6 bin sng c bn.