Beginning Calculus

- The First and Second Derivative Functions -

Shahrizal Shamsuddin Norashiqin Mohd Idrus

Department of Mathematics,
FSMT - UPSI

(LECTURE SLIDES SERIES)

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 1 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Learning Outcomes

Interprete the meaning of …rst and second derivative functions.

Sketch the graphs of …rst and second derivative functions.

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 2 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

The First Derivative

Functions

If f 0 > 0, then f is increasing.

If f 0 < 0, then f is decreasing.

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 3 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

The graphs of f (x ) = x 2 and its derivative function f 0 (x ) = 2x :

y 4 y 4

2 2

•4 •2 2 4 •4 •2 2 4
•2 x •2 x
•4 •4

The graph of f The graphs of f and f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 4 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example
The graphs of f (x ) = x 3 3 and its derivative function
f 0 (x ) = 3x 2 1 :

10 y 4
y
5 2

•4 •2 2 4 •4 •2 2 4
x •2 x
•5

•4
•10

The graph of f The graphs of f and f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 5 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example
1 dy 1
The graphs of y = and = 2:
x dx x

y 2
y 2
1
1

•4 •2 2 4
•4 •2 2 4 x
x •1
•1
•2
•2

dy
The graph of y The graphs of y and
dx

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 6 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example
1
The graphs of f (x ) = px and its derivative function f 0 (x ) = :
2p x

y 4 y 4

2 2

•4 •2 2 4 •4 •2 2 4
•2 x •2 x
•4 •4

The graph of f The graphs of f and f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 7 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example
1 x
The graphs of f (x ) = and its derivative function
2+x
3
f 0 (x ) = :
( x + 2) 2

y 4 y 4

2 2

•4 •2 2 4 •4 •2 2 4
•2 x •2 x
•4 •4

The graph of f The graphs of f and f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 8 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

Sketch the graph of the derivative function of the given function:

y 4 y 4

2 2

•4 •2 2 4 •4 •2 2 4
•2 x •2 x
•4 •4

The graph of f The graphs of f and f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 9 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

Sketch the graph of the derivative function of the given function:

y 4 y 4

2 2

•4 •2 2 4 •4 •2 2 4
•2 x •2 x
•4 •4

The graph of f The graphs of f and f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 10 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

The Second Derivative

Function

If f 00 > 0, then f 0 is increasing. The graph of f is concave

up.f 00 < 0, then f 0 is decreasing. The graph of is concave down.
If
f
f 0 Inflection Point

f 0
f 0 f 0
Concave Down
f 0
Concave Up

f 0 f 0
f 0

f 0

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 11 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

f (x ) = x 2 , Then, f 0 (x ) = 2x and f 00 (x ) = 2

10
y f(x)
5
f '(x)
f ''(x)

•4 •2 2 4
x
•5

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 12 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

1 1
f (x ) = px, Then, f 0 (x ) = , and f 00 (x ) =
2p x 4 px 3

y 4

2 f(x)
f '(x)
0
f ''(x) 2 4
•2 x
•4

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 13 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

Sketch the second derivative function:

y 4
f '(x)
2 f(x)

•4 •2 2 4
•2
x

•4

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 14 / 15
The First Derivative Functions The Second Derivative Functions

Example

Sketch the second derivative function:

3
y f(x)
2
1

•4 •2 2 4
•1 x
•2 f '(x)
•3

VillaRINO DoMath, FSMT-UPSI

(D7) The First and Second Derivative Functions 15 / 15