OBTAINING,

ANALYZING,and
RECORDING INFORMATION
REPORTER:
MARY ANN GABORNI- NAVALES
Obtaining Information
A. General Suggestion For Obtaining Information
1. Make Sure you are ready – The instrument to used should be ready

1. Make sure your students are ready – Students are told what are expected of them
example: give the carefully written instruction goals.

B. Suggestions for using the instruments of observation

Observation – is a very important information gathering technique.

Suggestions:
1. Be Objective – concentrate on the behaviour under observation or the specific
characteristics of the product being observed.
TYPES OF ERRORS ARE SO COMMON
AMONG OBSERVERS
1. Halo Effect- it occurs when an observer is influenced in his observations by
his general impression on the person or product he is rating

2. Generosity Error – if the observer have a tendency to rate everyone high.

severe error- when observer have a tendency to rate everything and
everyone very low
Central tendency error- when observer have a tendency to rate everyone or
everything somewhere in the middle.

3. Logical Error- the kind of error which occurs because the observers does
not fully understand the relationship among the many
variables which interact in a given situation
2. Focus on Relevant Behaviours – a good observers must keep focused on the
characteristics of interest
example, if you are rating a speaker and you are primarily interested in
mechanics of eye contact, gesturing, and voice control, then you should not
pay much attention to the content of the speech.

3. Be Unobtrusive – it means even if you are obtaining maximum performance

information, making notes- taking obvious. You should not call attention to
yourself by making obvious signs of approval or disapproval

4. Observe Often – in observing daily you will increase your ability to make
observations.
Suggestions for Observing without Any Instruments
1. Recording of Anecdotes – is simply a statement describing an observation
◦ Ex. Of an Anecdote
Jhon Smith – Observer
Ann Lee – Student
10/ 27/ 69

Ann came to reading class without her book. She talked to Sue, Jhon, and Amy on her way to get
her book. When we began to read, Ann had her book open to the wrong page.
Reading Group II – Ann was transferred to this group yesterday.

2. Ranking Procedures – an observation technique which require no scale.

 Rank- order method- the observer rate simply rank or orders the individuals from worst to
best.
 Sorting method – the observer sorts the individuals into a pre determined number of pile

Ex. First to Fourth

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION
Steps to analysis of Information
1. Review the questions
The questions generated before the information was gathered should be
reviewed.
Why was this particular information necessary? What question was it to answer?
What decision are to be made based on this information?
2. Organized the Information
 Gather together all relevant information that has been collected
 If, necessary sort information into parts which belong together.
 May have already been analysed some maybe partly analysed, and
some may need analysis
3. Analyze quantitative Information
Tally sheets are useful for summarizing information such as production figures

4. Analyze qualitative Information

 Analysis of qualitative information is a creative and critical process. The way
how information is gathered will probably determined how it can be
analyse

5. Integrate Information
 Putting the analysed parts together in a way that tells the complete story
can be done by the team that has been assigned to gather and analyse
information
RECORDING INFORMATION
Steps in Recording Information
1. Recording Test Data – assign no. to each test as it given.
2. Recording Observational Data ( data from checklist)
3. Recording Data from Inquiry – can be summarized in few statements.
◦ Simply put them in the file folder of the person who filed out the questions or
of the person that the questionnaire or interview was about.
“ Thank You
”