.

:
1. G1
2. G2
3.

(:1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, )

 :
1.
2.

1.
2.

1.
2.

 :
1.
2. ( ):
-
-
-
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
:
)

-


)
,
(5p-, 4p-, 9p-)
2.

 ()

crossing overa,


1. Chri du chat (5-)
2. Wolff- (4-)
3. (13q-)
4. De Grouchy I (18-) De Grouchy II (18q-)

Chri du chat-
( 5p-)

,
, ,

de novo

IQ 20-30

Wolff-
( 4p-)

,
,

IQ 20

 4
(Wolf-o )

De Grouchy I - I
( 18-)

, ,

,
,
, ,

Pterigium colli

5.


IQ-50

De Grouchy II - II
( 18q-)

,

,

,
,

de novo

IQ 30-70


1.
-
-
2.



1.
, ,
:
a)

)

)

2.
crossing over-
-

. (Hb)

(crosswise)
izo X 46, Xi (Xq)


-

180o

ABCDEFGHIJ
ABFEDCGHIJ

) a

1. 25%
2. 25%
3. 50%

1. 50%
2. 50%

( 50%
-25%
25% )

,
.
A BCDEFG
AB F G C D E

:
1.
2.
3. ()

1.

: 1:500

1. 50%

2. 25%

3. 25%

1. 7%

2. 3%

9 22
( )





:
1.
2. x
()




(. 21 21, 22 22, 15
15...).




(.
14 21, 15 21...).

 14q21q



,
.

7,21

7,21