Introduction:

Surveying
F U N D A M E N TA L S O F S U R V E Y I N G C H A P T E R 1
R E F E R E N C E M AT E R I A L : E L E M E N TA R Y S U R V E Y I N G ; A N I N T R O D U C T I O N TO G E O M AT I C S ( T H I R T E E N T H
EDITION)
B Y C H A R L E S D . G H I L A N I & PA U L R . W O L F
Prepared by: Engr. Enzo Castillo
Definition of Surveying
 Also called “GEOMATICS”
 the science, art, and technology of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or
beneath the Earth’s surface, or of establishing such points.
 discipline which encompasses all methods for measuring and collecting information about the
physical earth and our environment, processing that information, and disseminating a variety of
resulting products to a wide range of clients.
“A surveyor is a professional person with the
academic qualifications and
technical expertise to conduct one, or more,
of the following activities;
• to determine, measure and represent the land, three-dimensional objects,
point-fields, and trajectories;
• to assemble and interpret land and geographically related information;
• to use that information for the planning and efficient administration of the
land, the sea and any structures thereon; and
• to conduct research into the above practices and to develop them.
GEOMATICS
The principal reason cited for making the name change is that the manner
and scope of practice in surveying have changed dramatically in recent years. This
has occurred in part because of recent technological developments that have provided
surveyors with new tools for measuring and/or collecting information, for
computing, and for displaying and disseminating information. It has also been
driven by increasing concerns about the environment locally, regionally, and
globally, which have greatly exacerbated efforts in monitoring, managing, and
regulating the use of our land, water, air, and other natural resources. These circumstances, and
others, have brought about a vast increase in demands for new spatially related information.
SURVEYORS THROUGHOUT HISTORY
THEN NOW

❖ GROUND BASED METHODS ❖ AERIAL/SATELLITE BASED METHODS

❖MANUAL PROCESSES ❖ AUTOMATED PROCESSES
❖ COMPUTATIONS, ANALYSES, MAPS
❖ AND
COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS TO PREPARE AND
PLOTS ARE PREPARED THROUGH HARD COPYALL DATA
DELIVER
(PRINTED) FORM
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SURVEYING
 GEODETIC SURVEY
the curved surface of the Earth is considered by performing the
computations on an ellipsoid (curved surface approximating the size and
shape of the Earth)
 PLANE SURVEY
except for leveling, the reference base for fieldwork and computations is
assumed to be a flat horizontal surface. The direction of a plumb line (and
thus gravity) is considered parallel throughout the survey region, and all
observed angles are presumed to be plane angles.
 TYPES OF SURVEYING
1. Control surveys
2. Topographic surveys
3. Land, boundary, and cadastral surveys
4. Hydrographic surveys
5. Alignment surveys
6. Construction surveys
7. As-built surveys
8. Mine surveys
9. Solar surveyors
10. Optical tooling (also referred to as industrial surveying or optical alignment)
11. Ground, aerial, and satellite surveys
RESEARCH ACTIVITY 1:
1. READ AND REMEMBER:
◦ HISTORY OF SURVEYING
◦ EGYPT
◦ GREECE
◦ ROMAN EMPIRE
◦ MIDDLE AGES
◦ 13TH CENTURY
◦ 19TH CENTURY
◦ LATEST INNOVATIONS
◦ IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING (LIST AND EXPLAIN)
◦ GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS (LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL) INVOLVED (LIST AND DEFINE THEIR ROLES)
2. WRITE A SUMMARY OF WHAT YOU HAVE READ. INCLUDE PICTURES AND FIGURES. MINIMUM OF 3000 WORDS
(HAND-WRITTEN)
3. CREATE A COVER PAGE FOR YOUR SUBMISSION. BE CREATIVE AND FORMAL. COVER PAGE SHOULD INCLUDE:
FULL NAME, DATE CREATED, DATE SUBMITTED, TITLE: “R.A. #1”
To be submitted a week after seeing this slide.
PROBLEM SET #1 (P.S. #1)
Elementary Surveying; An Introduction to Geomatics (Thirteenth Edition)
by Charles D. Ghilani & Paul R. Wolf
PAGE 20

DATE OF SUBMISSION: LAST MEETING BEFORE MIDTERM EXAM

SAME COVER PAGE AS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
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