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INFLAMATION
LAMINA PROPRIA RESPONSE
ENDOTOXIN
MULTIPLICATION PLAQUE PAYERI (LOCAL,SYNTETIC)
LOCAL : INFLAMATION
SYSTEMIC : CYTOKINE
THORACIC DUCT
PRIMARY
CIRCULATION
BACTEREMIA
TARGET ORGAN RES
SECONDARY
BACTEREMIA
OTHER ORGANS
(METASTATIC)
PATOFISIOLOGI
MANIFESTASI KLINIS
TRIAS TIPOID
Not specific symptoms and signs ƒ
Fever ≥ 7 days ƒ
Gastrointestinal symptoms ƒ
Vomiting
Diarrhea / obstipation
Meteorismus ƒ
INTRA EXTRA
INTESTINAL INTESTINAL
Peritonitis Encephalitis
Perdarahan Pneumonia
Perforasi Meningitis
Osteomyelitis
Hepatitis
Tanda klinis
Peritonitis & Perforasi
Irritability ƒ
Decreasing consciousness (late stadium) ƒ
Abdominal distension ƒ
Abdominal pain ƒ
Defanse musculaire ƒ
Lowering intestinal sounds ƒ
Disappearance of hepatic dullness
TATA LAKSANA
A. SUPORTIF
Cairan
Rumatan : Larutan D5 : NaCl 0,9%
Koreksi kenaikan suhu tiap 1º tambah 12,5%
Diet
Makanan lunak
Kurangi serat, hindari zat yg merangsang
Tidak terlalu ketat
Koreksi asam basa
Koreksi elektrolit
B. TERAPI KAUSATIF
1. FIRST LINE DRUG
a. Kloramfenikol
Dosis : 100 mg/kg BB/ hari IV/PO
tiap 6 jam (Maks. 2.000 mg)
Hati-hati thd. anemia & lekopeni
Lama pengobatan : 14 hari
Tidak direkomendasikan jika
lekosit < 2.000/UI
b. Ampisilin/ Amoksisilin
Dosis : 100 mg/KgBB/hari, slm 10 hari
c. Cotrimoxazole
Dosis : 6 mg/KgBB/hari, selama 10 hari
2. SECOND LINE
a. Ceftriaxone (cephalosporin 3rd gen) ƒ
Dosis 80 mg/kgBB/hari selama 5 hari, IVƒ
b. Cefixime (cephalosporin 3rd gen) ƒ
Dosis 15 mg/kgBB/hari selama 10 hari, ƒ
PO
c. Azithromycin ƒ
Dosis 20 mg/kgBB/hari, perOral
d. Fluoroquinolone ƒ
Tidak direkomendasikan utk
anak usia < 14 th
TATA LAKSANA KOMPLIKASI
Encephalopaty ƒ
Dexametason 1‐3 mg/ KgBB/hari,
3‐5 hariƒ
Fluid restriction ƒ
Acid‐base and electrolyte correction ƒ
Peritonitis, intestinal hemorrhage ƒ
Fasting, parenteral nutrition,
blood transfusion (if indicated) ƒ
Parenteral antibiotic
Antibiotik
?
Suhu 0C Pengobatan
1st line disesuaikan