Prepared by:

Icon Edmar Calma

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS Joseph Matthew Cruz

Jay Mark Darca
Karl Chester Gonzales
Judy Ann Musa
EE-501
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE (HID) LAMPS
• a family of gas-discharge arc lamps

• use electrodes and an ionized gas to create light

• also require ballasts like fluorescent lights

• do not require a phosphor coating

• commonly used for outdoor lighting and in large indoor arenas

 BRIEF HISTORY
Invention of the Modern HID
• basic technology • the light output
for the gas- gas-discharge could be technology
discharge lamps lamp increased • increased light
has existed for • neon, xenon, output through
over 300 years • Francis Hauksbee argon, or krypton experimentation
• first demonstrated in gas mixtures
the technology in Filling
Filling the
the lamps
lamp and improved
Gas-discharge 1705 with
with noble
noble gases
gases electrode
lamps
HOW HID LIGHT WORKS
An arc is
created with Plasma, an
an initial ionized gas,
surge of is created
electricity

Facilitated by
The arc then
the gas in the
heats the
lamp
metal salts
ADVANTAGES OF HID LAMPS

long
known high rated life relatively
for high lumen (15,000 small in
efficiency output to 25,000 physical
per watt hours) size
DISADVANTAGES OF HID LAMPS

blue light
have a require
require tends to be
much higher
time to “re- scattered
voltage to
strike more by
keep
warm up time” water
droplets running
TYPES OF HID LAMPS

Mercury Vapor
Metal Halide
High Pressure Sodium (HPS)
HID VERSUS FLUORESCENT LAMPS
HID Fluorescent
Energy Efficiency 40-100 Lumens/Watt 50 to 100 Lumens/Watt

Durability Fragile – has moving parts, glass High quality fluorescents are
bulbs, and filaments heavy duty – have no filament,
shock & vibration resistant
Lifetime 15,000 to 25,000 hours 30,000 hours and up (newest
models)
Cold Tolerance – 40 F (may require longer warm -10 F
up time at low temperatures)
Performance Needs 5-10 minute warm-up time, Instant on
can flicker and glare
Color Temperatures Limited options (3000 to 5000 Multiple options (3000 to 6500
Kelvin) Kelvin)
Ability to be dimmed No Some

Cost Moderate upfront cost Low upfront cost

MERCURY VAPOR LAMP
oldest type of high-intensity discharge lighting

most models produce a bluish-white light

a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc

through vaporized mercury to produce light
gymnasiums, factories, department stores, banks,
highways, parks, and sports fields
A closeup of a 175-W mercury vapor
lamp. The small diagonal cylinder at the
bottom of the arc tube is a resistor which
supplies current to the starter electrode.
 HOW MERCURY VAPOR LAMP WORKS
small arc
between the
starting electrode
arc goes
and the main arc heats the
through argon
electrode tube, the tube
gas which
easily strikes gets hot enough vaporized
to vaporize the mercury creates
solid mercury a strong light
between the two
main electrodes
HOW MERCURY VAPOR LAMP WORKS
HOW MERCURY VAPOR LAMP WORKS
HOW MERCURY VAPOR LAMP WORKS
ADVANTAGES OF A MERCURY VAPOR LAMP

Good Its color Lasts far longer

efficiency rendering is than the 24000
better than that hour mark,
(high
of high pressure sometimes 40
lumen per
sodium street
watt rating) years
lights
DISADVANTAGES OF A MERCURY VAPOR LAMP

Warm up Radiation is
time Not suited to damaging for
required to render human the health of
start the skin color well human beings
lamp
METAL HALIDE LAMPS
What is Halide?
A Halide is a chemical compound of a halogen
combined with an electropositive element, or in
the case of lamps: a metal.
Halogens “Salt Formers”
• Chlorine
• Bromine
• Iodine
• Fluorine
• Astatine
METAL HALIDE LAMPS
This type of lamp is also known as an 'MH' lamp. It is an
HID lamp (High Intensity Discharge), which means it
provides most of its light from the electric arc within a small
discharge tube. It is becoming increasingly popular due to
its good quality white light and good efficiency.

Halide Salts used in MH Lamp:

• Hg(Mercury) - Bluish
• AgCL - White
• AgF – No Color
• AgBr – Pale Yellow
• AgI – Green Yellow
How Do Metal Halide Lamps Work?
When the lamp is cold the halides and mercury
are condensed on the arc tube. When the lamp is
turned on current passed through the starting
electrode and jumps the short distance to the
main electrode.

After the initial small arc the tube heats up and

the mercury is vaporized. Then the arc is able to
travel through the mercury vapor to reach
the other main electrode on the opposite side of
the discharge tube.
 APPLICATIONS
-Metal halide lamps produce a bright, white light with the
best color rendition among high-intensity lighting types.

-Metal halide lighting is used today indoors and out, for

industrial, commercial, retail and municipal spaces.
Popular for sports facilities, and site lighting, it is
increasingly found in supermarkets, big box retail, offices
and lobbies.
 APPLICATIONS
-The addition of metal halide gases to mercury gas within the
lamp results in higher light output, more lumens per watt, and
better color rendition than from mercury gas alone.

-Wattages range from 32 to 2,000, offering a wide range of

indoor and outdoor applications. The efficacy of metal halide
lamps ranges from 50 to 115 lumens per watt, typically about
double that of mercury vapor.
 ADVANTAGES
-More pure white light than the popular HPS lamps, close
to daylight frequencies, which allows it to be used for
growing plants

-More energy efficient than mercury vapor and halogen

lamps, great lumen output

-Metal halide offers excellent color rendering, with a 65-

90 CRI (color rendering index)
 ADVANTAGES
-Metal halide lamps are relatively unaffected by ambient
weather

-Metal halide lamps have an average life of 15,000-

20,000+ hours, more than ten times that of incandescent
 DISADVANTAGES
-Expensive per-bulb cost: expensive to manufacture -
many parts to assemble and materials are not cheap

-Some lamp types require 2 to 5 minutes to warm-up

before giving full light output and 10 minutes to cool-
down
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS
(HPS LAMPS)
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS
a member of the high intensity discharge (HID) lamp family which are the
most efficient white light source commercially available today

were developed and introduced in 1968 as energy-efficient sources

for exterior, security, and industrial lighting applications, and street

lighting applications

Due to their high efficiency and long life, HPS lamps are also suitable for
many interior applications
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS OPERATION
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS COMPONENTS

• The outer bulb • HPS lamps require • HPS lamps do not

shields the arc tube ballasts to regulate contain starting
from drafts and the arc current flow electrodes. Instead, an
changes in and deliver the electronic starting
circuit within the
temperature, proper voltage to the ballast generates a
prevents oxidation arc. high-voltage pulse to
of the internal parts, the operating
and acts as a filter electrodes.
for most of the UV
radiation generated
by the mercury
vapor.
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Efficacy: 40-140 lumens per watt

Color Temperature: 1900-2800 K

Color Rendering Index: 20-80

Depreciation: 10-15%

Life (10 hours/start): 10,000 - 24,000 hours

ADVANTAGES

Good Smaller size Can be Better bulb

efficiency than LPS or retrofitted life than
(lumens per fluorescent, into older
watt) the HPS fits Mercury LPS lamps
into many Vapor
fixture types fixtures.
DISADVANTAGES
Still has a bad color Requires a lossy ballast
rendering compared to (inefficient) that operates
metal halide and a low arc voltage of 52-
halogen lamps 100V. This reduces the
actual efficiency of the
lamp when you count the
whole system together.
APPLICATIONS

High Bay Outdoor

lighting lighting

Home
Yard Municipal
lighting Lighting