SENTENTIAL

TERMINOLOGY
REPORTED BY:
PONTONGAN, LAILA D. BSED 4D
SENTENTIAL
- RELATIVE CLAUSE WITH A SNTENTIAL
ANTECEDENT

ANTECEDENT
- WORD OR PHRASE THAT IS REPRESENTED BY
ANOTHER WORD
- SIMPLE SENTENCES
- COMPOUND SENTENCES
- COMPLEX SENTENCES
- SENTENCE MOODS
- THEME/RHEME
- MARKEDNESS
- VOICE
SIMPLE, COMPOUND & COMPLEX SENTENCES

SIMPLE SENTENCES COMPOUND COMPLEX

SENTENCES SENTENCES

Contains at least one Consists of two or Contains main

subject and one verb more clauses. clause and one or
and can still stand more
alone as an subordinate clauses.
independent clause.
 SIMPLE SENTENCES
Five basic rules of simple sentence pattern in English:

EXAMPLES
subject + verb The tower collapsed.
subject + verb + object She plays basketball.
subject + verb + indirect object + direct object He gave his teacher an apple.
subject + verb + subject predicate The boy washed clothes.
subject + verb + object + object predicate She makes me happy.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
- Consist of two or more independent clauses of equal grammatical
importance joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction.

EXAMPLES:

He was tired so he went to bed early.

Talented oral storytellers are rare; Spalding Gray is exceptional.

Stories entertain me, and riddles amuse me, but poems are my favorite.
COMPLEX SENTENCES

A complex has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses

Examples:
Main Clause Subordinate Clause
I like Toni Cade Barbara’s stories because they have good characters.
SV S V

I washed the car after I came home.

Even though she was late, she managed to finish her assignment.

Before we left the game, I had to ask my mom for money but she yelled that she
was broke.
SENTENCE MOODS
English sentences said to display three main moods
- Declarative (sometimes called as indicative)
- Interrogative and Imperative (two minor moods)
- Exclamatory and Subjunctive
(realized with
(statement) (question) (command) (exclamation) the were form)
Declarative Interrogative Imperative Exclamatory Subjunctive
Examples

What are
Please pass What a I wish I were
Today is you going to
the paper. beautiful the one that
Wednesday. wear in our
day today! he choose.
pictorial?
THEME/RHEME
- Gerot and Widnell (1994, 103)
Theme as the element(s) which
come(s) first in the clause, and the rest
of the clause is called rheme.

- Thornbury (2005, 38)

What the sentence is about (its
topic) and what the writer of speaker
wants to tell you about the topic (the
comment)
 Examples:

THEME RHEME
The teacher gave us a new lesson this morning.

We were given a new lesson by the

teacher.

A new lesson was given to us by the teacher.

This morning a new lesson was given by the

teacher.

*Theme comes at the beginning of the sentence and rheme

comes after the theme.
MARKEDNESS
In linguistics, markedness refers to the way
words are change or added to give special
meaning. The unmarked choice is just the
normal meaning

Unmarked word: WALK

Marked word: WALKED (marking the word by
adding “ed” to the end and indicate the
past.)
VOICE
This refer to active and passive voice of the sentence.

ACTIVE VOICE:

Dante wrote a letter to his former partner.

(doer) (action) (receiver)

PASSIVE VOICE:

A letter for his former partner was written by Dante.

(receiver) (action) (doer)