The Migration

Phenomenon
BY: CRISTAL CASTRO
SEBASTIAN LIONIS
 Who is a migrant?
IOM defines a migrant as any person who is moving or has moved across an
international border or within a State away from his/her habitual place of
residence, regardless of
• the person’s legal status
• whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary
• what the causes for the movement are
• what the length of the stay is
 Forms of Migration
The National Geographic Society (2005) has classified the types of migration into:
• Intercontinental migration
• Rural-Urban Migration
• Forced or involuntary Migration
• Impelled Migration (also called reluctant or imposed migration)
• Seasonal Migration
• Return Migration
• Long and short-term migration
 What are the Pull and Push factors
of migration?
Push Factors are those that force the
individual to move voluntarily, and in
many cases, they are forced because
the individual risk something if they
stay.
Pull factors are those factors in the
destination country that attract the
individual or group to leave their home.
Those factors are known as place utility,
which is the desirability of a place that
attracts people
 Impact of Migration on
destination country
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
• Cheap Labour • Job loss
• Skilled Labour • Discrimination/racism
• Cultural Diversity • Social/Civil Pressure
• Breakdown of culture and
traditions
• Diseases
 The impact of Migration on the home
country
POSITIVE NEGATIVE

• Remittances • Loss of skilled labor

• Better job prospects for locals • Population and markets
• Knowledge and skills Flow • Social/Family
 Migrant destinations
In 2013, about half of international migrants lived in these ten countries:

• USA (45.8 million)

• Russian Federation (11 million)
• Germany (9.8 million)
• Saudi Arabia (9.1 million)
• United Arab Emirates (7.8 million)
• United Kingdom (7.8 million)
• France (7.4 million)
• Canada (7.3 million)
• Australia (6.5 million)
• Spain (6.5 million)
Source: UN, Dept. of Economics and Social Affairs
 What is Illegal Migration?
Migration becomes illegal if people do not have the permission of the country or borders
they are entering into
• People who sneak into other
countries by land or sea, and other
organized groups help people to
sneak into other countries to work
illegally.
• People who visit a country for
tourism,education or health
purposes legally, but do NOT go
back .
• Immigrants who have expired
documents, or who came in with
fake documents.
 Dangers of Illegal Migration
Illegal immigrants face heat exhaustion, dehydration kidnapping, murder, robbery, drowning, risk of abandonment,
extortion and rape at the hands of violent drug cartels and even more ruthless human smugglers.

A woman crossing the Rio Bravo with a baby on

the US-Mexico border in Ojinaga, in northern
Mexico

Death of Alan Kurdi a

three-year-old Syrian boy
 REFERENCES
• https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms
• http://eschooltoday.com/migration/what-is-migration.html