An Introduction To

Two Port Networks

The University of Tennessee

Electrical and Computer Engineering
Knoxville, TN
wlg
 Two Port Networks
Generalities: The standard configuration of a two port:

I1 I2
+ +
Input Output
V1
_ Port The Network Port
V2
_

The network ?

The voltage and current convention ?

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Network Equations:

V1 = z11I1 + z12I2 V2 = b11V1 - b12I1

Impedance
Z parameters V2 = z21I1 + z22I2 I2 = b21V1 b22I1

I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 V1 = h11I1 + h12V2

Admittance Hybrid
Y parameters H parameters I2 = h21I1 + h22V2
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2

Transmission V1 = AV2 - BI2 I1 = g11V1 + g12I2

A, B, C, D
parameters I1 = CV2 - DI2 V2 = g21V1 + g22I2

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters:

V z11 is the impedance seen looking into port 1

z 1
11 I I 0 when port 2 is open.
1 2

V z12 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the

z 1 voltage at port 1 to the current at port 2 when
12 I I 0
2 1 port 1 is open.

V z21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the

z 2
21 I I 0 voltage at port 2 to the current at port 1 when
1 2
port 2 is open.
V
z 2 z22 is the impedance seen looking into port 2
22 I I 0
2 1 when port 1 is open.

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Y parameters:

I y11 is the admittance seen looking into port 1

y 1
11 V V 0 when port 2 is shorted.
1 2

I y12 is a transfer admittance. It is the ratio of the

y 1 current at port 1 to the voltage at port 2 when
12 V V 0
2 1 port 1 is shorted.

I y21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the

y 2
21 V V 0 current at port 2 to the voltage at port 1 when
1 2
port 2 is shorted.
I
y 2 y22 is the admittance seen looking into port 2
22 V V 0
2 1 when port 1 is shorted.

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 1

Given the following circuit. Determine the Z parameters.

I1 I2
8 10

+ +

V1 20 20 V2

_ _

Find the Z parameters for the above network.

 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 1 (cont 1)

For z11: For z22:

Z11 = 8 + 20||30 = 20 Z22 = 20||30 = 12

I1 I2
8 10
For z12:
+ +

V1 20 20 V2
V
z 1 _ _
12 I I 0
2 1

20 xI 2 x 20 Therefore: 8 xI 2
V1 8 xI 2 z12 8 = z 21
20 30 I2
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 1 (cont 2)

The Z parameter equations can be expressed in

matrix form as follows.

V1 z11 z12 I 1
V z
2 21 z 22 I 2

V1 20 8 I 1
V 8 12 I
2 2
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 2 (problem 18.7 Alexander & Sadiku)

You are given the following circuit. Find the Z parameters.

I1 I2
1 4

+ +
+ 2
1 Vx
V1 V2
- 2Vx
_
_
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 2 (continue p2)

I1 I2
V 1 4
z 1
11 I I 0 + +
1 2 + 2
1 Vx
V1 V2
-
V V 2V x 6V x V x 2V x 2Vx
I1 x x _
_

1 6 6
3V x
I1 ; but V x V1 I 1 Other Answers
2
Z21 = -0.667
Substituting gives;
Z12 = 0.222
3V1 I 1 or
V1 5
z11
I1
2 I1 3
Z22 = 1.111
 Two Port Networks
Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):

The defining equations are:

V1 A B V2
I C D I
1 2

V1 V1
A B
V2 I2 = 0 I2 V2 = 0

I1 I1
C D
V2 I2 = 0 I2 V2 = 0
 Two Port Networks
Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):
Example Given the network below with assumed voltage polarities and
Current directions compatible with the A,B,C,D parameters.

I1 -I2

+ +
R1
V1 R2 V2
_
_

We can write the following equations.

V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2

V2 = R2I1 + R2I2

It is not always possible to write 2 equations in terms of the Vs and Is

Of the parameter set.
 Two Port Networks
Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):
Example (cont.)

V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2

V2 = R2I1 + R2I2

From these equations we can directly evaluate the A,B,C,D parameters.

V1 R1 R2 V1
A = B = R1
V2 I2 = 0 R2 I 2 V2 = 0

I1 I1
C =
1 D = 1
V2 I2 = 0 R2 I2 V2 = 0

Later we will see how to interconnect two of these networks together for a final answer
* notes
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: The equations for the hybrid parameters are:

V1 h11 h12 I 1
I h h22 V2
2 21

V1 V1
h11 h12
I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

I2 I2
h21 h22
I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: The following is a popular model used to represent
a particular variety of transistors.

I1 K1 I2

+ + +

V1 K2V2 K4 V2
_ K3V1
_ _

We can write the following equations:

V1 AI 1 BV2
V2
I 2 CI 1
D
* notes
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: V1 AI 1 BV2
V2
I 2 CI 1
D

We want to evaluate the H parameters from the above set of equations.

V1 V1
h11 = K1
h12 = K2
I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

I2
h21 = K3 I2 1
I1 V2 = 0
h22 = K
4
V2 I1 = 0
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: Another example with hybrid parameters.

Given the circuit below.

I1 -I2
The equations for the circuit are:
+ +
R1
V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2
V1 R2 V2
_ V2 = R2I1 + R2I2
_

The H parameters are as follows.

V1 V1
h11 = h12 = 1
I1 V2=0
R1 V2 I1=0

I2 I2 1
h21 = -1 h22 =
I1 V2=0 V2 I1=0 R2
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
Earlier we found the z parameters of the following network.

I1 I2
8 10

+ +

V1 20 20 V2

_ _

V1 20 8 I 1
V 8 12 I
2 2

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
We modify the network as shown be adding elements outside the two ports

I1 I2
6 8 10

+ + +
10 v V1 20 20 V2 4
_

_ _

We now have:

V1 = 10 - 6I1

V2 = - 4I2
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
We take a look at the original equations and the equations describing
the new port conditions.

V1 20 8 I 1 V1 = 10 - 6I1
V 8 12 I
2 2 V2 = - 4I2

So we have,

10 6I1 = 20I1 + 8I2

-4I2 = 8I1 + 12I2

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:

Rearranging the equations gives,

1
I 1 26 10
I 8
8
0
2 16

I1 0.4545
I -0.2273
2
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameters and Beyond:

Given the following network.

I1 1
I2

+ +
1 s
V1 V2
s
_ _
1

(a) Find the Y parameters for the network.

(b) From the Y parameters find the z parameters

 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example
I I
y 1 y 1
I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 11 V V 0 12 V
1 2 2 V 0
1
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2
I I
I2 y 2 y 2
I1 1 21 V V 0 22 V V 0
1 2 2 1
+ +
1 s
V1
s V2
short
_ _ We use the above equations to
1 evaluate the parameters from the
network.
To find y11

2
V1 I 1 ( s ) I 2 so
I
y 1 s + 0.5
1
2 s 1
=
21 s 11 V
1 V 0
2
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example

I1 I2
1
I
y 2 + +
21 V V 0
1 2 1 s
V1
s V2
_ _
1

We see

V1 2I 2 I
y 2 = 0.5 S
21 V
1
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example
I1 I2
1

To find y12 and y21 we reverse short + +

1 s
things and short V1 V1
s V2
_ _
I 1
y 1
12 V V 0
2 1
I
We have y 2
22 V V 0
2 1

We have

V2 2I1
2s 1
V2 I 2 y22 0.5
( s 2) s
I
y 1 = 0.5 S
12 V 2
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example

Summary:

y11 y12 s 0.5 0.5

y
y22 0.5 0.5 1 s
Y =
21

Now suppose you want the Z parameters for the same network.
 Two Port Networks
Going From Y to Z Parameters

For the Y parameters we have: For the Z parameters we have:

I Y V V Z I
1
From above; V Y I Z I
Therefore
y y
22 12
where
z z
Y
1
Y Y detY
Z Y 11 12
y
21 22
z z
21
y
11

Y Y
Two Port Parameter Conversions:
 Two Port Parameter Conversions:

To go from one set of parameters to another, locate the set of parameters

you are in, move along the vertical until you are in the row that contains
the parameters you want to convert to then compare element for element

H
z11
h22
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks

Three ways that two ports are interconnected:

ya Y parameters
y ya yb
* Parallel

yb

Z parameters
z za zb
za
* Series
zb

ABCD parameters

* Cascade Ta Tb T Ta Tb
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Consider the following network:

I1 I2
R1 R1
V2
Find + +
V1
V1 R2 R2 V2
T1 T2
_ _

Referring to slide 13 we have;

R1 R2 R R
R1 1 2 R1 V
V1 R R2 2
I 2
1 1 1 I
1 1 2

R2 R2
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks

R1 R2 R R
R1 1 2 R1 V
V1 R R2
I 2 2
1 I
1 1 1 1 2

R2 R2
Multiply out the first row:

R R 2 R R R
V1 1 2 1 V 1 2 R R ( I )
R R 2 R 1 1
2
2 2 2

Set I2 = 0 ( as in the diagram)

V2 R2 2 Can be verified directly

R1 3 R1 R2 R2 2 by solving the circuit
2
V1
End of Lesson
Two-Port Networks