Analysis of T-Beams

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T-Beams
 T-shape cross section are
usually used when concrete
beams are poured
monolithically with slabs as
part of continuous floor
systems

 Consists of the flange and the

stem or web

 Most efficient when placed in

compression
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 Depth of stress block is

smaller

 If the stress block is

located in the flange, the
beam will be designed like
a rectangular beam

 If the stress block falls in

the web, the stress block
must be divided into two
areas
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Case 1: When the stress block is within
the flange
 T=C

 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑓 (a)

𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
 𝑎=
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑓

𝑎
 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2

 𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛
 Case
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2: When the stress block is within
the flange
 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2

 𝑇 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2

 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦

 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 =𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 + 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦

 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2

 Compressive force carried by

the overhang of the beam

 𝐶1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤 𝑡
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 Nominal resisting capacity of the over hang

𝑡
𝑀1 = 𝐶1 𝑑 −
2

 Design factored moment

 Total steel area
𝑀𝑢 = ∅ 𝑀1 + 𝑀2 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2

𝑎 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏−𝑏𝑤 𝑡
𝑀2 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 𝐴𝑠1 =
2 𝑓𝑦

𝐶2 = 𝑇2
𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑎
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦

𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
𝑎=
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤
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FI GURE 5.1 Effective width of T beams.

FI GURE 5.2 Neutral axis locations.

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Effective width of flange

A. T-Section

Use smallest value of the following:

1
1. 𝑏= 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
4

2. 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 + 8𝑡 2 ; 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 + 16𝑡

3. 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 + clear spacing of the next beams

𝑏 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟

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B. L-shaped beams

Use smallest value of the following

1
1. 𝑏 + of span of the beam
12

2. 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 + 6𝑡

3. 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

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Total Resisting Moment of the T-beam

 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀1 + 𝑀2

𝑡 𝑎
 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − + 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2 2
 T-beam with neutral axis on the flange
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A T-beam for a floor system has a slab thickness of 100 mm
and a total depth of 550 mm.It has a web thickness of 300
mm. The T-beam is cast monolithically with the slab. The
beam has a simple span of 6 m with a spacing of 2.4 m
center to center. The beam carries a live load moment of
184 kN.m and a dead load moment of 84 kN.m fc'=20.7
MPa fy=413.7 MPa. Assume steel covering of 65 mm.

Determine the following:

a. effective width of flange
b. depth of compressing block
c. steel area required for tension only
 T-beam with neutral axis on the web
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A T-beam for a floor system has a slab thickness of 75 mm and a

web thickness of 375 mm. It has an effective depth of 600 mm. The
beam carries a dead load moment of 270 kN.m and a live load
moment of 523 kN.m. It has a span of 5.4 m and a spacing center
to center of 1.8 m. Use reduction factor of 0.90.

Determine the following:

a. Effective width of the flange

b. Depth of compression block