*

Sendy Bullus
Group S1513
2018
 *Classification
Water soluble fat soluble
Thiamine (B1) Retinol (A)
Calcium pantothenate (B) Ergocalciferol (D)
Pyridoxin hydrochloride (B6) Tocopherol (E)
Cyanocobalamin (B12) Menadion (K)
Calcium pangamas (B15)
Folic acid (BC)
Ascorbic acid (C)
Nicotinic acid (PP)
Rutin (P)
*
* For the most part, vitamins are obtained from the
diet, but some are acquired by other means: for
example, microorganisms in the gut flora produce
vitamin K and biotin; and one form of vitamin D is
synthesized in skin cells when they are exposed to a
certain wavelength of ultraviolet light present
in sunlight. Humans can produce some vitamins from
precursors they consume: for example, vitamin A is
synthesized from beta carotene; and niacin is
synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.[19] The
Food Fortification Initiative lists countries which have
mandatory fortification programs for vitamins folic
acid, niacin, vitamin A and vitamins B1, B2 and B12.
*
* Pharmacodynamics properties :
Epithelial formation
Growth processes
Maintain usual vision
Synthesis of rhodopsin , nucleic acid , protein ,
enzymes
* Indications: avitaminosis
ophthalmologic disease
dermatologic disease
chilblain
Deficiency diseases:
night blindness , hyperkeratosis, and keratomalacia.
*
* Pharmacodinamic properties:
Bony tissue formation
Increase blood pressure
Regulate K+ and phosphorus metabolism
Indications :
Dental decay
Fractures
Osteoporosis
Side effect:
Hypervitaminosis
Weakness
Increase temperature and blood pressure
*
*Pharmacodynamics properties:
Lipid and protein metabolism
Regulate reproduction function
Exert membranoprotective action
Indications:
Dermatologic disease
Sexual glands disturbances
Menstrual disturbances
Side effects : hepatic function disturbances
*
* Pharmacodynamics properties :
Blood coagulation processes and clotting formation

* indications:
bleeding

* Side effect:
thrombogenesis
 Vitamin US Recomme
Vitamin
chemical nded dietary
generic Solu Overdose
name(s) allowances Deficiency disease Food sources
descriptor bility syndrome/symptoms
(list not (male/female
name
complete) , age 19–70)[8]

Retinol, Re
Liver, orange, ripe
tinal, and
Night yellow fruits, leafy
four Carot
900 µg/700 µ blindness, hyperke vegetables, carrots,
Vitamin A enoids Fat Hypervitaminosis A
g ratosis, pumpkin, squash,
including B
and keratomalacia spinach, fish, soy milk,
eta-
milk
carotene

Beriberi, Wernicke Pork, oatmeal, brown

1.2 mg/1.1 m Drowsiness and muscle
Vitamin B1 Thiamine Water -Korsakoff rice, vegetables,
g relaxation[10]
syndrome potatoes, liver, eggs
 Cyanocobalami
n, Hydroxocoba
Pernicious Meat, poultry,
Vitamin B12 lamin, Methylco Water 2.4 µg/2.4 µg None proven
anemia[14] fish, eggs, milk
balamin, Adeno
sylcobalamin

Dairy products,
Ariboflavinosis, bananas,
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Water 1.3 mg/1.1 mg glossitis, angula popcorn, green
r stomatitis beans,
asparagus

Meat, fish,
Liver damage
Niacin, Niacina eggs, many
(doses >
Vitamin B3 mide, Nicotina Water 16 mg/14 mg Pellagra vegetables,
2g/day)[11] and
mide riboside mushrooms,
other problems
tree nuts
 Diarrhea;
Pantothenic possibly nausea Meat, broccoli,
Vitamin B5 Water 5 mg/5 mg Paresthesia
acid and avocados
heartburn. [12]

Impairment
Pyridoxine, Pyri Anemia,[13]Peri of proprioceptio Meat,
1.3–1.7 mg/1.2–
Vitamin B6 doxamine, Pyrid Water pheral n, nerve vegetables, tree
1.5 mg
oxal neuropathy damage (doses nuts, bananas
> 100 mg/day)

Raw egg yolk,

Dermatitis, ent liver, peanuts,
Vitamin B7 Biotin Water AI: 30 µg/30 µg
eritis leafy green
vegetables

Megaloblastic
anemia and
deficiency
May mask
during Leafy
symptoms of
Folates, Folic pregnancy is vegetables,
Vitamin B9 Water 400 µg/400 µg vitamin
acid associated pasta, bread,
B12 deficiency;
with birth cereal, liver
other effects.
defects, such
as neural
tube defects
 Many fruits and
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid Water 90 mg/75 mg Scurvy None known vegetables,
liver

Lichen, eggs,
liver, certain
fish species
Cholecalciferol such
Rickets and ost Hypervitamino
Vitamin D (D3), Ergocalci Fat 15 µg/15 µg as sardines,
eomalacia sis D
ferol (D2) certain
mushroom
species such
as shiitake

Deficiency is
Possible Many fruits and
very rare;
increased vegetables,
Tocopherols, T mild hemolytic
Vitamin E Fat 15 mg/15 mg incidence of nuts and
ocotrienols anemia in
congestive seeds, and
newborn
heart failure. seed oils
infants

Leafy green
Decreased
vegetables
Phylloquinone, AI: Bleeding anticoagulatio
Vitamin K Fat such as
Menaquinones 110 µg/120 µg diathesis n effect
spinach; egg
of warfarin.
yolks; liver
*Thank you