Structure of Skin and Its

Appendages

dr. Ni Made Linawati, M.Si

Histology department
Medical Faculty of Udayana University

OUTLINE
1. Skin :
- Thick skin
- Thin skin

layer, cells
2. Skin Appendages :
- Sebaceous gland
- Sweat gland
- Hair
- Nail

Structures of the Skin

Nerves
Sweat pore
Hair follicle

Blood
vessels

Hair
Sebaceous
gland

Epidermis

Dermis

Muscle
Sweat
gland

Hypodermis

Fat

Functionals of the skin structure

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

Permeability barrier : epidermis

Protection: from pathogen,uv
Thermoregulation : sweat gland, blood vessel
Reception of continual sensations from the
environment : merkel cells, meisners
Excretion : sweat gland
Physical appearance : melanocyte
Wound repair/regeneration
Absorpsion : epidermis

Skin layer
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3.Hypodermis

EPIDERMIS
Origin from ectoderm
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
5 or 4 stratums
4 cells types
Dermis
Origin from mesoderm
Connective tissue : cells, matrix; fibers
2 layers contents
HIPODERMIS
Loose connective tissue
Accumulate of adipocyte cells

CELLS OF THE EPIDERMIS

Immigrant Cells of The Epidermis

Keratinocytes

The largest population of

cells

Arranged in five layer

Morphology : different
depend on the strata

Cells in diff. strata produced

diff. type of keratin protein

Keratinocyte differentiation

Melanocytes

Neural crest epidermis

Synthesize melanin
Deep layer of epidermis
Morphology : rounded or
cuboid; proc of cytoplasm
stratum spinosum
Cytoplasm granules
melanosomes cytocrine
secretion
Protect us from uv
radiation ??????

SEL LANGERHANS

3 8 % of epidermal cells

From precursor cells in BM

Location : on the stratum
spinosum

Mophology : stellate, dark

nuclei, clear cytoplasm

DERMIS

dermis: Papillary and Reticular layers

Papillary Layer

Reticular Layer

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

Sensory Receptors of The Skin

SKIN APPENDAGES

SEBASEOUS GLAND

SWEAT GLAND

HAIR

NAIL

SEBASEOUS GLAND

SEBASEOUS GLAND

SWEAT GLAND
ECCRINE

SWEAT GLAND MEROCRINE

APOCRINE SWEAT GLAND UNDER THE
INFLUENCE OF HORMONES
MODIFIED GLAND : CERUMINOUS AND
MAMMARY GLAND
SECRETORY

UNIT, DUCT,
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS

Sweat Glands

SWEAT GLANDS (ECCRINE)

SWEAT GLANDS (APOCRINE)

Sweat Glands

HAIR

Filamentous, keratinized
structures that project
from the epidermal
surface of the skin
Type 3
Hair follicles develop from
epidermis and invade the
dermis and hypodermis
Hair root and dermal
papilla hair bulb
Hair shaft
Cells : matrix cells,
melanocytes

HAIR FOLLICLE

Functions: warm, shield,

filter

Hair growth cycles:

anagen, catagen, telogen

NAIL

Keratinized epithellial
cells arranged in plates of
hard keratin
Term : nail plate, nail bed,
nail matrix, nail root,
eponychium,
hyponychium, lunula

SUMMARY
Thick

vs thin skin different

- in epidermis (stratum 5 vs 4)
Skin appendages :
- Sweat Gland (ecrine vs apocrine SG)
- Sebaseous Gland
Secretion; location; open; hormonal influence;
etc
- Hair, nail
skin vs hair vs nail : differ in keratin type

THANK YOU