GLOBAL

MIGRATION

Reporter
SHYRENE BROŇOSO
“

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HISTORY

European expansion and its effects brought migration into

world’s agenda. After 2nd WorldWar and especially in the
last decades migration became an important political issue.
Migration on the one hand make a country’s population
ethnically and culturally colorful, creates hostility towards
outsiders on the other. Movement of people towards the
1st World forced European countries’ to examine their
citizenship regulations.

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MIGRATION
As a result of social, economic and political
changes migration as a worldwide issue has
brought about 80 million migrants and 20 million
of them are refugees. Movement of people from
one region or society to another for the purpose
of settlement.

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DEFINITIONS
Immigration is the movement of people into a
country to settle.
Emigration is the process by which people leave a
country to settle in another country.

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 TYPES OF
MIGRATION
○ International Migration
- Permanent movement from one
country to another
○ National or Internal Migration
- Movement within a Country

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WORLD MIGRATION

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WORLD MIGRATION

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FOUR MODELS OF
MIGRATION
Classic Colonial Model: Worker Model: Illegal
Model: Countries are more Immigrants are Model:
Immigration is tolerant to accepted temporarily Entering an
encouraged by the immigration coming as guests workers to industrialized
countries of from their ex-colonies fulfil the demand within country secretly
destination like than other countries the labour market and work without
USA, Canada and of origin. (i.e. without citizenship. legal permission.
Australia. The only immigration to
restriction is annual England from the
quotas. former British
colonies)

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FORCES BEHIND
MIGRATION

Push Factors are Pull Factors are Macro Level Micro Level
the dynamics characteristics of Processes: Over Processes:
within the country destination charging issues such Resources
of origin which countries that as political situations, knowledge and
force people to attract immigrant laws and regulations understandings that
emigrate such as wish to get better between the countries migrant population
war, famine, living and working to control migration. has and activate.
political oppression conditions. Changes in global
or population economy can be
pressures. counted as a macro
factor for example.

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FOUR TENDENCIES IN GLOBAL
MIGRATION
(BY STEPHEN CASTLES AND MARK MILLER, 1993)

• Acceleration:
Increase in the number of migrants.
• Diversification:
Types of migrants have changed. Labor force, refugees.
• Globalization:
In terms of sender or receivers migration become global in nature.
• Feminization:
Women’s number in migrants are increasing. They are generally hired as cheap
labor force like domestic labor or sexual slaves.

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Why do people
move?
● Global migration can be understood as a cause and effect relationship, though
the causes are just as numerous as their effects. People move across international
borders for a variety of reasons, including (though not limited to):
Safety
Natural disaster
Political conflict
Education
Family
Career
Economic betterment

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GLOBAL DIASPORAS
DIASPORA
Is dispersal of an ethnic population from an original home
land into foreign areas by force because of traumatic
reasons. First known diasporas African-American people
who migrated to the new world as slaves and Jews
people who had to migrate and got citizenship in the West
today after the 2nd world war.

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CHARACTERISTICS
OF DIASPORAS

• Sharing the same history and ancestors,

• Sharing a common reserved ethnic identity,
• Sharing a collective memory of original homeland,
• A degree of tension towards the host country,
• Sharing the belief in return,
• Sharing a sense of solidarity,
• A potential to contribute to the host culture.

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FIVE HISTORICAL
DIASPORAS

Robin Cohen (1997) defines five historical categories of

diasporas and notes that diasporas are formed as a result of
persecution and violence.
Victim (Jewish)
Imperial (British)
Labor (Indian)
Trade (Chinese)
Cultural (Caribbean).

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FIVE DIFFERENT
LEVELS OF DIASPORAS
INVOLVEMENT IN
DEVELOPMENT
Receiving Information
Passive Information Gathering
Consultation
Collaboration
Self- Mobilization

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IMMIGRATION AND
ETHNIC RELATIONS
IN EUROPE
• After the 2nd World War some Mediterranean and North African countries sent
guest workers to Europeas a result of acute labor shortage.
• After the collapse of Soviet regime a new migratory movement has started:
- Migration from ex-socialist countries to Europe and migration from East
Germany to the West starting from 1989.
- Ethnic un-mixing in Soviet countries and former Yugoslavia created millions
of migrant and refugees.

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MIGRATION AND
THE EUROPEAN
• Freedom of movement within EU is resulted amigration of highly developed and
skilled people. According to this legislation EU citizens have right towork and live in
another EU country.
• With the Schengen Agreement some EU countrie shardened the control of their
territory. By the enlargement of EU, the protection of the external borders became
more important issue.
• Except family unification and studentship, entrance to the EU is almost impossible.
Still it is estimated that every year 400.000 people smuggled into theEU borders.
• This fact triggered illegal entries and human trafficking. Human smuggling
became a global organized crime as a result of that.

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REFUGEES ASYLUM
SEEKERS AND
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS

• Asylum Seeker: A person who applied for refuge in a foreign country due to a fear of
religious or political persecution in his or her country people
• Although it is an internationally recognized legal rights. Asylum seekers are
treated like criminalpeople by the authorities of the country of destination.
• Some people enter to European countries to seek better life but do not get
political protection. That’swhy EU countries strengthen their policies andaccepting
procedures against illegal entrances.
• People in EU countries see asylum seekers aspotential criminals. They become
less tolerant to themigrant people.

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Does migration improve the
quality of life?
What are the impacts of
migration?
Thank You
For
Listening!
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REFERENCES

https://www.brombergtranslations.com/what-is-
global-migration/
https://www.internetgeography.net/igcse-
geography/population-and-settlement-igcse-
geography/what-are-the-impacts-of-migration/
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/article/25/1/tay
040/5056445
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