BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 1

Man and Environment

Asst. Dr. Nantana Gajaseni

<gnantana@chula.ac.th>
What is environment?

 Q. What is environment?
 A. It depends!

 Q. Depends on what?
 A. Depends on "Environment
of whom?"

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 Q.
How about
“environment of human”?

 A.Wait and see!

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 Q. Who is "human"?
 A. Wait until the next section!

 Q. Is human a living object?

 A. ?

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The human animal
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 Q 1. What is living object?

 Q 2. What are differences

between living and non-living
objects?

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 A. From biological perspective:

 Life = biosystems organized by

interactions between biological
components interacting with physical
environments, and become a unified
whole with capacity to maintain
homeostasis and self-perpetuation

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Sign of life

 1. Highly complex organization =

all other characteristics of life
emerge from an organism’s
complex organization

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 2. Self-homeostasis =
Self-maintenance of a
steady-state internal
environment in the
variations of external
environment.

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 3. Self-perpetuation
= Life comes only from life.

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 4.
Growth and development =
the increment of volume and
changes in structure and
functions to suit with new
form of life

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Insert larva picture

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 5.
Interactions = Life needs
energy and matter utilization
for maintenance of life

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6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a
result of the interaction
between organisms and their
environments

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 7.Response = Life adjusts
itself to the environment.

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 From biological perspective,
these are biological
spectrum

 Biotic components

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Gene

รูป Cell Org

biotic an
component

Organis
m
Commu Populat
nities ions
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Biotic components cannot
survive in isolation.

They must interact with physical

or a biotic environments.

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Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs,
and outputs in a system
System Throughputs (flows)
System Inputs
System Outputs

Information Useless
information

Energy Waste heat

Matter Waste
matter
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Interaction between each biotic
level with physical environment
through energy, matter, and
information produces
characteristic functional system.

"Biosystem" or "life"

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Organizational hierarchy in nature
can be seen from "universe"
down to "subatomic particles".

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 Milky way

Universe

Galaxy

รูป solar
Solar system

system
Earth

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The natural world is organized,
diverse, dynamic, and yet
complex.

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Q. How can life be
seen in nature?

A. A hierarchy of
organization of matter.

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Fig 3-6

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Then, there is hierarchy
of biosystems.

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Q. What is the determinant of
life?

A. Environment by
evolutionary processes.

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Fig 20’

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 Q. How did life emerge on the
Earth?

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Fig 8-11 (21’)

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 Chemical Biological
evolution evolution
1 billion 3.7 billion

Transparency
years years

78
Fig 6-5 summary of the evolution of
the earth and its life.
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Q. Is human a hierarchy of
organization of matter?

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Q. What is the difference of
“interaction between man and
environment” and “interaction
between other organisms and
environment”?

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 A. Organisms adapt themselves
to the environments.
 While
“Human modify environments to
suit themselves ”.

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Human environment
2 groups

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 1. Natural environment:
4 spheres
 1.1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life
 1.2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air
 1.3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid
 1.4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by
water

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How do the 4 spheres really
exist?

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 Atmosphere Ecosphere

Biosphere

Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
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2. Man-made environment

 2.1 Anthropogenic ecosystems

 2.2 Physical structures

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What are the Functions of
Natural Environment?

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