THE ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM

The Endocrine System

Pituitary Gland
The Pituitary Gland is a pea-sized
structure hanging from the base of the brain.
One of the pituitarys more important roles
is regulation of growth.
1. Giantism
2. Dwarfism
3. Acromegaly
Also, called the Master Gland.

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland
The Thyroid gland is located in the neck, it
regulates metabolism. Because metabolism
is the rate at which energy is produced and
expended in the body.
1. Hypothyrodism
2. Cretinism
3. Hyperthyrodism

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland
The parathyroid glands are small
endocrine glands in the neck, usually
located behind the thyroid gland, which
produce parathormone. It is the hormone
necessary to control the balance of various
minerals in the bloodstream especially
calcium.
Parathormone is absolutely
essential for life.

Parathyroid Gland

Adrenal Gland
The adrenal glands produce hormones that help
control the heart rate, blood pressure, the way the
body uses food, and other vital functions.
1. Adrenal cortex secretes steroid (cortisonerelated) hormones and mineralocortoids that
regulate the levels of minerals such as sodium
and potassium in the blood.

2. Adrenal medulla is the inner part of the

adrenal gland, is not essential to life, but helps a
person in coping with physical and emotional
stress

Adrenal Gland

Islets of Langerhans
These are group of cells located
in the pancreas.
They secrete
insulin that is needed in the
regulation of blood sugar by the
cells. Its primary function is to
control the metabolism of glucose.

Islets of Langerhans

Sex Glands (Gonads)

The ovaries for females
produce
estrogen
and
progesterone.
The
estrogenic hormones are
uniquely responsible for
the
growth
and
development of female
sexual characteristics and
reproduction
in
both
humans
and
animals.
Progesterone is often called
the pregnancy hormone.

Sex Glands (Gonads)

Testosterone is the
androgenic
hormone
primarily
responsible
for normal growth and
development of male
sex and reproductive
organs. It facilitates the
development
of
secondary male sex
characteristics