Professional Documents
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Life on edge
Thermophiles
Obsidian Pool,
Yellowstone National Park
Psychrophiles
Chemical Extremes
Acidophiles - Acidic
Again some thermal vents & hot springs
Alkaliphiles - Alkaline
Soda lakes in Africa and Western U.S.
Halophiles - Highly saline
Natural salt lakes and manmade pools
Sometimes occurs with extreme alkalinity
Acidophiles
pH 0-1 of waters
at Iron Mountain
Alkaliphiles
Halophiles
Survival
Temperature extremes
Every part of microbe must function at
extreme
“Tough” enzymes for Thermophiles
“Efficient” enzymes for Psychrophiles
Many enzymes from these microbes are
interesting
Enzyme
Product B
Substrate A
Product C
What are enzymes?
Activation energy
Enzymes allow reactions with lower energy
Without Enzyme
Energy
With Enzyme
Time
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are just a protein
They can be destroyed by
Heat, acid, base
They can be inhibited by
Cold, salt
Heat an egg white or add vinegar to milk
Protein is a major component of both-
denatures
Practical Applications
Extremozymes
Enzyme from Extremophile
Industry & Medicine