After the process

completion, the final

stage is the design
of a suitable storage Storage tank
tank.
A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases
or liquids at a pressure different from the ambient pressure.
For the storage of volatile liquids, internal pressure vessel is used
as a storage tank with an internal floating roof.
Internal floating roof is used in case we have a volatile liquid.
This helps in reducing the loss of vapours. The deck in internal
floating roof tanks rises and falls with the liquid level.

Contact decks can be:

•aluminium sandwich panels
•fibre glass reinforced polyester (FRP)
•pan steel decks floating in contact with the liquid

Floating roof
Pressure vessels may theoretically be almost of any shape e.g.
•Spheres
•Cylinders
•cones
A common design is a cylinder with hemispherical end caps
called heads.
Theoretically, a sphere would be the optimal shape of a
pressure vessel. But
A spherical shape is difficult to manufacture
more expensive
Difficult to erect
so most pressure vessels are cylindrical with 2:1 semi-elliptical
heads or end caps on each end.
Internal view of an internal floating roof tank
Collapse of a
storage tank as a
result of design fault
Density of gasoline at 20 oC = 737.22 kg/m3
ρ1/ρ2 = [1 + c*T1]/ [1 + c*T2] *engineering measurement methods by T A Polak

ρ1 = [1 + 0.001(44.1)/1 + 0.001(20)] * 737.22

Density at 44.1 C = 754.63 kg/m3 for gasoline
Volume for 66125 kg of gasoline = 66125/756.17 = 84.45 m3
10 % of liquid volume = 84.45*0.1 = 8.45 m3
Volume of storage tank = 82.45 + 8.45 = 92.895 m3
For cylinders, L/D = 2 *coulson and Richardson, Vol. 6
V = π/4 LD2 (:- L = 2D)
92.895 = π/2 D3
D3 = 59.138 m3
D = 3.89 m
L = 7.79 m
Static pressure of liquid in the tank = pi = ρgh = 737.22*9.8*7.79
= 57610 N/m2 = 0.058 N/mm2
Now,
Design pressure = 0.058 * 1.1 = 0.063 N/mm2
Now, design stress for carbon steel at 44.1 C
= 135 N/mm2 *coulson and richardson vol. 6, table 13.2
Wall thickness = e = Pi*Di/2f – Pi
e = (0.063 * 3.89*103)/ (2*135 – 0.063)
e = 0.908 mm
Adding corrosion allowance of 2 mm, as we have less corrosive environment,
e = 0.908 + 2
e = 2.908 mm
We will use Wall thickness e = 13 mm

since we do have a low pressure, therefore wall thickness

according to our calculation was less than the
recommended one. And now we have to use
recommended wall thickness according to coulson and
Richardson . Vol. 6
Now,
The pressure inside the tank is very low,
Therefore, we use a torispherical head
For torispherical head,
Rc = 3.89 * 103 mm
Rk = 0.06 * Rc
Rk = 0.06*3.89*103
Rk = 233.4 mm
Cs = ¼[3 + √(Rc/Rk)] *coulson and richardson vol. 6
Cs = 1.771
So, now
e = PiRcCs/2Jf + Pi(Cs – 0.2) + C *coulson and Richardson vol. 6
e = 0.063*3.89*103*1.771 / 2*135 + 0.063(1.771 – 0.2) + 2
e = 1.607 mm + 2 mm
e = 3.607 mm
Using standard values for thickness of head,
e = 11 mm