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  • Lecture 3 L I P I D S Structure and Functions: Chemistry Education Department UPI

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    Icha Yulia Gustiani
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    The document summarizes lipids, which are organic compounds that are not considered macromolecules as they are not composed of monomers. Lipids serve important functions like energy storage, components of cell membranes, and hormones. The main types of lipids discussed are fatty acids, fats/triglycerides, waxes, phospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and retinoids. Lipid structures and functions, as well as lipid extraction processes, are also covered briefly.

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    Materi kuliah lipid from bu Titin

    Original Title

    Lipid

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    The document summarizes lipids, which are organic compounds that are not considered macromolecules as they are not composed of monomers. Lipids serve important functions like energy storage, components of cell membranes, and hormones. The main types of lipids discussed are fatty acids, fats/triglycerides, waxes, phospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and retinoids. Lipid structures and functions, as well as lipid extraction processes, are also covered briefly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views53 pages

    Lecture 3 L I P I D S Structure and Functions: Chemistry Education Department UPI

    Uploaded by

    Icha Yulia Gustiani
    The document summarizes lipids, which are organic compounds that are not considered macromolecules as they are not composed of monomers. Lipids serve important functions like energy storage, components of cell membranes, and hormones. The main types of lipids discussed are fatty acids, fats/triglycerides, waxes, phospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and retinoids. Lipid structures and functions, as well as lipid extraction processes, are also covered briefly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 53

    BIOCHEMISTRY1

    Lecture3
    LIPIDS
    Structureandfunctions

    ChemistryEducationDepartmentUPI

    LIPIDS
    Notconsideredmacromoleculessincenot
    composedofmonomers
    Organiccompoundslowwatersolubility
    Storageofenergy,componentsofcell
    membranes,hormones

    CELLSMEMBRANE:LIPIDBILAYERS

    FattyAcid

    Fats(triacylglycerols/triglycerides)

    triacylglycerols

    FatsinCell

    WAXES

    Triacontanoylpalmitate(beeswax)

    Spermacetisource

    Carnaubawaxsource
    Beeswax

    WAXES
    Wax
    Carnuba
    Beeswax
    Spermacetic

    Alcohol

    FattyAcid

    CH3(CH2)28CH2OH

    CH3(CH2)24COOH

    CH3(CH2)28CH2OH

    CH3(CH2)14COOH

    CH3(CH2)14CH2OH

    CH3(CH2)14COOH

    STRUCTURALLIPIDS(INNERMEMBRANE)
    Phospholipids

    LGlycerol3phosphate

    Sphingolipids

    Glycosphingolipidsasdeterminantsofbloodgroups

    STEROID

    LIPIDLAIN
    1.FOSPOLIPID
    Terbentukpadaselseluruhtubuhdalam
    bentuklipoprotein
    2.LIPOPROTEIN
    Terbentukdihati.Untukdapatlarutdalam
    air,kolesterol,trigliseridadanfosfolipidharus
    membentuksenyawakomplekdenganprotein
    membentuklipoprotein

    MacammacamLipoprotein
    1.Kilomikron:Lipoproteindenganmassajenis
    sangatrendah.=VLDL(Verylowdensity
    lipoprotein).
    VLDLdapatbergabungmembentukLDL;dikenal
    sebagailipidjahat.
    2.Lipoproteindenganmassajenissangatrendah.=
    HDL(Highdensitylipoprotein).Konsentrasi
    proteintinggidantrigliseridarendah.Dikenal
    sebagailipidbaik.

    LIPIDSASASIGNAL,
    COFACTORANDPIGMENT

    Steroidsderivedfrom
    cholesterol.Testosterone,
    producedinthetestes.
    Estradiol,isproducedinthe
    ovariesandplacenta.Cortisol
    andaldosteronesynthesizedin
    thecortexoftheadrenalgland;
    theyregulateglucose
    metabolismandsaltexcretion,
    respectively.Prednisoloneand
    prednisonearesyntheticsteroids
    usedasantiinflammatory
    agents

    Terpenoid

    VitD

    VitA

    ISOPRENOIDISBIOLOGICALLYACTIVE

    LipidExtraction

    TASK
    PLEASEREADABOUT
    LIPIDSCOMPLEX

    SIFATFISIKADANKIMIA
    ALKOHOL
    Lipida

    SifatFisika

    SifatKimia

    1.AsamLemak

    1.KelarutanBerkurangdengan
    bertambahnyarantaiC.
    TitikLebur:rendah

    1. Denganbasamembentuk
    sabun.
    RCOONa:sabunkeras
    RCOOK:SabunLunak

    Busaberkurang:jikaairbersifat
    sadah

    2.Hiodrogenasi
    Direaksikandengangas
    hidrogen,katalisPt.
    3.Oksidasi
    Asamlemaktakjenuhdengan
    KMnO4teroksidasimenjadi
    karboksilat.

    SIFATFisikadanKimiaLIPID
    Lipid

    SifatFisika

    SifatKimia

    Lemak

    Lemakhewan:padat.
    Lemaktumbuhan:cair

    1. BilanganIodium
    (BanyaknyagramI2yang
    dapatbereaksidengan100
    gramlemak)
    I2+C=C

    Tersusundariasamlemakjenuh
    TL=tinggi(gliseroltristeratTL
    =71oC)
    Gliseroltrioleat=17oC

    2.Hidrolisis
    Lemakdihidrolisis
    menghasilkanasamlemakdan
    gliserol.

    2.Larutdalamalkoholpanas.

    3.Bilanganpenyabunan=
    banyaknyagramKOHyang
    dapatmenyabunkan1gram
    lemak

    3.Saltingout.

    4.Oksidasilemaktakjenuh,
    menghasilkanperosida.
    Oksidasilebihlanjut
    menghasilkanaldehidadan
    asamkarboksilat.

    Lipid

    SifatFisika

    SifatKimia

    Kolesterol

    Konsentrasitinggidapat
    membentukkristal.tidak
    berasa,tidakberbaudantidak
    berwarna.Menyempitkanpembuluh
    darah.

    1. Reaksi
    Salkowski:larutan

    2.

    kolesteroldalam
    kloroform,dituangkan
    dalamasamsulfat
    pekat,kolesterol
    membentukwarnabiru
    yangakanberubah
    menjadimerahdan
    ungu.
    LiebermanBurchard:
    larutankolesteroldalam
    kloroform,
    ditambahkananhidrida
    asamasetatdan,asam
    sulfatpekat,mulamula
    berwarnamerah,
    kemudianbirudan

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